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Biomedical subjects

K Scharer

Publications and source records attributed to K Scharer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Admission: a crucial point in relationship building between parents and staff in child psychiatric units.

The admission of a child to a psychiatric unit is difficult for parents. While many articles about admissions can be discovered in the literature, few address the process of admission. A grounded theory study was undertaken to describe and explain the relationships that develop between parents and nurses in child psychiatric units. The crucial nature of the admission process was discovered and is the focus of this article. Theoretical sampling was used. Data were collected by interviewing parents and the nursing staff working with the parents. In addition, participant observation was used. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Parents often came to the unit expecting to be blamed for their child's problems. When nurses responded with reassurance and caring, the parents' engagement was enhanced. During admission, expectations of parents and nurses influenced the relationship. In addition, the study discovered ways that nursing routines influence the relationship during the admission period.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Patient outcomes: the link between nursing diagnoses and interventions.

The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association classification is approved for nursing diagnoses, the Nursing Intervention Classification system provides a common nursing intervention language but to date there is no complete classification for patient outcomes. An outcome classification system can be used for making effective decisions. Recognizing the need for standardized outcomes, clinical nurse specialists developed a classification of patient outcomes. These outcomes, written to fit the Nursing Intervention Classification taxonomy, incorporate Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory.

Classification↗
PubMed1994

Mothers of chronically ill neonates and primary nurses in the NICU: transfer of care.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between nurse and mother during the ill neonate's hospitalization and examine how this relationship influenced the mother's parenting of her infant during the hospitalization. Using qualitative methods, we separately interviewed ten mothers and nine primary nurses about their relationships, their views on each other, and the mothers' infant care. The tape-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, themes were extracted, and categories were developed for coding the data. As issues emerged, they were further explored in follow-up interviews. We identified four stages in the process of transferring the care of the infant from nurse to mother. The mother-nurse relationships were influenced by both the nurses' and the mothers' typical interactional patterns. Nurses had definite ideas about who was an "ideal" mother. To the mothers, the nurses' competence and caring attitude toward their infants were most important. The process by which the nurse and mother interact to provide care for the infant and alter their roles during the course of the hospitalization is linked to various factors and aspects of the nurse-mother relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Energy production, intracellular amino acid pools, and protein synthesis in chronic renal disease.

Intracellular glycolytic regulating enzyme activities, pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), adenylate kinase (AK), energy charge (Ech), free amino acids (ICAA), and protein synthesis (PS) were measured in polymorphonuclear leukocytes--used as a cell model--in 62 adults and 12 children with chronic renal failure, and 66 normal adults and 21 children as comparison controls. In normal subjects, children had significantly lower enzyme activities and cell amino acid levels but similar Ech and higher PS than adults. ICAA concentrations were significantly higher than plasma amino acid concentrations (PAA) in both groups, and the PAA were not correlated with, nor indicative of, the ICAA concentrations. The variance (R2) in PS could be largely accounted for by a combination ("set") of six ICAA, as determined by multivariate analysis. The sets differed in children vs adults, suggesting that different proteins were being synthesized. In the uremic patients, reduced PF, PFK, Ech, most ICAAs and PS were indicative of cellular malnutrition. For the uremic adults, the abnormalities in cell metabolism were modified by therapy--nondialyzed uremics being worst, CAPD patients best and approximately normal, and hemodialyzed intermediate. The uremic CAPD children had reduced, PK, PFK, AK, most ICAA, and PS. Ech was increased. Cellular malnutrition in children with chronic renal failure may contribute to their poor growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Managing chronic illness: parents with a ventilator--dependent child.

Ventilator-dependent children are surviving longer and increasing in number. This qualitative study was undertaken to describe the impact of a ventilator-dependent child on 10 families and to describe the management styles used by the parents. In five families, the child remained hospitalized due to the disability while in the other five the child primarily lived at home. Three major themes in managing were elicited: barriers, resources, and parenting. Parents believed they should try to normalize their child's experiences, that interactions with health care professionals required negotiation and assertiveness, and that they needed some support person(s) outside of the family.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Renal handling of inorganic sulfate in children with chronic kidney disorders.

Excretion, clearance and tubular reabsorption of inorganic sulfate (SO4) were measured in 38 children with various chronic kidney disorders over a wide range of glomerular filtration rates (GFR). The SO4 excretion remained constant up to advanced renal failure. Significant correlations were found between GFR and clearance or tubular reabsorption of SO4, respectively. It appears that in early renal insufficiency the reduction of tubular SO4 reabsorption is sufficient to prevent an increase in plasma SO4. At GFR values below 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 about half of the children studied exhibited a net tubular secretion of SO4 and all patients showed a rapid increase of plasma SO4 up to 10 times mean normal levels. It is suggested that the accumulation of SO4 in uremia is less compensated for than that of other ions.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Young people and AIDS. Mental health promotion in action.

This article describes the development and implementation of a two part health promotion and primary mental health prevention program developed for junior high students. AIDS education was used as a vehicle for promoting the development of a responsible decision-making framework in the students. Both cognitive and affective learning strategies were used in the program. The reactions of the students, their parents, and the educational system are described.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Researching sensitive issues in child psychiatric nursing: ethical concerns.

TOPIC: Research in the field of child psychiatric nursing is greatly needed. The sensitive nature of many potential topics has hindered research in the field. PURPOSE: This paper defines sensitive research and explores the ethical issues encountered when designing studies on sensitive issues for the purpose of increasing awareness of the problems involved. SOURCES: A synthesis of the nursing, psychiatric, psychological, and sociological literature resulted in identification of potential ethical problems, as well as suggestions for managing these ethical issues. CONCLUSION: Well-designed research on sensitive issues that meets the ethical principles of beneficence, respect, and justice will contribute to the knowledge base of child psychiatric nursing.

Adolescent↗