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K Spanel-Borowski

Publications and source records attributed to K Spanel-Borowski.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Diversity of ultrastructure in different phenotypes of cultured microvessel endothelial cells isolated from bovine corpus luteum.

Five different types of cultured microvessel endothelial cells defined by use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in a preceding study were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Type-1 cells displayed a deep invagination of the cell membrane or a single cilium. Granules of low electron density were abundant. A perinuclear ring of intermediate filaments occurred. Cultures of type-2 cells were subdivided into phenotype A, reminiscent of cell-type 1, and into phenotype B, assumed to be vascular smooth muscle cells. Many highly electron-dense granules appeared in late postconfluent cultures of both phenotypes. Cell-type 3 was conspicuous because of a large intracytoplasmic vacuole. Lysosomes with curvilinear bodies were found in cell-types 3 and 4. Both cell types developed a peripheral regular network of microfilaments. Cell-type 5 showed vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and a peripheral felt-like belt of microfilaments. Tubular forms seen in late postconfluent cultures of cell-types 1 to 3 displayed a core of extracellular matrix. Pseudotubular forms of cell-type 4 contained apoptotic bodies. Thus, as seen at the ultrastructural level, different features are maintained by cultured microvessel endothelial cells, suggesting that they have different inherent properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of blood granulocytes from golden hamsters for the study of chemotaxis.

Since the number of granulocytes is low in the circulating pool of adult golden hamsters, intraperitoneal injection of oyster glycogen was used to mobilize white blood cells from the non-circulating pool. The percentage of blood granulocytes increased from 7 to 49%. Mobilized granulocytes, purified by a discontinuous Percoll gradient, showed adherence to polycarbonate filters only when coated by collagen. Random migration was high using the modified Boyden chamber technique. While endotoxin-activated serum caused chemotactic response, it was absent when the tripeptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was applied at concentrations of 10(-7) or 10(-8) M. The true chemotactic response corresponded to the proportion of migrated cells versus the total cell number adherent to both sides of the filter. It is concluded that the golden hamster is a good model for the study of granulocyte sequestration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Different phenotypes of cultured microvessel endothelial cells obtained from bovine corpus luteum. Study by light microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Morphological heterogeneity has not been documented for cultured endothelial cells isolated from the microvascular bed of any organ. As the corpus luteum depends on a rich microvascularization, endothelial cells were dislodged from developing corpora lutea by mechanical dissection followed either by collagenase digestion or by no digestion. Cell separation was carried out by Percoll density centrifugation. Although the yield of intact cells was higher with collagenase treatment than without, successful endothelial cell cultures were only established when cells remained untreated. Viewed by light microscopy after an average lag phase of 10 days, five different phenotypes of endothelial cells were found under similar simple culture conditions: isomorphic epithelioid, polymorphic epithelioid, spindle-shaped, round, and phase-dense phenotypes. Monolayers appeared within 2-4 weeks. After an additional period of 2-4 weeks, tubular forms with a specific pattern were noted for types 1-3, the so-called pseudotubular forms for type 4, and none for type 5. Cell types differed in their cytochemical and immunocytochemical responses. Examined by SEM, type 1 displayed a more conspicuous surface anatomy than type 2. Types 3-5 demonstrated striking cell processes that were characteristic of each type. Tubular forms of types 1 and 2 showed cell borders and a marked increase in surface specializations, whereas tubular forms of type 3 lacked detectable cell borders in the absence of a striking surface anatomy. Pseudotubular forms of type 4 developed no particular spatial organization. Thus, for the first time, morphological evidence is provided that different endothelial cell types are obtained from diverse segments of the microvascular bed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

The chick chorioallantoic membrane as test system for biocompatible materials.

Biologic and non-biologic materials clinically used as hemostyptica, as vascular prostheses, or as temporary skin substitutes were implanted to the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) during days 9-14 of incubation. The histological study revealed an intact CAM after application of cellulose gauze (Tabotamp). The fibrin tissue adhesive (Tissucol), the collagen sponge (Tachotop), or the gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) induced different amounts of connective tissue. Some fibroblasts were about to grow into the fibrin adhesive. Fibroblasts and capillaries filled the interstices of the collagen sponge poorly, and in the case of the gelatin sponge markedly. Neutrophils and giant cells of the foreign body type occurred more often in the gelatin sponge than in the collagen sponge. With regard to the non-biologic materials, expanded polytetrafluorethylene induced squamous metaplasia of the chorionic epithelium. Dacron caused ulceration with the onset of connective tissue ingrowth, based on a reaction of giant cells of the foreign body type. Polyurethane foam (SYSpur-derm) showed bleeding into the implant due to spikes of the material. Eosinophilic granulocytes were absent in all materials studied. The results are related to different clinical findings. The correlation allows consideration of the CAM as an in vivo model in screening materials for their biocompatibility and their connective tissue reaction.

