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K Srinath Reddy

Publications and source records attributed to K Srinath Reddy.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Diet and risk of ischemic heart disease in India.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of death in India. Dietary changes could reduce risk, but few studies have addressed the association between diet and IHD risk in India. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to address the association between diet and IHD risk among Indians in New Delhi (northern India) and Bangalore (southern India). DESIGN: We collected data from 350 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 700 controls matched on the basis of age, sex, and hospital as part of a hospital-based case-control study in 8 hospitals. Long-term dietary intake was assessed by using food-frequency questionnaires developed for New Delhi and Bangalore. We used conditional logistic regression to control for the matching factors and other predictors of risk. RESULTS: We observed a significant and dose-dependent inverse association between vegetable intake and IHD risk. The inverse association was stronger for green leafy vegetables; in multivariate analysis, persons consuming a median of 3.5 servings/wk had a 67% lower relative risk (RR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.64; P for trend = 0.0001) than did those consuming 0.5 servings/wk. Controlling for other dietary covariates did not alter the association. Cereal intake was also associated with a lower risk. Use of mustard oil, which is rich in alpha-linolenic acid, was associated with a lower risk than was use of sunflower oil [for use in cooking: RR: 0.49 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.99); for use in frying, RR: 0.29 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.64)]. CONCLUSION: Diets rich in vegetables and use of mustard oil could contribute to the lower risk of IHD among Indians.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Case definitions for acute coronary heart disease in epidemiology and clinical research studies: a statement from the AHA Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; AHA Statistics Committee; World Heart Federation Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Epidemiology and Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

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Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Cardiovascular disease and the global tobacco epidemic: a wake-up call for cardiologists.

The global tobacco epidemic continues unabated with the recruitment of young people, including women, to join the ranks of smokers. Even though cardiovascular diseases account for some of the major tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, cardiologists and their professional societies have lagged behind in the crusade against tobacco. A great opportunity exists for more involvement and leadership role by cardiologists, especially in countries where tobacco control efforts are not well established. For this to happen, there is a need to identify barriers to cardiologists' involvement in tobacco prevention and cessation efforts and to devise locally-relevant strategies to address them. Also, the areas where the contribution of cardiologists can be most fruitful must be identified. Considering that a substantial portion of the future burden of cardiovascular disease will occur among current tobacco users, treating tobacco dependence and supporting tobacco quitters are the most urgent tasks for cardiologists interested in reducing the human toll of tobacco. The cardiovascular community must consider the variety of needs and available resources to fight tobacco in different regions. Recommendations to involve more cardiologists in tobacco control, at the clinical, public health and policy levels, are presented.

Cardiology↗
PubMed2002

Cardiovascular diseases in the developing countries: dimensions, determinants, dynamics and directions for public health action.

The global burden of disease due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is escalating, principally due to a sharp rise in the developing countries which are experiencing rapid health transition. Contributory causes include: demographic shifts with altered population age profiles; lifestyle changes due to recent urbanisation, delayed industrialisation and overpowering globalisation; probable effects of foetal undernutrition on adult susceptibility to vascular disease and possible gene-environment interactions influencing ethnic diversity. Altered diets and diminished physical activity are critical factors contributing to the acceleration of CVD epidemics, along with tobacco use. The pace of health transition, however, varies across developing regions with consequent variations in the relative burdens of the dominant CVDs. A comprehensive public health response must integrate policies and programmes that effectively impact on the multiple determinants of these diseases and provide protection over the life span through primordial, primary and secondary prevention. Populations as well as individuals at risk must be protected through initiatives that espouse and enable nutrition-based preventive strategies to protect and promote cardiovascular health. An empowered community, an enlightened policy and an energetic coalition of health professionals must ensure that development is not accompanied by distorted nutrition and disordered health.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco and alcohol use outcomes of a school-based intervention in New Delhi.

OBJECTIVE: To reduce tobacco use among adolescents. METHODS: Thirty schools in New Delhi, India, were randomly assigned to 3 conditions: school-based and family-based intervention, school-based intervention only, or control group. Students were in the seventh grade at pretest (N = 4,776). The smoking intervention included posters, booklets, classroom activities, debates, and a signature campaign. The family intervention involved home activities. The survey measured tobacco knowledge, attitudes, offers, use, and intentions. RESULTS: Intervention students were significantly less likely than controls to have been offered, received, experimented with, or have intentions to use tobacco. CONCLUSION: The project had a significant impact on tobacco use.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence among men in a large industry of northern India.

