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Biomedical subjects

K Shiomi

Publications and source records attributed to K Shiomi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Emergent coronary artery bypass grafting using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support in a patient with a quadricuspid aortic valve; report of a case].

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for acute myocardial infarction. A cardiac catheter study showed 3 vessels coronary disease. He was treated by percutaneous coronary intervention for a left anterior descending arterial (LAD) lesion. Unfortunately, cardiac tamponade following stenting for LAD was complicated. A percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system was commenced along with an emergent coronary artery bypass grafting to the LAD and obtuse marginal branch. A quadricuspid aortic valve was discovered by an aortotomy and identified as Hurwitz-Roberts classification type b. Blood from the left coronary main trunk had already stopped. Intraaortic balloon pumping was instituted while weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and all bypass grafts were sufficient. He was well 1 year after the operation.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed2003

Purification, reactivity with IgE and cDNA cloning of parvalbumin as the major allergen of mackerels.

Three species of mackerels (Scomber japonicus, S. australasicus and S. scombrus) are widely consumed and considered to be most frequently involved in incidents of IgE-mediated fish allergy in Japan. In this study, parvalbumin, a possible candidate for the major allergen, was purified from the white muscle of three species of mackerels by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and reverse-phase HPLC on TSKgel ODS-120T. All the purified preparations from three species gave a single band of about 11 kDa and were clearly identified as parvalbumins by analyses of their partial amino acid sequences. In ELISA experiments, four of five sera from fish-allergic patients reacted to all the purified parvalbumins, demonstrating that parvalbumin is the major allergen in common with the mackerels. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the mackerel parvalbumins was also established by ELISA inhibition experiments. A cDNA library was constructed from the white muscle of S. japonicus and the cDNA encoding parvalbumin was cloned. The amino acid sequence translated from the nucleotide sequence revealed that the S. japonicus parvalbumin is composed of 108 residues, being a member of beta-type parvalbumins.

Allergens↗
PubMed2003

Purification and characterization of an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli.

An antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) was purified by lectin affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and gel filtration on TSKgel G3000SW. The antibacterial protein featured the high molecular mass and selective action against Gram-negative bacteria. The molecular mass of the protein was estimated to be approximately 150 kDa in gel filtration and approximately 75 kDa by SDS-PAGE, suggesting that it is dimeric. The antibacterial principle was an acidic glycoprotein with pI 4.5, 3.4% reducing sugar and 2.8% amino sugar. Its sugar chains had N-type (high mannose-type) oligosaccharide and sialic acid components. It inhibited strongly the growth of Aeromonas salmonicida, Photobacterium damselae and Shewanella putrefaciens with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of approximately 3 microg/ml, and moderately the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila with a MIC of 12.5 microg/ml and 25 microg/ml, respectively. The values of the minimum bactericidal concentration were almost equivalent to those of MIC. The potent sensitivity against virulent pathogens such as A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida and P. damselae may contribute considerably to the innate host defense mechanism to combat microbes on the mucosal surfaces of the rockfish.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Total synthesis of nafuredin, a selective NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitor.

[structure: see text] Total synthesis of nafuredin, a selective NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitor, has been accomplished by a convergent approach. The C1-C8 and C9-C18 segments were derived efficiently from D-glucose and (S)-(-)-2-methyl-1-butanol, respectively, coupled by stereoselective Julia olefination, and converted to nafuredin.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed2001

A convenient preparation of 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propynylamines and their Lewis acid catalyzed reaction with carbonyl compounds leading to (z)-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)-alpha,beta-unsaturated amides.

N,N-Dialkyl(3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propynyl)amines were readily prepared by a three-step procedure starting from commercially available 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol. These fluorinated alkynylamines reacted smoothly with a variety of aldehydes or ketones in the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis acid and molecular sieves 4A at ambient temperature to produce the corresponding alpha-(trifluoromethyl)-alpha,beta-unsaturated amides in good to excellent yields with high Z-stereoselectivity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

An anthelmintic compound, nafuredin, shows selective inhibition of complex I in helminth mitochondria.

Infections with parasitic helminths are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. New drugs that are parasite specific and minimally toxic to the host are needed to counter these infections effectively. Here we report the finding of a previously unidentified compound, nafuredin, from Aspergillus niger. Nafuredin inhibits NADH-fumarate reductase (complexes I + II) activity, a unique anaerobic electron transport system in helminth mitochondria, at nM order. It competes for the quinone-binding site in complex I and shows high selective toxicity to the helminth enzyme. Moreover, nafuredin exerts anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus in in vivo trials with sheep. Thus, our study indicates that mitochondrial complex I is a promising target for chemotherapy, and nafuredin is a potential lead compound as an anthelmintic isolated from microorganisms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Purification and properties of a proteinaceous toxin from the brackishwater clam (Corbicula japonica).