Allantois↗
PubMed1989

Vascularization of ovaries from golden hamsters following implantation into the chick chorioallantoic membrane.

In order to study the angiogenic activity, entire ovaries of immature or adult golden hamsters in different functional stages were implanted into the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Ovaries or other organs (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, testis) were applied during days 9-14 of incubation. Histological serial sections and ultrastructural studies displayed vascularization from the host to the ovary. Vascularization was marked for unstimulated immature ovaries compared to superstimulated immature ovaries or adult ovaries obtained during the period of proestrus-estrus. When no vascularization developed, grafted ovaries of immature or adult animals induced a mild erosive reaction of the CAM. In contrast, few other implanted organs obtained from immature animals caused a response with vascularization which was absent in grafted organs from adult hamsters. The erosive reaction of the CAM was rare, but the ulcerative response accompanied by infiltrating eosinophils was frequently seen both in immature and adult animals. These results may indicate that angiogenetic activity of the ovary is not the sole cause for vascularization of grafts. Other factors such as tissue death or a low histocompatibility barrier are likely to be involved.

Allantois↗
PubMed1989

Intracellular detection of albumin in the ovaries of golden hamsters by light and electron microscopy.

Ovaries were obtained from golden hamsters during proestrus and immersion-fixed for the immunocytochemical localization of albumin by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Another group of ovaries were obtained from immature perfusion-fixed animals which had been stimulated for 48 or 96 h by gonadotrophins. Perfusion-fixed tissues were processed for the ultrastructural albumin localization using the protein A-gold technique. At the light microscopical level, albumin positive cells were seen more often in the corona radiata and the inner layer of the granulosa, but seldom in the outer layer. Thecal and interstitial gland cells revealed albumin reactivity as did the intra- and extravascular spaces. Using the electron microscope, enriched gold grains signalizing a positive albumin response were detected over lipid droplets of granulosal, thecal and luteal cells. Though labeled coated vesicles were absent, the following functional significance is proposed for this study: precursors of steroidogenesis or steroids may be transferred as ligands of albumin into or within the cell after a receptor-mediated uptake of the albumin ligand complex.

Albumins↗
PubMed1988

Pitfall in immunocytochemical localization of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha in ovaries of adult rats.

By means of specific antisera against PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, sections of rat ovaries were investigated immunocytochemically during different stages of the estrous cycle. A fraction of granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles exhibited a positive reaction to both antisera. So did endothelial cells of secretory and regressing corpora lutea. The staining was present throughout the stages of the estrous cycle. Liquid phase preadsorption with PGE2 and PGF2 alpha did not abolish the staining. However, it was absent after preadsorption with bovine serum albumin, the conjugating protein used for hapten immunization. The outcome of the preadsorption control demonstrates a classic example of a pitfall in immunostaining caused by the presence of contaminating antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructure of human preovulatory granulosa cells in follicular fluid aspirates.

The ultrastructure of preovulatory granulosa cells may be distinct in follicles containing competent as opposed to non-competent oocytes. To test this assumption, granulosa cells were looked for in 36 follicular fluid aspirates from 8 patients taking part in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. Granulosa cells were absent from 16 aspirates and present in 20. Both aspirate types contained oocytes able to develop in culture. Granulosa cells were subdivided into three developmental stages. Stage 1 (5% of aspirates) showed proliferating cells, while stage 2 (60% of aspirates) and 3 (35% of aspirates) cells were in the preluteinization stage. These cells were recognizable by their number of lipid droplets and differentiated according to possession of a rough (stage 2) or smooth (stage 3) endoplasmic reticulum. Luteinization did not occur in these cells. All stages displayed desmosomes, gap junctions, and annular junctions. The structure of Call-Exner bodies and of fibrin deposits were unexpected findings. Our study indicates that there is no correlation between the previously used morphological parameters of granulosa cells and oocyte maturity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunocytochemical localization of albumin in ovarian follicles of fertile rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether albumin (Alb) can be detected in ovarian rat granulosa cells. Using immunocytochemistry and morphometrics, the percentages of Alb-positive follicles (follicle-index), of Alb-positive granulosa cells (granulosa-index), and of strongly reacting follicles (intensity-index) were evaluated in intact and regressing follicles of different diameter groups during different stages of the estrous cycle. In intact follicles, the follicle- and the granulosa-index increased from small-sized to large-sized follicles. Although the follicle-index did not change in any group during the stages of the estrous cycle, the granulosa-index was higher during proestrus than during the other stages. Intact follicles showed a stronger immunoreactivity than regressing follicles throughout the stages of the estrous cycle. Thus, Alb may be a requirement for the control of follicle growth in fertile rats. This Alb function may be attributable to Alb binding to specific cell-membrane components followed by the intracellular uptake of Alb-bound substances.

