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Biomedical subjects

K Sundquist

Publications and source records attributed to K Sundquist.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Country of birth and hospital admission rates for mental disorders: a cohort study of 4.5 million men and women in Sweden.

This study analysed the association between country of birth and psychotic, affective, and neurotic disorders in seven immigrant categories, after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors. A 2-year national cohort study of 4.5 million individuals in the age group 25-64 years was performed. Swedish national registers including individual demographic and socioeconomic data were linked to the hospital discharge register. Cox regression was used in the analysis. Several groups of immigrants, both men and women, had risks of hospital admission for psychotic, affective, or neurotic disorders compared to the Swedish-born reference group. The impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on these risks seemed to be larger for men than for women. For foreign-born men, several of the risks no longer remained significant after adjustment for income and marital status. In contrast, most of the risks for foreign-born women remained significant after adjustment for income and marital status. Low income and being single were associated with an increased risk of psychiatric hospital admission. These results represent important knowledge for clinicians and public health planners who are involved in treatment and prevention of mental disorders among certain groups of immigrants, and among low income men and women irrespective of immigrant status.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Coronary heart disease risks in first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden: a follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse whether there is an association between country of birth in first-generation immigrants and first hospitalization for or death from coronary heart disease (CHD) and to analyse whether this association remains in second-generation immigrants. DESIGN: In this follow-up study, the MigMed database at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, was used to identify all hospital diagnoses of and deaths from incident CHD in first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2001. Incidence ratios standardized by age, geographical region and socio-economic status were estimated by sex in first- and second-generation immigrants; the reference group was Swedish-born people whose parents were both born in Sweden. SUBJECTS: The total Swedish population aged 25-69 years. RESULTS: First-generation immigrants from Finland, central European countries, other eastern European countries and Turkey had higher rates of CHD than men or women in the reference group. First-generation immigrant women born in southern Europe, other western European countries and Baltic countries had lower CHD risks than the reference group. Sons of both male and female first-generation immigrants showed CHD risks similar to or slightly higher than those of their parents. Amongst second-generation women, only subjects with Finnish fathers or mothers had higher risks of developing CHD than the reference. CONCLUSIONS: Increased risks of CHD found in some first-generation immigrant groups often persist in second-generation immigrant men. Healthcare professionals and policy makers should take this into account when designing and undertaking measures to prevent CHD.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Type 1 diabetes as a risk factor for stroke in men and women aged 15-49: a nationwide study from Sweden.

AIMS: The main objective was to determine premature stroke risk in men and women in Sweden with previous hospital admission for Type 1 diabetes or without previous hospital admission. METHODS: All individuals in Sweden aged 15-34 years at first hospital admission for Type 1 diabetes and aged 15-49 years at first hospital admission for stroke during the study period (1987-2001) were identified. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare premature stroke risk between individuals admitted to hospital with Type 1 diabetes and individuals without hospital admission, after controlling for age, time period, occupation and geographical region. SIRs were also calculated for individuals with diabetic complications. RESULTS: The overall SIRs for premature stroke in men and women with hospital admission for Type 1 diabetes were 17.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.87, 24.36] and 26.11 (95% CI 18.81, 35.32), respectively. Men and women with diabetic nephropathy had the highest significant SIRs of premature stroke: 48.87 and 73.53, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that young to middle-aged individuals with Type 1 diabetes had a considerably higher risk of premature stroke than those without Type 1 diabetes. This underscores the need to implement vigorous interventions in healthcare settings in order to decrease the risk of premature stroke in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Alcohol abuse partly mediates the association between coronary heart disease and affective or psychotic disorders: a follow-up study in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse whether hospitalization for affective or psychotic disorders predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) after accounting for occupation, region and alcohol-related disorders. METHOD: National registers were used to identify all individuals in Sweden aged 25-64 years at first hospitalization for affective or psychotic disorders and aged 25-79 years at first hospitalization for CHD between 1987 and 2001. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. RESULTS: The association between CHD and affective or psychotic disorders was strongest in the youngest age groups. The overall SIRs varied between 1.39 and 1.68. They were strongly attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for hospitalization because of alcohol-related disorders, especially among women. CONCLUSION: Hospitalization because of affective or psychotic disorders predicts CHD. These associations are partly mediated by alcohol abuse. Clinicians and decision makers should be aware of the increased risk of CHD in these patient groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Neighborhood socioeconomic environment and risk of postpartum psychosis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesized association between the neighborhood socioeconomic environment and postpartum psychosis, after adjustment for individual sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD: All Swedish women aged 20-44 years who became first-time mothers from 1 January 1986 to 30 September 1998 (N = 485,199) were followed for first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis. Neighborhood income was divided into three groups according to the proportions of individuals with low income in the neighborhood. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for postpartum psychosis. RESULTS: Women living in the poorest neighborhoods exhibited a significantly higher risk of first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis than women living in the richest neighborhoods, HR = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.15-2.91, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Decision makers and health care workers should be aware that living in a poor neighborhood socioeconomic environment might contribute to the development of postpartum psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Are sociodemographic factors and year of delivery associated with hospital admission for postpartum psychosis? A study of 500,000 first-time mothers.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis and the explanatory variables age, educational level, marital status and year of delivery. METHOD: All Swedish first-time mothers (n = 502,767) were included during a 12-year period and followed for first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios, adjusted for the explanatory variables. RESULTS: Older age and being a single mother implied an increased risk of first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis among first-time mothers. Educational level was not associated with first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis. During the 1990s, when a reduction in psychiatric beds occurred, first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Certain sociodemographic factors are associated with first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis. Untreated postpartum psychosis due to fewer psychiatric beds could have hazardous effects on mothers and their children.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Increasing trends of obesity in Sweden between 1996/97 and 2000/01.

