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Biomedical subjects

K Shimakura

Publications and source records attributed to K Shimakura.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Pulmonary edema induced by angiotensin II in rats.

We performed this study to demonstrate the experimental procedure for inducing pulmonary edema by angiotensin II (AT II) in rats and to determine the mechanism of hemodynamic pulmonary edema. In the pilot study, 10 micrograms/ml of AT II was found to be adequate as the edematogenic dose for inducing pulmonary edema. The edematogenic dose of AT II was intravenously given to rats pretreated with 20 mg/kg of an AT II-receptor antagonist, E 4177 (3-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-2-cyclopropyl-7-methyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine), and to rats given 10 mg/kg of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine. Similarly, pulmonary edema was induced by 25 micrograms/ml of adrenaline in rats pretreated with E 4177 (20 mg/kg) and rats with no pretreatment. E 4177 completely suppressed the development of AT II-induced pulmonary edema, whereas phentolamine could not. On the contrary, E 4177 could not suppress the development of adrenaline-induced pulmonary edema. We concluded that AT II-induced pulmonary edema will develop via the specific AT II receptor without the indirect action of adrenaline.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1994

[Values of wettedness observed in clothed subject and the theoretical equal line of average skin temperature].

In order to obtain the characteristics of the change of wettedness under constant average skin temperature 36 degrees C, the experiments were carried out using two young male subjects in a test chamber. From the basic measurements of both environmental parameters and human physiological responses, the authors found the wettedness value changeable even though the average skin temperature was constant. The following results were obtained under the conditions of resting-sitting, summer clothing worn, still air movement and constant average skin temperature 36 degrees C; 1. there is a positive correlation between wettedness and the environmental vapor pressure. 2. There is a negative correlation between wettedness and the air temperature. 3. There is a positive correlation between the evaporative heat loss from skin surface and the air temperature. 4. There is a negative correlation between the evaporative heat loss and the vapor pressure. 5. There is a negative correlation between wettedness and the evaporative heat loss. 6. Both maximum and minimum values of wettedness correspond to the average skin temperature. Considering the afore-mentioned results, the equal line of the average skin temperature does not form a straight line, but a curved line on the psychrometric chart.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of formulas for calculating average skin temperature and their characteristics].

In order to obtain data of skin temperatures experiments were carried out using three healthy young Japanese males. The subjects were exposed to each of the four environments with dry bulb temperatures of 15 degrees C, 19 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 33 degrees C. At each of these air temperatures, relative humidity and air movement were set at 50% and 0.15m/s respectively. The subjects wore only athletic shorts, seated on the meshed chair. Each subject was measured with thermisters continuously for one hour under these conditions to obtain twenty-nine regional skin temperature. The above experiments were made with one subject at a time in the test chamber. The data of skin temperatures observed were substituted into twenty-eight different weighting formulas for comparison. The present analysis revealed that the calculation from the 12-point and the 7-point skin area formulas by Hardy-DuBois showed approximate mean values of the twenty eight. Moreover, the values calculated from the formula by Nadel et al, which was weighted by skin area and thermal sensitivity, are similar to the values calculated by the formula of Mochida, which was weighted by skin area, heat transfer coefficients and thermal sensitivity. Furthermore, the authors verified that the area-mean weighting factor was derived from the Teichner's definition in which a limiting value of arithmetical mean of skin temperatures gave a value of average skin temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Factors affecting the patency of stents in malignant biliary obstructive disease: univariate and multivariate analysis.

To investigate the factors affecting the patency of biliary stents, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses in 370 straight stents with diameters of 10- to 12-French gauge which had been inserted singly as palliative treatment in 228 patients with malignant biliary obstructive disease. In the analysis of 226 first stents, advanced age of patients and higher serum bilirubin levels before insertion were found to be significant unfavorable factors limiting the duration of stent function. Overall, older age, male sex, no stent cleaning, and insertion on three or more occasions were significant unfavorable prognostic factors for patency. The risk of occlusion for stents inserted on three or more occasions was 2.32 times that of the first stent insertion. The median duration of patency of first, second, and subsequent stents was 177, 98, and 97 days, respectively. Diagnosis and the area of stenosis were unrelated to patency. No predictive significance of length or size of stent between 10- and 12-French gauge was found in our study.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Study of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis by means of serial pancreozymin-secretin tests.