Albumins↗
PubMed1987

Capillary sprouts in ovaries of immature superstimulated golden hamsters: a SEM study of microcorrosion casts.

A new polyester resin of low viscosity was used to study the three-dimensional structure of capillary sprouts of mature follicles and of corpora lutea. Vascular microcorrosion casts were obtained from ovaries of immature golden hamsters between days 4 and 7 after stimulation with pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). On days 4 and 5 after PMSG, a nodular appearance of the organ was due to mature follicles and corpora lutea. Capillary sprouts were seen as dead-ending structures originating from the thecal capillary network. The sprouts were either concentrated around (follicle type 1) or towards (follicle type 2) the center of the antrum. Increased vascular permeability resulted in resin leakage only in type 2. Intact corpora lutea were characterized by radially grown capillary sprouts. Regressing corpora lutea showed a marked reduction of the vascular bed as displayed by filling defects in casts on day 6 and 7 after PMSG. It is assumed that: 1. Dead-ending capillary structures, resin leakage, and filling defects are not always artifacts of the microcorrosion cast technique, but can express functional microcirculatory changes. 2. The concentric growth of thecal capillary sprouts may be related to the presence of an intact follicular basal membrane, and the radial growth of sprouts be taken as a sign of a digested basal membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Formation and regression of capillary sprouts in corpora lutea of immature superstimulated golden hamsters.

The ultrastructure of developing and regressing capillary sprouts was studied in corpora lutea of immature golden hamsters between days 4 and 7 after the application of serum gonadotrophin of pregnant mares (PMSG). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an endothelial tracer, was localized by ultrahistochemistry. The vascular permeability of HRP was quantified by an enzyme assay in ovarian homogenates. Sprouting endothelial cells looked activated. They showed micropinocytotic vesicles in a high endothelium surrounded by basal laminae. Early capillary growth was at its maximum on day 4 after PMSG. Advanced capillary growth was seen on days 4 and 5 after PMSG. The vascular lumina were formed by dilatation of the interendothelial space. Regression of capillary sprouts started on day 5, was most intense on day 6 and negligible on day 7. Two processes of regression were observed. One led to a complete destruction, the other to an incomplete one. Vascular permeability decreased between days 5 and 6 after PMSG. It is concluded that the corpus luteum can be viewed as a physiological model of angiogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Luteolysis and thrombus formation in ovaries of immature superstimulated golden hamsters.

Thrombus appearance during luteolysis with and without exogenous prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha) was studied in immature golden hamsters between days 4 and 7 after stimulation with pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) followed by human chorionic gonadotrophin. Both ovaries were weighed and cut in series for light-microscopic evaluation. The fibrinolytic activity was determined by the fibrin slide method after treatment with PGF2 alpha on day 4 after PMSG stimulation and compared with controls of days 3 and 4 after PMSG stimulation. There was a marked decrease in ovarian weights in the experimental and the control group between days 4 and 7 after PMSG. Few necrotic cells were seen in corpora lutea on day 5, but many on day 6. All of them had disappeared on day 7. The number of ovaries with thrombi was 80-100% in both groups on day 4 and declined to approximately zero levels on day 7. The amount of thrombus formation appeared to be higher in the PGF2 alpha-treated groups than in controls. Fibrinolytic activity was high in controls on day 3 and low in controls and in PGF2 alpha-treated animals on day 4 after PMSG. It is concluded that thrombus formation occurs in superstimulated ovaries during luteolysis; and thrombus formation is related to a decrease in fibrinolytic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of locally applied enzyme inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade on follicle growth and intra-ovarian oocyte release in hyperstimulated rabbits.

This study was conducted to examine follicle growth and intra-ovarian oocyte release in rabbit ovaries influenced by a local application of prostaglandin formation inhibitors. While five rabbits remained as unstimulated controls, twenty-seven mature rabbits were hyperstimulated by pure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at time 0. At the same time, 1 mg lonazolac (lonazolac group), indomethacin (indomethacin group) or saline (so-called gonadotrophic stimulated controls) was applied into the vagina of each group. Both ovaries of each animal were evaluated morphometrically at 15, 20, 28 and 48 hr after hCG. The absolute numbers of smaller-sized preantral follicles were always higher in the gonadotrophic stimulated controls than in the unstimulated controls, the lonazolac, or the indomethacin group. The numbers of larger-sized preantral and antral follicles showed no differences. Unlike the gonadotrophic stimulated controls and the lonazolac group, the indomethacin group displayed an increase in its mature structures (large-sized antral and preovulatory follicles, follicle and luteinized cysts) from 20 to 28 hr after hCG. Call-Exner bodies underwent pseudomucification in preovulatory follicles. The absolute numbers of Call-Exner bodies were augmented by indomethacin. Maturation division of oocytes began to decrease in all three treated groups between 15 and 20 hr post hCG, but the height of intra-ovarian oocyte release (IOR) appeared at 28 hr. This coincided with a striking thrombus formation. It is assumed that: 1) lonazolac and indomethacin inhibit early development of proliferating follicles; 2) lonazolac and indomethacin have no effects on the maturation division of the oocyte and of IOR; 3) IOR extends over a longer period after ovulation induction in contrast to the maturation division of the oocyte; and 4) thrombus formation is related to IOR.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Light and ultrastructure of intra-ovarian oocyte release in infantile rats.