BACKGROUND: During the last two decades, obesity has reached epidemic proportions in industrialised societies such as Sweden. OBJECTIVE: The first aim of this study is to examine whether the body mass index (BMI) and obesity increased between 1996/97 and 2000/01 in different subgroups in the Swedish population. The second aim is to examine whether there were any differences in BMI between subgroups of the population, characterised by age, gender, educational status, smoking habits, degree of urbanisation, and country of birth. The third aim is to examine whether BMI increased between the two periods after adjustment for all the explanatory variables. METHODS: This study is based on two cross-sectional, random samples of the entire population aged 16-84 y, the first from 1996/97 including 5622 men and 5940 women and the second from 2000/01 including 5515 men and 5838 women. To investigate the possible change in obesity between the two periods, a logistic model adjusted for age was applied, after stratification by gender. To study the relationship between BMI and the explanatory variables, and the possible change in the subgroups of the population between the two periods, a linear regression model was used. RESULTS: The total BMI mean increased by 0.4 units from 1996/97 to 2000/01 for both men and women. The prevalence of obesity also increased to about 10% in 2000/01. In some subgroups, the prevalence of obesity was especially high, for example, men and women aged 55-74 y, men with middle educational status, women with low educational status, former smokers, and Finnish-born men and women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings illustrate that both BMI and obesity increased in the Swedish population between 1996/97 and 2000/01. This increase in BMI and obesity is most likely due to environmental factors, such as diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Health interventions need to target both certain subgroups and the whole population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Neighbourhood deprivation and incidence of coronary heart disease: a multilevel study of 2.6 million women and men in Sweden.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine whether neighbourhood deprivation predicts incidence rates of coronary heart disease, beyond age and individual income. DESIGN: Follow up study from 31 December 1995 to 31 December 1999. Women and men were analysed separately with respect to incidence rates of coronary heart disease. Multilevel logistic regression was used in the analysis with individual level characteristics (age, individual income) at the first level and level of neighbourhood deprivation at the second level. Neighbourhood deprivation was measured at small area market statistics level by the use of Care Need Index. SETTING: Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: All women and men aged 40-64 in the Swedish population, in total 2.6 million people. MAIN RESULTS: There was a strong relation between level of neighbourhood deprivation and incidence rates of coronary heart disease for both women and men. In the full model, which took account of individual income, the risk of developing coronary heart disease was 87% higher for women and 42% higher for men in the most deprived neighbourhoods than in the most affluent neighbourhoods. For both women and men the variance at neighbourhood level was over twice the standard error, indicating significant differences in coronary heart disease risk between neighbourhoods. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of neighbourhood deprivation independently predict coronary heart disease for both women and men. Both individual and neighbourhood level approaches are important in health care policies.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Care Need Index, a useful tool for the distribution of primary health care resources.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate how Care Need Index (CNI), a social deprivation index, may be used to allocate total primary health care resources. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey and register data. The CNI was based on sociodemographic factors: elderly persons living alone, children under age 5, unemployed people, people with low educational status, single parents, high mobility, and foreign born people. The CNI weights were calculated from the ratings of Swedish GPs of the impact of these factors on their workload. The CNI scale was transformed into a positive scale to avoid negative values. CNI weights were calculated for each decile of the study population. The risk of poor self reported health in the CNI deciles was estimated by means of a hierarchical logistic regression in the age range 25-74 (n=27 346). The MigMed database comprising all people living in Sweden was used to calculate the CNI for Stockholm. PARTICIPANTS: The Swedish population and the population in Stockholm County. MAIN RESULTS: The means of the CNI for deciles ranged from 61 (most affluent neighbourhoods) to 140 (most deprived) in Stockholm County. The ratio between the tenth and the first decile was 1.66. There was an approximately 150% increased risk of poor self reported health for people living in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods (OR=2.50) compared with those living in the most affluent ones (OR=1). CNI ratios for the deciles corresponded approximately to the odds ratios of poor self reported health status. CONCLUSIONS: The CNI can be used to allocate total primary health care resources.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mineral density and bone strength are dissociated in long bones of rat osteopetrotic mutations.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical strength generally show strong positive correlations. However, osteopetrosis is a metabolic bone disease with increased skeletal density radiographically and increased risk of fracture. We have evaluated mechanical strength and mineral density in three osteopetrotic mutations in the rat (incisors-absent [ia/ia], osteopetrosis [op/op], and toothless [tl/tl]) to test the hypothesis that reduced bone resorption in one or more of these mutations results in weaker bones in the presence of greater mineral density and skeletal mass. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to analyze BMD and cross-sectional geometry in the tibial diaphysis and metaphysis as well as the femoral diaphysis and femoral neck. The bending breaking force of tibial and femoral midshafts was obtained using the three-point bending test and femoral neck strength was tested by axial loading. Osteopetrotic mutants were significantly smaller than their normal littermates (NLMs) in each stock. The pQCT analysis showed that BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) were higher than or equal to NLMs in all skeletal sites measured in the osteopetrotic mutants. However, the mechanical breaking force was equal to or lower than their NLMs in all sites. The cross-sectional structure of long bone shafts was markedly different in osteopetrotic mutants, having a thin cortex and a medullary area filled with primary trabecular bone. These results indicate that osteopetrotic mutations in the rat increase bone density and decrease bone strength. The tibial diaphysis was significantly weaker in tl/tl and ia/ia mutants and the tibial metaphysis showed the greatest increase in BMD in all mutants. These data are another illustration that an increased BMD does not necessarily lead to stronger bones.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A novel gene (PLU-1) containing highly conserved putative DNA/chromatin binding motifs is specifically up-regulated in breast cancer.