Water extracts from the brackishwater clam (Corbicula japonica) are lethal to mice upon i.v. injection. Further mouse assays confirmed that the toxicity exhibits a regional variation but no seasonal or sexual variations. The C. japonica toxin was purified from foot muscle, the most toxic tissue, successively by hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, hydrophobic FPLC on Phenyl Superose and cation-exchange FPLC on Mono S. The purified toxin had an i.v. LD50 of 11 microg/kg against mice. It was a weakly basic protein (pI 7.7) with a mol. wt of 23,000 and was rich in Gly, Glx and Asx but devoid of Met. Analysis of the purified toxin by a protein sequencer afforded no N-terminal amino acid. In addition to C. japonica, two species of freshwater clams belonging to the genus Corbicula, C. leana and C. sandai, were newly found to be toxic, although much less potent than C. japonica. Despite the difference in anatomical distribution of toxins among the three species of Corbicula clams, both C. leana and C. sandai toxins were closely similar in stability and mol. wt to the C. japonica toxin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Eph signalling functions downstream of Val to regulate cell sorting and boundary formation in the caudal hindbrain.

Rhombomeres are segmental units of the developing vertebrate hindbrain that underlie the reiterated organisation of cranial neural crest migration and neuronal differentiation. valentino (val), a zebrafish homologue of the mouse bzip transcription factor-encoding gene, kreisler, is required for segment boundary formation caudal to rhombomere 4 (r4). val is normally expressed in r5/6 and is required for cells to contribute to this region. In val(-) mutants, rX, a region one rhombomere in length and of mixed identity, lies between r4 and r7. While a number of genes involved in establishing rhombomeric identity are known, it is still largely unclear how segmental integrity is established and boundaries are formed. Members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, are candidates for functioning in rhombomere boundary formation. Indeed, expression of the receptor ephB4a coincides with val in r5/6, whilst ephrin-B2a, which encodes a ligand for EphB4a, is expressed in r4 and r7, complementary to the domain of val expression. Here we show that in val(-) embryos, ephB4a expression is downregulated and ephrin-B2a expression is upregulated between r4 and r7, indicating that Val is normally required to establish the mutually exclusive expression domains of these two genes. We show that juxtaposition of ephB4a-expressing cells and ephrin-B2a-expressing cells in the hindbrain leads to boundary formation. Loss of the normal spatial regulation of eph/ephrin expression in val mutants correlates not only with absence of boundaries but also with the inability of mutant cells to contribute to wild-type r5/6. Using a genetic mosaic approach, we show that spatially inappropriate Eph signalling underlies the repulsion of val(-) cells from r5/6. We propose that Val controls eph expression and that interactions between EphB4a and Ephrin-B2a mediate cell sorting and boundary formation in the segmenting caudal hindbrain.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Identification of collagen as a new fish allergen.

This study was intended to identify a high molecular weight allergen that had been detected in fish. Analyses by ELISA of five protein fractions prepared from bigeye tuna muscle showed that the high molecular weight allergen was contained in the myostromal protein fraction. Based on the results of SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and amino acid analysis of the myostromal protein fraction, the high molecular weight allergen was judged to be collagen. Five of the eight patient sera used were found to react to the bigeye tuna collagen. In competitive ELISA inhibition experiments, the bigeye tuna collagen almost completely inhibited the IgE reactivity to the heated extracts from five species of fish, suggesting that collagen is commonly allergic regardless of fish species. However, no antigenic cross-reactivity was observed between collagens from fish and other animals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Development of severe longitudinal atrophy of thoracic spinal cord following lupus-related myelitis.

A 26-year-old woman suffered from acute myelitis at Th 6 level associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy, intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin administration and plasmapheresis were not effective. Her neurological signs had persisted in spite of subsequent administration of oral prednisolone and azathiopurine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spinal cord at the onset showed a marked swelling with intramedullary high intensity signals on T2WI along the whole thoracic cord. Three years later, MRI demonstrated a severe longitudinal and segmental atrophy of the mid to low thoracic cord which resulted in transverse spinal signs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Potent antimalarial activities of polyether antibiotic, X-206.

In the course of our screening program to discover antimalarial antibiotics, which are active against drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and rodents infected with P. berghei in vivo, from the culture broth of microorganisms, we found a selective and potent active substance produced by an actinomycete strain K99-0413. It was identified as a known polyether antibiotic, X-206. We also compared the in vitro antimalarial activities and cytotoxicities of 12 known polyethers with X-206. Among them, X-206 showed the most selective and potent inhibitory effect against both drug resistant and sensitive strains of P. falciparum. Comparison of biological activities and ion-affinities of the above antibiotics suggests that monovalent cations play an important biological role for the intracellular growth of P. falciparum in parasitized erythrocytes. Moreover, X-206 showed potent in vivo antimalarial activity on the rodent model, though the therapeutic window was narrow compared with its selective toxicity in vitro. These observations are the first report of antimalarial activity of X-206.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2001

[Two cases of visceral larva migrans due to Ascaris suum showing a migratory nodular shadow].

