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Biomedical subjects

K Sjögren

Publications and source records attributed to K Sjögren.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Toothpaste technique. Studies on fluoride delivery and caries prevention.

The aim of the investigations was to evaluate the cariostatic effects of a modified toothpaste technique using fluoride (F) toothpaste. The modification consisted of an active mouthrinse with the toothpaste slurry and a sip of water for one minute after brushing. Toothpaste technique and salivary F concentration after toothbrushing were recorded in a caries active and a caries inactive group. The level of F in whole saliva, the concentration of F in plasma, the effect on demineralised enamel and dentine samples, and the accumulation of F in interdental plaque when using the modified toothpaste technique were studied. In a 3-year clinical trial, 4-year old children were trained in the toothpaste technique. The results showed that in the caries active group, the water rinsing was more thorough and more water was used compared to a caries inactive group. Rinsing with water and eating immediately after toothbrushing decreased the F level in whole saliva. Mouthrinsing with either a NaF solution or a slurry of toothpaste foam and water increased the F concentration in saliva compared to when a single or double water rinse was performed. The degree of F absorption in plasma, the accumulation of F in approximal plaque and the interdental clearance after toothbrushing were strongly related to the mode of water rinsing. The degree of demineralisation of enamel and dentine at approximal sites was also related to the mode of water rinsing. The clinical study showed that the cariostatic effect of the modified toothpaste technique resulted in 26% less approximal caries in the test group. It is concluded that a toothpaste technique where a slurry rinse was carried out after brushing increased the efficacy of F toothpaste.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Small animal imaging with pinhole single-photon emission computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: High resolution spatial details of the distribution of activity in three dimensions is required to evaluate the localization and dosimetric properties of radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in tumors and normal tissues. Planar imaging of small animals with a resolution of 5-10 mm is usually the imaging modality of choice. The authors investigated high resolution single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging, based on a rotating pinhole scintillation camera. Although the sensitivity of the pinhole collimator is low, several radionuclides offer suitable decay properties to perform pinhole SPECT, especially in conjunction with high activity levels used in radioimmunotherapy. METHODS: Transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections were reconstructed using a three-dimensional cone-beam algorithm, which is a generalization of the two-dimensional fan-beam filtered backprojection algorithm. Before reconstruction, the pinhole projections were corrected for the decay of the radionuclide, geometric and intrinsic efficiency variations of the camera system, and center of rotation shift. RESULTS: The spatial resolution at 50 mm from the pinhole collimator with 3.3 mm aperture was 3.4 mm, and the sensitivity 7.2 c/s microCi for technetium-99m. With the 2 mm collimator the resolution was 2.2 mm, and the sensitivity was 2.6 c/s/microCi. To show the spatial resolution in vivo, a rat was injected with 185 MBq of technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate or with 5 mCi technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime. The bone structures were well delineated in the methylene diphosphonate image, and in the hexamethylpropylene amine oxime image, the brain was nicely shown. For comparison a magnetic resonance image for the same section was done. CONCLUSIONS: High resolution SPECT imaging with the pinhole collimator provides mapping of the activity in three-dimensions, needed for more detailed biodistribution data and to perform more accurate dosimetry.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Association of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Sweden with HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles.

The association of MS with HLA class II alleles was studied by PCR-based typing of the DQA1, DQB1, DRB1, and DPB1 loci in 94 Swedish patients with relapses and remissions of the disease. The haplotype DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 was found to be positively associated and three haplotypes were found to be negatively associated with MS. Linkage disequilibrium makes it difficult to assess whether DRB1 or DQB1 plays the primary role in the disease association, while the association with DPB1 and DQA1 appears to be secondary to that of DQB1 and DRB1. Two of the three haplotypes negatively associated with MS carry the DQB1*0301 allele. Also, the negatively associated DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0301 haplotype differs from those with nonassociated DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotype only at DQB1. These results suggest that DQB1 alleles, as well as some DRB1 alleles, are involved in susceptibility and protection to MS. In searching for sequence motifs in the DR beta chain associated with MS susceptibility, all DRB1 alleles on haplotypes positively associated with MS, including the DRB1*1501, were found to encode a Val at position 86 of the DR beta chain. Also, DRB1 alleles that are negatively associated with MS all encode a Gly at position 86, suggesting that the residue at position 86 may be critical in conferring susceptibility and protection to MS. Finally, when the effect of the DRB1*1501 haplotype was removed there was no support for the hypothesis that MS is associated with a putative DQ-alpha beta heterodimer, encoded for by certain DQA1 and DQB1 alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Effect of various post-brushing activities on salivary fluoride concentration after toothbrushing with a sodium fluoride dentifrice.

