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Biomedical subjects

K Suwa

Publications and source records attributed to K Suwa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Mechanism of inhibitory action of ketone bodies on the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIS) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

We determined an effect of acetoacetic acid (AcAc) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) on the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from healthy volunteers. Both AcAc and 3-OHB inhibited the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) activities assessed with initial slope and the inhibition rates were about 42%, 44% respectively by AcAc and 3-OHB when the leukocytes were preincubated with 10 mM AcAc or 3-OHB for 60 minutes. The LDCL activity was reduced by 16% and 42% following the addition of 1mM and 10 mM AcAc. The similar reduction of the LDCL activity was observed in the addition of 3-OHB. Either 3-OHB or AcAc failed to show a significant reduction of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. However, both 3-OHB and AcAc dose-dependently inhibited superoxide anion (O2-) production, measured by using cytochrome c. These data provided evidence that both 3-OHB and AcAc suppress neutrophil oxidative metabolism with respect with O2- production.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1992

MPO activity and generation of active O2 species in leukocytes from poorly controlled diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine which part of ROI generation is reduced in the neutrophils from patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Superoxide anion (O2-) production, LDCL activity in response to opsonized zymosan, and MPO activity were measured in leukocytes of poorly controlled NIDDM patients (FBG greater than 8.89 mM, HbA1 greater than 10%). RESULTS: In diabetic subjects, both O2- production and LDCL activity assessed with initial slope gradient and peak value were significantly reduced. MPO activity was also decreased in diabetic subjects, and there was a significant correlation between HbA1 levels and MPO activity of diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that every step in leukocyte ROI generation should be reduced in the leukocytes from poorly controlled diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Simulation in anesthesia].

Simulation in anesthesia is reviewed. Its aim includes education/training, analysis of phenomena, explanation or interpretation of phenomena and instrument checks. It deals with pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of inhalational and intravenous agents, respiration and circulation, action and behavior of anesthesiologists and income analysis. Simulations are accomplished mainly by using computers, yet few use physical models or a physical model combined with computers. For writing this review, CD-ROM's of Medline data were used. Problems in searching literatures through this route are discussed. Finally, the problem of the distribution of softwares is also discussed.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1992

[Acid-base disorders in anesthesiology and in related fields].

Acid-Base disorders in anesthesia and in related fields were discussed. Four topics were chosen because they are relatively new and attracting attentions. They are 1) Monitoring Petco2 in anesthesia and in Intensive Care, 2) Relationships between newly established laparoscopic surgery and ventilatory impairment/elevation of Paco2, 3) Surgery in which large amount of chloride ion is absorbed, and 4) High venous Pco2 in resuscitation.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1979

PaCO2 for optimum washout of inhalational anesthetics from the brain. A model study.

A hypothesis was established that, during emergence of inhalational anesthesia, hyperventilation and accompanying hypocapnia beyond a certain limit may actually disturb rather than enhance the washout of inhalational anesthetics from the brain because of a decreased cerebral blood flow. Two mathematical models were constructed and the washout of nitrous oxide, halothane and methoxyflurane were studied. In model I, the whole body consisted of a single compartment, and blood flow to this compartment was assumed to change proprotionally with the PaCO2. In model 2, the body was divided into two compartments, brain and the rest of the body. It was assumed that the blood flow to the brain compartment varies proportionally with the PaCO2, while that to the rest of the body remains constant. The analysis indicated that there indeed existed the PaCO2 values at which the washout of anesthetics from the brain can be maximally achieved. In model 1, they were 49.0, 22.1 and 9.7 mmHg for nitrous oxide, halothane, and methoxyflurane, respectively. In model 2, these PaCO2 values varied with time. While the hypothesis was proven to be valid, we conclude that it is of limited clinical significance. For halothane and methoxyflurane, these theoretically optimum PaCO2 values are sufficiently low. For nitrous oxide, the variation of PaCO2 makes little difference clinically, because its washout is fast enough regardless of PaCO2.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1978

Vasomotor waves during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Vasomotor waves (VMW) were observed in nine cardiac patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. The period and amplitude of the waves were described together with their consistency and other pertinent data. Effects of several pharmacologic agents on these waves were tested. These VMW are likely to be caused by spontaneous oscillation of presso-regulatory feedback systems. Cerebral ischemic response is suspected to be the most likely candidate. However, no patients showed any gross neurological symptoms in the postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

PAO2-PaO2 relationship for the entire therapeutic range of oxygen in acute respiratory failure.

The PAO2-PaO2 relationship was studied for the entire therapeutic range of oxygen in patients and animals in acute respiratory failure. The method is based on the assumption that the steady state values of PaO2 may be obtained as a mean of the two PaO2 values at an identical F1O2, one obtained 6 min after the F1O2 was raised from a lower level, the other obtained 6 min after the F1O2 was reduced from the higher level. We found that the shunts were large in the low F1O2 range (170 mmHg and below), took a minimum value in the moderate PAO2 range (170 to 300 mmHg), and increased again in the high PAO2 range (300 to 700 mmHg). A similar pattern was observed in the animal experiments, two or more hr following experimentally produced produced aspiration pneumonitis. In contrast, the dogs with bilateral pneumothorax showed a pattern which followed the isoshunt line closely. It was concluded that patients with acute respiratory failure requiring artificial ventilation have two componenents of the pulmonary shunt, one parallel with and the other inversely related with the PAO2. Possible mechanisms for the former were discussed.

Acute Disease↗