BACKGROUND: Industrial settings, with their intramural resources and healthcare infrastructure, are ideal for initiating preventive activities to increase the awareness and control of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, there are no reliable estimates of CVD and risk factor burden, nor of its awareness and treatment status in urban Indian industrial settings. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CVD and its risk factors, and to assess the status of awareness and control of CVD risk factors among a large industrial population of northern India. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among all employees aged 20-59 years of a large industry near Delhi (n=2935), to evaluate their cardiovascular risk profile--by employing a structured questionnaire and clinical and biochemical estimations. The presence of coronary heart disease was ascertained by evidence of its treatment, Rose angina questionnaire and Minnesota coded electrocardiograms. RESULTS: The results for 2122 men, in whom complete information was available, are reported here. The mean age was 42 years and 90% of the men were below 50 years of age. The prevalence of major CVD risk factors (95% CI) was: hypertension 30% (28%-32%), diabetes 15% (14%-17%), high serum total cholesterol/HDL ratio (> or = 4.5) 62% (60%-64%) and current smoking 36% (34%-38%). Forty-seven per cent of the respondents had at least two of these risk factors. Another 44% (95% CI: 42%-46%) had pre-hypertension (INC VII criteria) and 37% (95% CI: 35%-39%) had evidence of either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Thirty-five per cent (95% CI: 33%-37%) of the individuals were overweight (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) while 43% (95% CI: 40%-45%) had central obesity (waist circumference >90 cm). The metabolic syndrome was present in 28%-35% of the individuals depending on the diagnostic criteria used. The prevalence of several risk factors and the metabolic syndrome was high with increasing age, BMI and waist circumference. A third of those who had hypertension (31.5%) and diabetes (31%) were aware of their status. Among those aware, adequate control of blood pressure and blood glucose was present in only 38% of those with hypertension and 31% of those with diabetes, respectively. Coronary heart disease was present in 7.3% of the individuals while 0.3% had a history of stroke. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the high prevalence of CVD and its risk factors against a background of poor awareness and control among a comparatively young male population in a north Indian industrial setting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of EDTA chelation therapy in cardiovascular diseases.

Chelation therapy is a widely practised mode of treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases all over the world. However, evidence for the utility of this therapy is limited and conflicting. We did a systematic review of the literature. The reference listings of the articles, obtained from a Pubmed search using relevant keywords, were searched for additional related articles. Most of the evidence supporting the use of EDTA chelation therapy is from case reports, small series or uncontrolled, open-label clinical trials. The published randomized controlled trials include few patients and their results are of limited value. Uncontrolled studies have reported symptomatic improvements but the few controlled trials suggest that these benefits are due to a placebo effect. The available data do not support the use of chelation in cardiovascular diseases. This therapy should be used only in the context of a research trial including patients who have failed to respond to conventional treatment.

Atherosclerosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control: the case for India.

India ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) on February 27, 2005. The WHO FCTC is the world's first public health treaty that aims to promote and protect public health and reduce the devastating health and economic impacts of tobacco. Post ratification, each member state as part of general obligation has agreed to develop, implement, periodically update and review comprehensive multisectoral national tobacco control strategies, plans and programmes in accordance with this Convention and the protocols to which it is a Party. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to track tobacco use among young people across countries and the GYTS surveillance system intends to enhance the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs. The South-East Asia Region of WHO has developed the "Regional Strategy for Utilization of the GYTS" to meet this need for countries in the Region. In 2003, India has passed its national tobacco control legislation (India Tobacco Control Act [ITCA]), which includes provisions designed to reduce tobacco consumption and protect citizens from exposure to second hand smoke. Data in the GYTS (India) report can be used as a baseline measure for future evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. India has to upscale some provisions of its National Law to accommodate all of the requirements of FCTC. Using determinants measured by GYTS in India, the government can monitor the impact of enforcing various provisions of the ITCA and the progress made in achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC and the Regional Strategies. Effective enforcement of the provisions of ITCA will show in the receding numbers of tobacco use prevalence figures and reduction in the expenditures associated with tobacco use in India.

Adolescent↗