The study consisted of eight experiments, divided into three series, aimed at investigating the effect on the salivary fluoride (F) concentration of three post-brushing regimes: (1) rinsing once or twice with water, (2) rinsing either with a slurry of the toothpaste foam and water or with an 0.05% NaF solution, or a single NaF mouthrinse with no prior brushing, and (3) chewing and drinking ('eating') for 2 min. Brushing was done with 1.5 g of an 0.32% NaF dentifrice. The concentration of F in whole saliva was determined in 15 subjects at various time points up to 45 min after completing each experimental procedure. Results showed that the initial (0 min post-brushing) F concentration in saliva decreased about 1-2 times after a single, and 4-5 times after a double post-brushing water-rinse, as compared with no rinsing at all (p < 0.001). Brushing followed by a mouthrinse with an 0.05% NaF solution elevated the F concentration more than brushing alone (p < 0.001). Rinsing with the slurry of toothpaste foam and water gave only a somewhat (but not significantly) lower concentration of F in saliva than just rinsing with the 0.05% NaF solution. Eating immediately after brushing reduced the salivary F level about 12-15 times (p < 0.001) compared with brushing alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of water rinsing after toothbrushing on fluoride ingestion and absorption.

This investigation was done to determine the bioavailability of fluoride (F) after toothbrushing associated with different water rinsing procedures. Eight adult subjects participated in four experiments, conducted with a randomised, crossover design: (A) 2 min brushing with an F dentifrice, followed by three quick (3 x 2 s) rinses, each with 10 ml of water; (B) brushing as in A followed by one long-lasting (1 min) rinse with 5 ml of water combined with the toothpaste-saliva mixture; (C) brushing as in A followed by expectoration but without any water rinse afterwards; and (D) ingestion of the toothpaste as a slurry with 100 ml of de-ionized water. Blood samples were collected before and frequently for 6 h after each experiment and analyzed for F content. The area under the plasma F concentration vs. time curves (AUC) was calculated and the degree of F absorption estimated. AUC values obtained in experiment D were assumed to represent 100% F bioavailability. The plasma values recorded during experiment A were not significantly greater than the baseline values, indicating almost no F absorption when 3 quick water rinses were performed after toothbrushing. The degrees of F absorption after one long-lasting water rinse (B) were 7.6 +/- 4.2% and with no water rinse after toothbrushing (C) 23.8 +/- 13.5%, respectively. The results showed that the degree of F absorption after toothbrushing using an F toothpaste is strongly related to the mode of water rinsing.

Absorption↗
PubMed1993

Salivary fluoride clearance after a single intake of fluoride tablets and chewing gums in children, adults, and dry mouth patients.

The aim of the present investigation was to compare the clearance pattern in saliva and the salivary stimulating effect of a new fluoride (F) chewing gum (Fluorette) with three other F products used in Scandinavia for many years for caries prevention. Concentration of F was determined in whole saliva in three groups of subjects: 1) children, 10-12 yr of age (n = 20), 2) adults (n = 20), and 3) dry mouth patients (n = 15), after a single intake of the two tablets, Dentan and Fludent, and the two chewing gums, Fluomin and Fluorette, all containing 0.25 mg F as NaF. Sucking was allowed until the tablets had been completely dissolved in the mouth. The chewing gums were used for 15 min. Saliva samples were collected from subjects expectorating 0.3-0.5 ml at nine different time intervals up to 45 min after the intake. There were some significant differences in the maximum F concentration, the area under the salivary fluoride concentration curve (AUC) when plotted against time, and the salivary stimulating effect among the four products, but as a whole they were small and probably of minor clinical importance. Among the various groups, the dry mouth patients showed the highest salivary F concentration. Thus, the main conclusion from this study is that the F tablets and chewing gums studied, including the new product Fluorette, had approximately the same clearance pattern in saliva and the same salivary stimulating effect. However, there were great variations among the different subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Factors related to fluoride retention after toothbrushing and possible connection to caries activity.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the brushing and toothpaste technique employed by caries-active and caries-inactive patients in a toothbrushing population. The study consisted of 47 patients at a public dental clinic in the County of Bohuslän, Sweden; 23 with low (group L) and 24 with high caries activity (group H). They were asked to brush their teeth with a fluoride dentifrice at the clinic using an identical technique to that which they employed at home. Various factors, such as brushing time, amount of dentifrice, water consumption and mouthrinsing habits after brushing, were carefully registered. Saliva samples for fluoride analyses were collected up to 45 min after brushing. The members of group L used less rinsing water (0.7 +/- 0.6 dl; mean +/- SD) than those of group H (1.9 +/- 1.0 dl, p < 0.001). Comparing the mouthrinsings with water after the brushing, a significantly higher frequency was observed in group H (3.6 +/- 1.9 rinsings) than in group L (1.5 +/- 0.7 rinsings; p < 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups regarding the amount of dentifrice used and the total brushing time. When the salivary fluoride concentration was plotted vs. time and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated, a significantly higher mean value was found in group L than in group H (p < 0.01). Calculation of the correlation coefficient (r) between the AUC value and the amount of water used gave r = 0.53 (p < 0.001) and between the AUC and the frequency of mouthrinsing r = 0.46 (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A vaginal temperature registration system.

