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Biomedical subjects

K Shindo

Publications and source records attributed to K Shindo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Flumazenil does not antagonize halothane, thiamylal or propofol anaesthesia in rats.

We have studied the effects of flumazenil on sleep time and EEG in rats anaesthetized with 1.5% halothane, propofol 20 mg kg-1, thiamylal 30 mg kg-1, or combinations of diazepam 5 mg kg-1 and anaesthetic agents. We also studied the effects of flumazenil 0.3, 3 and 30 mg kg-1 on behaviour and EEG. Flumazenil 0.3 and 3 mg kg-1 alone had no effect on behaviour or EEG, but flumazenil 30 mg kg-1 had depressive effects similar to those of diazepam on behaviour and EEG. Flumazenil 0.3, 3 and 30 mg kg-1 i.v., antagonized the effects of diazepam 10 mg kg-1 i.v. on behaviour and EEG. Flumazenil had no antagonistic effect on sleep time induced by anaesthetic agents, but flumazenil 30 mg kg-1 potentiated propofol-induced anaesthesia. Flumazenil did not affect anaesthesia-induced EEG changes. Diazepam 5 mg kg-1 potentiated anaesthesia. Flumazenil antagonism of diazepam potentiation varied with anaesthetic agent: flumazenil 0.3 mg kg-1 antagonized diazepam action in halothane anaesthesia, but 30 mg kg-1 was required in propofol anaesthesia; this large dose was insufficient in thiamylal anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Responses of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and cytokines during and after upper abdominal surgery.

There is currently accumulating evidence for bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Various cytokines have been suggested to be involved in the stimulation of stress hormone secretion during the times of infection and inflammation. To assess the possible involvement and pathophysiologic significance of cytokines in the mechanisms responsible for the perioperative stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, we observed the changes of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels together with those of plasma endotoxin and cytokine levels. In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, perioperative stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion was accompanied by a significant elevation of plasma cytokine levels. Application of epidural block up to the upper thoracic levels failed to suppress this stress response effectively. In patients undergoing unilateral total hip replacement, the response of plasma hormone levels was smaller and briefer with no significant increase of plasma cytokine levels. Application of epidural block up to the lower thoracic levels suppressed this hormonal response almost completely. In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, a significant elevation of plasma endotoxin level was followed by a gradual but significant elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels. It seems likely that the stimulatory effects of these cytokines on the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol might be involved in the development of the greater and more prolonged stress response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Our present study suggests that not only neural input from the surgical wound but also stimulation of cytokine production were responsible for the development of the stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during and after upper abdominal surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Bacillus subtilis inositol dehydrogenase-encoding gene (idh): sequence and expression in Escherichia coli.

The Bacillus subtilis inositol dehydrogenase (Idh)-encoding gene (idh) was cloned in the B. subtilis temperate phage, rho 11, and then in Escherichia coli plasmids (pBR322 and pUC118). The nucleotide sequence of the idh gene, which consists of 344 codons and whose product has an Mr of 38,351, was determined. E. coli, bearing pIOL05d15, in which expression of the idh gene is under the control of the lac promoter of pUC118, overproduced an active Idh to approx. 20% of total protein upon addition of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. This overproduced enzyme cross-reacted with an anti-Idh antibody, and exhibited the same Mr and substrate specificity as those of the B. subtilis enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Effects of interleukins on plasma arginine vasopressin and oxytocin levels in conscious, freely moving rats.

To elucidate whether interleukins are involved in vasopressin or oxytocin release during cytokine-related stressful conditions, we examined the effects of human interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 on plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels in rats. Interleukin-1 beta administrated intravenously stimulated both the vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in dose-dependent manners. Neither hormone release was observed following interleukin-6 administration. Pretreatment with aspirin significantly attenuated the effects of interleukin-1 beta on both the vasopressin and oxytocin levels. SC-19220, a prostaglandin E2 receptor antagonist, did not affect the interleukin-1 beta-induced increase of plasma oxytocin levels, but almost completely abolished its effect on plasma vasopressin levels. These results suggest that under certain stressful conditions which accompany the stimulation of cytokine production, interleukin-1 is involved in the increase of plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels and, moreover, different kinds of prostaglandins are suggested to participate in these interleukin-1-induced hormone release.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparison between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and calf vascular resistance with head-up tilting in humans.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) to calf muscle and calf vascular resistance with head-up tilting in humans. In nine healthy volunteers, we performed simultaneous measurements of MSA using microneurography and calf vascular resistance using electrical impedance plethysmography in the same leg. The volunteers were laid on a tilt table and the examinations with head-up tilting (0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees) were performed. Corresponding to the increase in angles of head-up tilting, MSA and calf vascular resistance significantly increased. A statistically significant positive linear correlation was demonstrated between MSA and calf vascular resistance. These data suggest that impedance plethysmographic measurement of calf vascular resistance can be reliably used to assess the status of MSA with head-up tilting.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Mycological and clinical study of cryptococcosis in Yokohama City University Hospital during the period from 1965 to 1989].