Fourteen patients with suspected chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CAP) and 21 patients who had been shown to have the disease were followed up by the pancreozymin-secretin test in order to clarify the serial changes in exocrine pancreatic function in alcoholic pancreatitis. The initial and final test data for secretory volume, maximal bicarbonate concentration, bicarbonate output (BO), and amylase output (AmO) of exocrine secretion were compared in these two groups. Patients with suspected CAP showed a significant serial decrease only in AmO; definite CAP developed in 3 of them during the follow-up period. In definite CAP, a significantly progressive decrease in BO as well as AMO was observed. It is suggested that in the earlier stage of CAP, AMO is initially affected, whereas decreased secretion of both bicarbonate and enzyme becomes apparent in the later stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Exocrine pancreatic function in asymptomatic chronic alcoholics without structural pancreatic disease.

In order to elucidate the functional states of the pancreas in the asymptomatic latent stage of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, 45 chronic alcoholics with no obvious pancreatic structural abnormalities judged by endoscopic pancreatography were studied by pancreozymin-secretin test. We found three patterns of exocrine pancreatic function in alcoholics with or without cirrhosis: normal secretion (40%), hyposecretion (29%) and hypersecretion (31%). In the hyposecretory group, the amylase output proved to be impaired more frequently. In the hypersecretory group increases were observed in one or more of the following parameters, volume, bicarbonate output and amylase output. However, increase in volume was a fundamental condition in this hypersecretion. This study confirmed that exocrine pancreatic hyposecretion and hypersecretion were almost equally frequent in asymptomatic chronic alcoholics with no obvious pancreatographic abnormalities. These results suggest that ongoing exocrine pancreatic dysfunctions exist in the subclinical stage of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and trichloroethylene exposure.

A case-control study was carried out to assess the association between pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) and working conditions, including occupational exposure to organic solvents. Thirteen patients with primary PCI were individually matched with controls by sex, age, and admission year. It was found that there was a close association between the development of primary PCI and occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE). Twelve of 13 patients with PCI (92.3%) were found to have been exposed occupationally to TCE, and the healing and recurrence of PCI in these patients substantially paralleled the profile of their occupational exposure to TCE. Two pairs of patients with PCI had been working in the same factories, where they had degreased camera lenses with TCE. These results suggest that chronic exposure to TCE could be one of the etiological factors in PCI.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis with an initial presenting feature of localized gastric varices.

A case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with an initial presenting feature of localized gastric varices is reported. The patient, 64 years old female, underwent a barium meal examination because of ill-defined abdominal complaints and was found to have gastric varices localized at the cardia but no esophageal varices. Her blood chemistry showed high values of biliary tract enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, but the serum bilirubin level was almost normal. Serum anti-mitochondrial antibody was positive. Histological findings of the surgically biopsied liver specimen were compatible with PBC. The clinical implication of gastric varices in PBC is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Sixteen years follow-up of a patient with alcoholic pancreatitis: serial findings of morphology and function on the pancreas and the liver.

Sixteen years follow-up was performed in a male of long-standing alcohol indulgence who had an alcoholic liver disease at the outset, followed by alcoholic pancreatitis which progressed finally to pancreatic calcification. During this course, the abnormalities of endoscopic pancreatogram were unremittingly progressive, whereas exocrine and endocrine pancreatic dysfunction remained fluctuating, but ultimately deteriorated. In contrast functional and histological abnormalities of the liver were not progressive but returned toward normal. The follow-up observations in this case suggest that some cases of typical alcoholic pancreatitis may have unremittingly progressive morphologic changes with fairly well reserved capacity of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions and their hepatic lesions may not be in parallel with pancreatic lesions.

Adult↗