A radiotelemetric method for measurements of vaginal temperature in the home milieu is presented. Registrations from two subjects show that vaginal temperatures vary up to and about 1 degree C nighttime. Initially, on going to bed, vaginal temperature drops. A further distinct drop occurs with any kind of experienced sexual arousal, reaching a minimum when and if orgasm is achieved. At rest, vaginal temperature varies rather regularly and in concurrence with rectal temperature throughout the night. The initial temperature drop may be caused by decrease in blood flow, whether determined by metabolic or by postural factors. Temperature variations of the resting vagina may be concomitant with other circadian temperature rhythmic variations, while the temperature decrease during sexual arousal may be caused by vaginal wall edema and/or possibly by change of position of the uterus. The main point of the investigation is methodological: it is felt that the method can provide clinicians and researchers with a tool by which important vaginal physiologic events can be measured under somewhat more optimalized circumstances than those offered by the laboratory milieu.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sexual function in prostatic cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, orchiectomy or oestrogens.

Sexual function in prostatic carcinoma patients was studied in 12 patients from each of three treatment groups: radiotherapy, orchiectomy and oestrogen treatment. Significant deterioration occurred in all groups. Although erectile potency was preserved in 9 of 12 patients treated with radiotherapy, 7 of these had a marked reduction in the frequency of sexual activity. Men subjected to orchiectomy or oestrogen treatment were seldom capable of having intercourse or of experiencing orgasm. However, oestrogen-treated men continued sexual activity with their partner more often than orchiectomised subjects. Patients receiving oestrogen treatment scored significantly higher for mental depression than those in the other two treatment groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Some factors influencing quality of sexual life after myocardial infarction.

In 49 male survivors of one myocardial infarction (MI) aspects of sexual function before and after the vascular catastrophe were investigated by means of structured interviews. In additionally 13 subjects penile blood pressure and flow were measured. In 63% of the subjects sexual function had deteriorated to some extent after the MI. The level of general sexual satisfaction decreased in 45%, and changes were associated with changes in sexual function. Stigmatization was associated with sexual dysfunctions. The findings indicate that both biologic and psychosocial factors are influential on the emergence of sexual dysfunction and, therefore, frustration.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1983

Sexuality of health care students.

In 283 students in various branches of the health profession commonly involved in physical medicine and rehabilitation, experiences of sexual life were investigated together with parameters of sexual function and of sexual performance-orientation. The findings were related to attitudes towards sexuality of disabled subjects. Results indicate that sexual performance-orientation, frustration and dysfunction are common features for the students. Sexual performance-orientation was associated with alienation towards the sexuality and the sexual counselling needs of the disabled. It is therefore recommended that the curriculae of these students should include sexual education and possibilities for sexual counselling.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The sexual experience in younger males with complete spinal cord injury.

Aspects of sexual life before and after spinal cord injury were studied in 21 younger males by means of structured interviews. Principle findings are that in spite of severe genito-sexual dysfunctions the majority continued having intercourse and about half felt orgasmic. Sexuality maintained its pre-injury significance for nearly all subjects, and most characterized their sexual lives as at least to some extent satisfactory. Loco-motor impairment and autonomous dysreflexia were more frequently given as causes of reduced sexual pleasure than were sexual dysfunctions. High spinal cord severance and lack of regular partner were negative factors for continuation of satisfying sexual experiences. Thus, genital sexual dysfunction is but one factor determining level of sexual satisfaction after a spinal cord trauma as many younger tetra- and paraplegics appear to be able to identify new and gratifying ways of sexual fulfillment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sexuality after stroke with hemiplegia. I. Aspects of sexual function.