The number of cases of visceral larva migrans caused by the pig ascarid, Ascaris suum has recently been increasing. We have encountered two cases of visceral larva migrans due to A. suum with a nodular shadow on the chest radiograph and eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. Patient 1 was a 26-year-old man who had been admitted to our hospital for an elective minor operation. His chest radiology and chest computed tomography revealed a nodule in the left lung field. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts and serum IgE values were elevated. Radiological abnormality disappeared without treatment. Patient 2 was a 57-year-old man who had been admitted to our hospital because of a migratory nodule on chest radiography and eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. The diagnosis of visceral larva migrans caused by A. suum was made because the serum of both patients was positive for an antibody against A. suum. Patient 1 and patient 2 were accustomed to eating the raw flesh of wild boar and deer, and of chicken and turkey, respectively. Treatment with albentazole was effective in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Magnetic Effects on Alkylammonium Chloride Solutions Investigated by Interfacial Tension Measurements at the Mercury/Solution Interface.

The effects of magnetic exposure on several kinds of alkylammonium chloride solutions were investigated using interfacial tension measurements at the mercury/solution interface. The comparison between the electrocapillary curves of magnetized and nonmagnetized solutions revealed that magnetic exposure induced an increase in interfacial tension, and that such an effect was remarkable at around the potential of zero charge. The appearance of the magnetic effect depended on the specific adsorbability of alkylammonium cations, which in turn depended on the kind of cations. The interfacial tension change induced by magnetic exposure quantitatively correlated with the specific adsorbability of the cations. These results indicated that the magnetism induced an effect on the solution of alkylammonium cations having higher specific adsorbabilities. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Two novel mutations in the adrenoleukodystrophy gene in two unrelated Japanese families and the long-term effect of bone marrow transplantation.

We identified two novel missense mutations in exon 1 of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) gene in two unrelated Japanese families. The first, G(874)C transition results in Arg(163)Pro substitution in the cytoplasmic domain of the ALD protein in adrenomyeloneuropathy family. The second, C(679)G results in Ser(98)Trp substitution in the first transmembrane loop in childhood onset cerebral ALD family. Both mutations cause the substitution of polar amino acid (arginine and serine) with non-polar amino acid (proline and tryptophan). Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from his non-affected his younger sister was performed on a boy with childhood onset cerebral ALD who showed neurological deficit and brain MRI abnormalities. We evaluated the effect of BMT over a 6-year period in terms of neurological deficit, the level of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in plasma and fibroblasts, and brain MRI. After BMT, patient's peripheral white blood cells were replaced by donor's XX ones carrying a normal ALD gene confirmed by in situ hybridization using satellite DNA of the centromere of X and Y chromosomes as probes and the level of VLCFA in lymphocytes was within normal limit. However, his neurological state progressively deteriorated. BMT was not beneficial to him.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed2000

Isolation and structures of grammistins, peptide toxins from the skin secretion of the soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus.

Two peptide toxins (named grammistins Gs 1 and Gs 2) with hemolytic and ichthyotoxic activities were isolated from the skin secretion of the soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus. Grammistin Gs 2 showed 6-11 x higher hemolytic activity and 10x higher ichthyotoxicity than grammistin Gs 1. The complete amino acid sequences of Gs 1 comprising 25 residues and Gs 2 comprising 24 residues were determined. Although a search by the database failed to find any homologous toxins from other sources, the grammistins were similar in secondary structures as well as biological activities to the two classes of peptide toxins, melittin from the bee venom and pardaxins from the skin secretion of two species of soles. CD experiments and helical wheel projections showed that the grammistins were randomly coiled in distilled water but formed amphiphilic alpha-helices in the presence of SDS micelles. In addition, they were found to be surface seeking peptides by the Eisenberg plot and assumed to exist as aggregates of 3-4 molecules. Interestingly, grammistin Gs 2 is much more abundant in amphiphilic alpha-helices and much higher in biological activities than melittin and pardaxins as well as grammistin Cs 1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Structure of the VAP-peptide (BmACP-6.7) gene in the silkworm, Bombyx mori and a possible regulation of its expression by BmFTZ-F1.

The VAP-peptide (BmACP-6.7) is a hydrophobic peptide localized in adult cuticle of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We isolated and characterized the VAP-peptide gene as a useful marker gene to analyze molecular mechanisms of terminal differentiation processes in the adult. The gene is composed of two exons interrupted by one intron. The 5' upstream promoter region is shown to bear a nucleotide sequence similar to the cis-element that is recognized and bound by the Bombyx mori FTZ-F1 protein (BmFTZ-F1). Expression of the BmFTZ-F1 gene preceded expression of the VAP-peptide gene and injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone suppressed the expression of both genes. An in vitro binding assay indicated direct interaction of BmFTZ-F1 with the VAP-peptide gene promoter sequence. Therefore, BmFTZ-F1 is proposed to be a possible factor regulating the stage-specific expression of the VAP-peptide gene towards adult life.

Amino Acid Sequence↗