Among patients examined at the Central Laboratory of Yokohama City University Hospital over the 25 years from 1965 to 1989, those whose clinical samples showed Cryptococcus were studied in greater detail. The following findings were obtained. Of 16 patients who were found to have cryptococcosis, 14 (87.5%) were treated at the department of internal medicine, and one each at the departments of neurosurgery and dermatology. A study of these patients in terms of clinical type revealed 10 patients (62.5%) with meningitis, two with pneumonia and one with sepsis. The remaining three patients had complicated diseases: meningitis with sepsis, pneumonia with cutaneous cryptococcosis, or pleuritis with sepsis. Underlying disease, including liver cirrhosis, leukemia, multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma and collagen disease, was found in 6 patients (37.5%), who were all from the department of internal medicine. All patients but one were given antimycotic agents. They were treated by a combination therapy except for three patients who received single amphotericin B (AMPH) therapy. The most frequent combination was AMPH + 5-flucytosine (5-FC), which was found in 7 cases. Seven patients (43.4%) died, three males and four females. Analysis of these cases in terms of clinical type revealed meningitis in four, and pneumonia, sepsis, or pleuritis complicated with sepsis in the remaining three patients. Four patients (57.1%) had underlying diseases. In addition, eleven strains isolated from the specimens were examined for serotypes and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using three types of antimycotic agents. Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans were all A and the MIC was 0.1-0.39 micrograms/ml for AMPH, 0.05-0.2 micrograms/ml for 5-FC and 0.2-0.78 micrograms/ml for miconazole (MCZ).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Crusted scabies in acquired selective IgA deficiency.

Crusted scabies, an unusual clinical variant of human scabies mite infestation, is usually reported in cases of gross debility, mental deficiency, or immunosuppression. We report here the occurrence of crusted scabies in a 40-year-old man with acquired selective IgA deficiency suspected to be caused by long-term medication with phenytoin for epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Simultaneous measurement of intestinal blood flow and plasma levels of vasoactive substances in a case of early dumping syndrome. Case report.

Increase in intestinal blood flow was observed in a patient with postprandial hypotension. Simultaneous measurement of hemodynamic parameters and plasma levels of gut hormones revealed that the release of various vasoactive substances and resulting vasodilation of abdominal organs were responsible for the vasomotor changes of early dumping syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Sympathetic nerve activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--analysis by microneurography].

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) was quantitatively analyzed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by using microneurography. Studies were conducted in 10 ALS patients (2 males, 8 females; mean age 56.4 SD 17.3 years; range 31-77 years). The duration of the disease after onset of symptoms was from 0.8 to 2.5 years. They were classified as a type of classical ALS having mild degree of bulbar signs, an ability to walk by themselves and no subjective breathing impairment. Control groups were selected from 16 healthy age-matched volunteers (8 males, 8 females; mean age 52.9, SD 15.5 years; range 29-76 years). MSA was recorded directly from peroneal nerve fascicles at the popliteal fossa by means of tungsten microelectrodes. The changes in MSA, blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed in the ALS groups and controls laid at recumbent and 30 degrees head-up tilted positions. The parasympathetic functions were evaluated by CVR-R and baroreflex latency. MSA bursts/minute, bursts/100 heart rate and total MSA at recumbent position were significantly higher (p less than 0.01), but their changes at 30 head-up tilted position were slightly lower in the ALS groups compared with the controls. Furthermore, a linear correlation between age of the subjects and MSA in the controls was not found in ALS groups. There were no differences between both groups in blood pressure and heart rate at the two positions. The parasympathetic function was normal in ALS groups. In ALS, sympathetic hyperfunction independent of cardiovascular systems was found especially at the recumbent position. These findings were considered specific to ALS, but the etiology was unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative analysis of platelet activating factor treated with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

To confirm that platelet activating factor (PAF) plays an important role as a mediator in acute inflammation and allergic reaction, it is necessary to develop a more sensitive and stable method for measuring trace amounts of PAF in various biological samples. For this reason, the authors have adapted gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/NICI-MS) (developed by Ramesha and Pickett in 1985) by employing an SPB-1 column and isobutane as the reagent gas. Furthermore, with this method the authors attempted an investigation of the time course of hexadecyl- and octadecyl-PAF production and release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) stimulated by Ca-ionophore A23187. PMNs were obtained from venous blood from a human donor by centrifugation and were stimulated by 5 microM of Ca-ionophore A23187. PAF was purified using a SEP-PAK silica column and thin layer chromatography, and then was hydrolyzed with phospholipase C. The extract was treated with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride. Using 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl (perdeuterated)-sn-phosphocholine) as an internal standard, the following results were obtained: The standard curve for this quantitative analysis was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 from 1 pg to 200 ng. The authors assumed that quantities as low as a few picograms of PAF could be measured by the method. The production of hexadecyl-PAF in the cell pellet peaked (8.1 +/- 1.34 ng/10(7) cells) at 2 min after stimulation and that in the supernatant peaked (6.3 +/- 0.97 ng/10(7) cells) at approximately 7 min after stimulation. Octadecyl-PAF could not be detected in this experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Benzoates↗
PubMed1991

[Adverse effects of branched chain amino acid transfusion on type-II citrullinemia--report of an adult case].