In a consecutive series of 51 one-stroke hemiplegics some aspects of sexuality were investigated using structured interviews. Findings were related to treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs. In most subjects the site of brain lesion was visualized by X-ray methods. Moreover, in a sub-sample of 15 consecutive males LH, FSH and prolactin were assessed using standard clinical radioimmunoassay techniques. Serum testosterone including response to HCG-stimulation was also measured. Both in males and females frequency of intercourse and durations of foreplay and of intercourse were markedly reduced. For the males erectile problems were rare before but occurred for the majority after stroke. For the females, but not for the males, orgastic dysfunction was relatively common pre-stroke. After the stroke such dysfunction occurred for 75% of the females and 64% of the males. Partnership sexual drive also decreased. Each of the 15 males hormonally screened had values within the predicted normal and responses to HCG-stimulation were also adequate. Moreover, actual levels of hormones were associated neither with change in sexual function nor with the sexual function per se at the time of the investigation. Thus, in this sample hormonal disarrangement did not appear to be the cause of sexual dysfunction. Surprisingly, no association between erectile dysfunction and use of anti-hypertensive drugs occurred. We believe that sexual dysfunctions in hemiplegics may rather be explained in terms of coping than by endocrine deficits or by anti-hypertensive treatment.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Sexuality after stroke with hemiplegia. II. With special regard to partnership adjustment and to fulfilment.

Aspects of sexual function, partnership responsiveness and fulfilment after stroke were, together with sexually performance orientated and stigmatic attitudes, investigated in 51 subjects. Erectile and orgastic spectatoring were frequent after stroke and were in the males significantly associated. Retarded ejaculation occurred for no males before but for 15% after the stroke. Marked decreases in different kinds of caressive behaviour were followed by discontentment and up to and about half the subjects felt that sexual partnership responsiveness had deteriorated. After the stroke the commonly occurring reduction in general sexual satisfaction was significantly associated with symptoms of increased sexual dysfunction, disturbed partnership responsiveness and reduced sexual fulfilment. The high prevalence of sexual maladjustment in stroke victims appears mostly to be psychogenic. Important precipitating factors are performance orientation and sexual stigmatism. Moreover, lack of sexual information and counselling may contribute to deterioration of partnership sexuality.

Attitude↗
PubMed1982

Adjustment to life after stroke with special reference to sexual intercourse and leisure.

Changes in frequency of sexual intercourse and of leisure activities were related to degree of physical impairment and levels of dependence in primary and secondary ADL in 110 subjects with one stroke. About 75% of the subjects reduced their frequency or ceased having intercourse and active leisure. While changes in frequency of intercourse were temporally independent, changes in leisure activities were less pronounced for subjects examined later than 12 months after the stroke than for those investigated earlier. For intercourse, primarily ADL-dependence and impaired cutaneous sensibility were major negative determinants. Moreover, subjects with previously known arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction or diabetes mellitus had changed relatively less than those without these ailments, probably due to pre-stroke reductions. It is suggested that the marked changes in sexual and leisure activities are accomplished by unsuccessful coping with the vascular catastrophe and its sequelae. Aspects of coping problems, primarily the disease-related, but also those of intra- and inter-personal nature are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Leisure after stroke.

Leisure activities and satisfaction derived from leisure activities were investigated together with feelings of stigma and of depression in 51 first-stroke married/cohabitating hemiplegics (males (n: 39) mean age 54 +/- 9; females (n: 12) mean age 50 +/- 12). Leisure goals appeared to mirror traditional gender roles; males having more outdoor and straining leisure activities. For the majority, number and frequency of active leisure participation decreased after stroke and they became passively discontented. This was the case for outdoor and indoor activities as well as for activities characterized by social interaction and entertainment. Mutual and non-mutual partnership of leisure activities occurred for those investigated within a year after stroke. Dissatisfaction also followed increased, passive, time together with spouse. Stigmatism was common (about 50 per cent) during the first year post-stroke, while depression was most common (65 per cent) between 7 and 12 months after stroke. The findings are discussed in terms of physical (disease-related) resources, geographical circumstances and psychological adaptation in its temporal context.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1982

Site of brain lesion and functional capacity in rehabilitated hemiplegics.

Degree of motor impairment, some sensory qualities and self-care ADL were registered in 53 patients with hemisyndrome due to stroke in whom the brain lesion could be visualized by computerized tomography or by cerebral angiography. Central brain damage (internal capsule, basal ganglia, thalamus) resulted in significantly higher degree of motor impairment than neo-cortical damage, while the size of the damage apparently did not influence the motor-function. Self-care ADL was significantly associated with level of motor impairment. Moreover, significantly less final recovery of exteroception and kinesthesia was observed for lesions in the non-dominant than the dominant hemisphere. It is suggested that in patients found suited for admittance to rehabilitation wards visualization of the brain damage may be a useful adjunct when stating the goals for the rehabilitation process.

Activities of Daily Living↗