Follicular ruptures with intra-ovarian oocyte release (IOR) were studied in 17, 21 and 24-day-old rats by morphological methods. Using a light microscope, it was seen that IOR occurred at all times and the IOR frequency did not change. IOR developed in preantral follicles. Their oocytes were mostly found within the follicular compartment (incomplete IOR). Using an electron microscope, a circumscribed dissolution of the basal lamina was observed. IOR granulosa cells appeared activated. They rarely underwent typical necrosis after herniation into the extrafollicular area. Herniated granulosa cells tended either to stay intact or to shed cytoplasmic components into the extracellular space, whilst nuclei of active cell function were maintained. Tissue adjacent to an IOR seemed inactive with the exception of endothelial cells. Some endothelial cells underwent necrosis. Additionally, the endothelium was discontinuous. The morphological data support the hypothesis that the mechanism of follicular rupture represents an inside to outside process.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Degeneration of interstitial gland cells of normal and irradiated dog ovary.

The interstitial gland cells of the ovary were studied by electron microscopy in seven Beagle dogs during advanced metestrus. Additionally, the findings of three dogs with an increased activation of the interstitial gland cells after 12 Gy whole-body X-irradiation were also presented. Three groups of interstitial gland cells were distinguished: the immature, the mature and the degenerating cells. The steroid-specific cell organelles of mature interstitial cells were highly developed after irradiation-induced stimulation. At the onset of generation, a circular arrangement of dilated endoplasmic vesicles (demarcation channel) characterized the cells of non-irradiated and of irradiated ovaries. During the early stage of degeneration, different degrees of nuclear shrinkage and of vacuolation of the cytoplasm were seen. A lace-like vacuolation was common in the irradiated ovaries. During the advanced stage of degeneration, the cysts ruptured with resultant shedding of the cytoplasmic organelles into the intercellular space. A new cellular membrane was simultaneously reconstituted and a fibrocyte-like cell appeared. The process is referred as "secretory degeneration" and is presented as a hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of the effects of beta-adrenergic agents on pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content in two species of hamsters.

The nighttime rise in pineal melatonin levels can be blocked by administration of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, in both Syrian hamsters and rats. Although the administration of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists such as norepinephrine or isoproterenol stimulates pineal melatonin production in the rat, these drugs are without apparent effect on indole production in the Syrian hamster. To determine whether this lack of stimulatory effect in the Syrian hamster is characteristic of this species, a comparison of the effects of norepinephrine and isoproterenol on pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content was conducted. In contrast to their lack of effect in the Syrian hamster, norepinephrine and isoproterenol stimulated pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content in the Djungarian hamster. Hourly injection of norepinephrine during a continuation of light into the normal dark period stimulated increases in the activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase and melatonin content in the Djungarian hamster but was without effect on these pineal parameters in the Syrian hamster.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1984

Cell proliferation in the dog (beagle) ovary during proestrus and early estrus.

Cell proliferation in the ovaries of 5 Beagle dogs was studied by autoradiography after pulse labelling with (3H)-thymidine during different periods of proestrus and early estrus. Indices of labelling and of necrosis were determined for different follicle types grouped according to their stages of atresia. Cell proliferation became most obvious during early proestrus in antral and in Graafian follicles, and during the periovulatory period in preantral follicles. By contrast, low labelling indices appeared in all follicle types during the middle of proestrus. All follicle types demonstrated a continuous decrease in labelling from early to late atresia with the exception of the granulosal layer of antral follicles during the periovulatory period. While many necrotic granulosal cells were found in antral follicles during the first 6 days of proestrus, there were few during the periovulatory period. Even Graafian follicles displayed necrotic granulosal cells now and then. It may be concluded that (1) intact ovarian follicles can show subtle changes indicating the beginning of atresia, and (2) during the proliferative phase of a long estrous cycle cell replication in the ovary is characterized by two bursts at the beginning and at the end of this period.

Animals↗