A novel human gene (PLU-1) has been identified which shows a highly restricted expression in normal adult tissues but which is consistently expressed in breast cancers. A fragment of the PLU-1 cDNA was identified by differentially screening a fetal brain library with cDNAs prepared from ce-1 cells (a human mammary epithelial cell line overexpressing c-ErbB2) treated or untreated with the antibody 4D5, which inhibits c-ErbB2 phosphorylation. Clones covering the full cDNA sequence of 6.4 kilobases were isolated from a breast cancer cDNA library. Although expression of PLU-1 in ce-1 cells is regulated by signaling from c-ErbB2, the gene is expressed in all the breast cancer cell lines examined, in cells cultured from primary breast cancers, and in the invasive and in situ components of primary breast cancers. Translation of the open reading frame predicts a protein of 1544 amino acids, which contains three PHD/LAP motifs, a specific DNA-binding domain found in a Drosophila protein (dri) and novel domains showing extensive homology with other human and non human gene products. Transient transfection of cell lines with MYC-tagged PLU-1 showed the protein to be localized in the nucleus and associated with discrete foci. The presence of the dri motif and PHD/LAP fingers together with the clear nuclear localization and consistent expression in breast cancers, suggest a role for PLU-1 in regulating gene expression in breast cancers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Altering tooth eruption by blocking bone resorption--the local delivery of bafilomycin A1.

Tooth eruption is a complicated process requiring a coordination of bone resorption and bone formation by a variety of factors in and around the dental follicle proper and bone resorption is the rate-limiting step early in the process. We have recently described a method to deliver to the crypt of erupting dog premolars a reversible blocker of bone resorption, bafilomycin A1, and shown that its delivery for two week blocks bone resorption and eruption during this period without effect on adjacent teeth or on bone formation. In this study we show that delivery of 10(-6) M bafilomycin A1 via a cannulated osmotic minipump for two weeks early in the eruption of premolars delayed the eruption of these teeth for eight weeks. Similar delivery of the vehicle to the contralateral premolar had no effect on eruption. These data are the first clinical application of this potent drug and show that a short term local delivery is reversible and that blocking resorption for two weeks causes a fourfold delay in tooth eruption. Modifications of this approach may have clinical applications in dentistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of ATP-dependent proton transport in medullary bone-derived microsomes.

