Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Slusarczyk.
Using physiological function of lymphatic vessels and nodes and also a fact that they are a frequent place of spreading of diseases, there are attempts of endolymphatic therapy--it means drug infusions into lymphatic vessels for the purpose of penetrate lymphatic nodes engaged by disease. There are more and more attempts of using the cytostatics placed in liposomes in endolymphatic.
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In 36 rats selective blockade of lymphatics from the ovary, uterine tube, and uterus were made. Histological study of the left renal lymph node was performed after 1, 14, and 90 days. After ligation of afferent lymphatics, the renal lymph node showed widened medullary sinuses with many blood corpuscles, increasing density of deep cortex, and medullary cords. There is no physiological compartment for ligated afferent lymphatics.
In 60 female rats histological structure of the left multiorgan renal lymph node was investigated after 4, 7, 14, and 28 days after selective blockade of the afferent renal lymphatics or nephrectomy. In experimental animals the renal lymph node showed changes in color and contained less macrophages with hemosiderine in comparison to control animals.
Studies were carried out on 190 adult Wistar rats. The size and number of both left and right renal lymph nodes were studied. Observations were made under stereomicroscope. The analysis of renal lymph node variability was based on lymph nodal physiological compartments hypothesis. It was found that in the Wistar rats the variability of the renal lymph nodes is related to sex and the side of the body. In majority of rats, both males and females, the left renal lymph nodes were single and less variable than the right ones.
For lack of literature data studies of disturbed lymph outflow on pregnancy and foetus development in rats were accomplished. The studies were carried out on matured female inbred Wistar rats. In experimental group a mechanical insufficiency of lymph outflow from pregnant uterus was performed by means of ligature of lymphatics and excision of regional lymph nodes (i.e. lumbar, sacral and renal lymph nodes). The control groups were sham-operated and normal pregnant animals. Surgical procedures were performed at first day of pregnancy (determined by means of spermatozoa presence in vaginal smears). Animal were examined on 7th and 17th day of pregnancy and at delivery. The results from sham-operated group were identical with normal pregnant animals. In experimental group of 17th day of pregnancy was a lower number of foetuses, greater total number of resorption places, lower mean weight of placenta and foetus, higher mean placental-foetal ratio and longer duration of pregnancy compared with control groups. In delivery group it was obtained a lower mean weight of a new-born rat than in control group. The difference between values obtained in experimental group and values obtained in control group had a statistical significance. The estimation of obtained results allowed to draw a conclusion: the mechanical insufficiency of lymph outflow from uterus can has a negative influence for course of pregnancy and development of foetus in rats.
The production rate and flow of the lymph in mesenteric lymph vessels under normal conditions and after horizontal vibration of 5 Hz frequency and 20 mm amplitude were measured by means of intravital, intravenous injection of trypan blue water solution. The investigations were carried out on 66 Wistar rats of both sexes. It was found, that 3 and 7-hour vibration and everyday 7-hour vibration applied during a week result in the acceleration of lymph flow, whereas 3- and 4-week vibrations result in reduction of production and flow of the lymph. In all cases the lymph flow speed becomes normal after one day break. The results obtained show that low frequency vibration causes reversible functional changes in small intestine lymphatic system. These changes more probably result from hemodynamic disturbances. The applied vibration parameters did not cause any perceptible morphological changes in the lymphatic system.
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Macro- and microscopic structure of hemolymph splenic nodes after ligature of spleen neurovascular pedicle was evaluated in 12 Wistar rats. The results obtained were compared with the nodes of the control group. It was found that spleen neurovascular pedicle ligation without removing the organ from abdominal cavity results in the enlargement of examined nodes and a change in their color intensity. Histological examination revealed considerable increase in erythroid elements filling mainly the medullary part of the node. The spleen underwent total atrophy. Retrogressive changes, typical for single-organ nodes were not observed. Non-hemolymph mesenteric nodes did not show any macroscopic compensatory changes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 12 Wistar rats the gross and microscopic structure of haemolymph splenic nodes was assessed after splenectomy and the obtained results were compared with those in the control group. RESULTS: It was found that splenectomy leads to generalised morphological changes of the mentioned nodes, including, among other, their blanching, enlargement, filling with a greater number of morphotic elements and decreased count of erythrocytes and products of their disintegration. The splenic nodes demonstrated no regressive changes, typical of uniorgan nodes. The remaining abdominal non-haemolymph nodes in the rats showed no compensatory changes on gross examination after splenectomy.
In the study, nodi limphatici pancreaticolienales obtained from 10 cadavers aged 30-70 years were analyzed. The death causes were other than proliferative diseases of lymphatic and hemopoietic systems, or gastrointestinal tract diseases. After fixation in Bouin fluid, dehydration and embedding in paraffin, 10 microns sections were prepared and subsequently stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Additionally, hemosiderin reaction was performed on specimens from each analysed node. Positive hemosiderin reaction was found in none of the specimens. Certain theoretical aspects relating to hemolymph nodes were also presented in the paper. The authors conclude that there are no hemolymph nodes in the proximity of human splenic vessels.
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The authors have presented the less known CSF alternative pathways. Besides the CSF absorption into blood vessels in arachnoidal villi alongside venous sinuses there is additional CSF outflow to the lymphatic vessels. For many years the neurophysiologists did not take into account and did not appreciate this route despite it had been in XIX-th century. In those times Schwalbe noticed that after Berlin blue injection into the cranial subarachnoid space of exsanguinated rabbits and dogs the markers uptake increased in the local cervical lymphatic nodes. The review contains a structural description as well as a physiological explanation of the alternative CSF outflow. The paper also shows the development of views or: this topic. The prelymphatic cerebral vessels described by Gasley-Smith and perineural lymphatic pathways around cranial and spinal nerves seem to be the most significant ones connecting the central nervous system and the lymphatic system. It has been proved during animal experiments, that 20-30% CSF flows through the alternative pathways. It is too early, to come to the final conclusions. But the present results concerning CSF outflow to the lymphatic system can confirm its influence on the CNS immunology, hydrocephalus and pseudotumour cerebri aetiology and olfactory sensation (the flow of the fluid might help to remove the odor-stimulating molecules).