A 24-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, because two days before the admission he had abruptly lost consciousness following generalized convulsive seizures. He had a past history of transient amnesia and a favor for peanuts. His grandparents had a record of consanguinity. On admission, he was comatose and flaccid with his four extremities. Laboratory examination revealed the followings; mild degree of abnormal liver function, slight elevation of blood ammonia, irregular theta basic rhythm on EEG, marked brain edema on CT and a normal liver ultrasonography. From the second hospital day, in addition to antiepileptic drugs and adrenocorticosteroids, branched chain amino acid was administered to reactivate damaged brain functions. Thereafter, the concentration of blood ammonia increased to more than 3,000 micrograms/dl, and as a result he fell into status epilepticus. On the fourth hospital day, the levels of citrulline in the plasma and urine taken on the first hospital day were found to have increased by 20 and 100 times, respectively. Although the transfusion of branched chain amino acid was stopped, he died while in coma on the 12th hospital day. Enzymatic analyses of necropsied liver specimens revealed that the quantitative activity of argininosuccinate synthetase had decreased to less than 10% in his urea cycle. In this patient, it was noted that, after transfusion of branched chain amino acid, his brain activities turned worse and blood ammonia was markedly elevated. There is a possibility that intravenous administration of branched chain amino acid may interrupt the urea cycle balance in an adult patient of citrullinemia with dysfunction of the brain, kidney and muscle, especially with brain edema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Kearns-Sayre-Shy syndrome with abnormal signal intensity on MRI in cerebral white matter and brainstem].

A 42-year-old woman was admitted for complaining of gait disturbance lasting for 2 years. She had a past history of hearing loss and bilateral ocular ptosis since her age of 21 years. Neurological examinations revealed severe external ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and muscular weakness of neck and extremities, but no dementia. Laboratory examinations showed high level of serum CK and slight elevations of CSF protein, lactate and pyruvate. The QT interval on ECG was prolonged. The EEG finding was slightly abnormal. The neurogenic pattern on EMG was noted. Muscle biopsy was performed at the quadriceps muscle. Its specimens demonstrated mixed changes of muscular atrophy and ragged red fibers. From these findings, Kearns-Sayre-Shy syndrome was diagnosed. It was noted in this case that brain MRI (T2-weighted image) revealed bilateral diffuse high signal intensity areas on cerebral white matter and brainstem. It seems that the lesions of central nervous system may progress subclinically for many years in cases of KSS, as our case shows.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Does the pelvic nodes dissection for the rectal cancer patients make any contribution to the end-results of surgery?].

Extended pelvic nodes dissection (PND) was adopted to 182 curatively resected rectal cancer patients from 1978 to 1986 at Kinki University Hospital. All patients were diagnosed preoperatively that the depth of cancer invasion were the proper muscular layer or more. Dissected lymph nodes were examined in detail by the clearing method. Pelvic nodes involvement was found in 19 patients or 10.3% out of 182 with PND, and 5-year survival of 19 patients was 26.3%. All over 5-year survival of 182 patients with PND was 69.0% while 62.2% without PND before 1978. There was no significance in the rates of local recurrence between 13.2% with PND and 13.7% without PND. Urinary and sexual dysfunction was increased from 41% and 38% without PND to 66.7% and 88% with PND respectively. It is difficult to evaluate the meaning of PND in the rectal cancer surgery from this non-randomized study. As 80% of the pelvic nodes involvement, however, were found in the cancer with deeper penetration from the muscular layer (a2) and with the location of the middle or lower rectum, PND should be considered only to these two conditions.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of leukotriene C4 and D4 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients during remission.

We measured the amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 in the arterial blood of asthmatic patients during remission and compared these with the amounts of leukotrienes in the arterial blood of asthmatic patients during acute asthma, which had been reported in our previous study. Leukotriene C4 and D4 was detected in five patients during remission at 50.68 +/- 8.28 and 36.68 +/- 17.31 pg/mL (mean +/- SD), respectively. In five control subjects, the amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 were 78.22 +/- 34.65 and 55.06 +/- 13.54 pg/mL (mean +/- SD), respectively. As cited in our previous report, the amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients during acute asthma were 523.33 +/- 737.06 and 495 +/- 304.48 pg/mL. Hence, there were no significant differences in the leukotriene C4 and D4 values between asthmatic patients during remission and control subjects, whereas there was a significant difference in the leukotriene D4 values between asthmatic patients during acute asthma and, asthmatic patients during remission or control subjects (P less than .01). In addition, the leukotriene C4 values in asthmatic patients during acute asthma were larger than in asthmatic patients during remission or control subjects without a significant difference. The amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients may reflect the degree of severity of acute asthma.

Adult↗