Proton transport in microsomal vesicles derived from medullary bone of laying hens was observed to be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with fusidic acid, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diatzole (NBD-Cl), duramycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). The IC50 values were 570 microM, 4.5 microM, 10 micrograms/ml and 32 microM for fusidic acid, NBD-Cl, duramycin and DCCD, respectively. 14C-DCCD labeled a single protein band of 15-17 kDa from bone-derived microsomes in SDS-electrophoresis. A protein of this size is a proton-conducting subunit of the vacuolar ATPases. Further, the proton transport was found to be electrogenic, thus it generates the membrane potential across the vesicle membrane. The generation of membrane potential was inhibited using 100 nM bafilomycin A1, which in low concentrations is a specific inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases. The presence of Cl- was essential for maximal proton transport activity. These results confirm the electrogenicity and extend the characterization of the osteoclastic H(+)-ATPase.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of osteoclast proton transport by bafilomycin A1 abolishes bone resorption.

Osteoclasts are the main bone resorbing cells with capacity to acidify their intimate contact area with bone. Recent studies have suggested that osteoclast acid secretion is carried out by an H(+)-ATPase. We demonstrate here, that specific inhibitor of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases, bafilomycin A1, inhibits bone resorption in osteoclast cultures as well as blocks proton transport in isolated medullary bone derived microsomes containing a vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase. These results demonstrate an important role of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in bone resorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evidence for the presence of a proton pump of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase type in the ruffled borders of osteoclasts.

Microsomal membrane vesicles prepared either from chicken medullary bone or isolated osteoclasts were shown to have ATP-dependent H(+)-transport activity. This activity was N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive but resistant to oligomycin and orthovanadate, suggesting a vacuolar-type ATPase. Furthermore, immunological cross-reactivity of 60- and 70-kD osteoclast membrane antigens with Neurospora crassa vacuolar ATPase was observed when analyzed by immunoblotting. Same antibodies labeled only osteoclasts in chicken and rat bone in immunohistochemistry. Immunoelectronmicroscopy localized these antigens in apical membranes of rat osteoclasts and kidney intercalated cells of inner stripe of outer medulla. Pretreatment of animals with parathyroid hormone enhanced the immunoreaction in the apical membranes of osteoclasts. No immunoreaction was seen in osteoclasts when antibodies against gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase were used. These results suggest that osteoclast resorbs bone by secreting protons through vacuolar H(+)-ATPase.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Downregulation of high-density lipoprotein receptor in human fibroblasts by insulin and IGF-I.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL3) particles bind to a cell surface receptor, thereby promoting the efflux of cholesterol from extrahepatic nonsteroidogenic cells. This receptor appears to be upregulated by increased cell cholesterol content and also may be responsive to the growth state of cells. Because insulin can be mitogenic, the effect of insulin on HDL-receptor function was tested. HDL-receptor activity of cholesterol-loaded fibroblasts was inhibited by insulin treatment. Insulin decreased HDL binding in a log-dose fashion (-25% at 67 nM insulin) in association with increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded cells was diminished by insulin treatment of cells in parallel with decreased HDL binding. Insulin induced reciprocal changes in HDL- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor activity. In cells in which these receptors were upregulated by varying cell cholesterol content, insulin increased LDL binding (+88%) and decreased HDL binding (-24%). Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, 100 ng/ml) also significantly decreased HDL binding and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux to a comparable degree. Pooled human serum similarly induced a reduction in HDL binding to its receptor. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that growth factors in general, and insulin and IGF-I in particular, decrease HDL-receptor activity, possibly to promote retention of cholesterol needed for new membrane synthesis during cell proliferation. Such a mechanism could be partly responsible for accumulation of cholesteryl esters in arterial wall cells during atherogenesis in diabetes mellitus.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Identification of osteoclasts by rhodamine-conjugated peanut agglutinin.

Rhodamine-conjugated Arachis hypogaea (peanut agglutinin, PNA) lectin, which is specific for beta-D-galactosyl and beta-D-gal-[1,3]-D-galNAC residues, was used to identify osteoclasts in paraffin-embedded bone sections of fetal rat calvaria and a human bone-derived tumor, osteoclastoma. All multinucleated osteoclasts were positive for PNA-lectin. This was also confirmed by studying smears of isolated osteoclasts from rat and chicken long bones. In addition to multinuclear cells, some mononuclear cells on the endosteal surface of the rat calvaria and some bone marrow cells also revealed specific binding of PNA lectin. Isolated rat peripheral monocytes were also studied, and these showed specific binding of PNA lectin which was maintained unchanged for at least 3 days in culture. Different lectins could be useful as membrane markers for studying bone cell origin and maturation.

Animals↗