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Biomedical subjects

K Svanes

Publications and source records attributed to K Svanes.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of partial gastric devascularization on mucosal blood flow and acid secretion in cats.

Partial devascularization of the stomach was performed in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. The devascularization included all blood vessels along the greater curvature and two of the main branches of the left gastric artery. Gastric mucosal blood flow and cardiac output were determined by means of the microsphere distribution technique. The acid (H+) output from the 30th to the 60th min of pentagastrin stimulation was used as the 'acid response value'. Blood flow and acid secretion were determined before and approximately 2 h after devascularization or sham operation. A marked decrease in acid secretion and mucosal blood flow of the corpus/fundus occurred after devascularization. A high degree of correlation was found between the decrease in acid secretion and the decrease in mucosal blood flow caused by the devascularization. The regression coefficient of acid secretion on mucosal blood flow did not change significantly after devascularization.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Reduced mucosal blood flow and acid secretion related to accelerated healing of gastric ulcer in rats after omentectomy including partial gastric devascularization.

Gastric ulcers were produced in rats by local application of acetic acid to the serosal surface of the stomach. In half of the animals the greater omentum was excised just before the application of acid. Gastric mucosal blood flow was estimated by means of the (14C)-aniline clearance technique. Gastric acid secretion was determined under basal conditions and under pentagastrin stimulation. Removal of the greater omentum resulted in accelerated healing of the gastric ulcers. Maximal acid output and mucosal blood flow were found to be decreased in omentectomized animals 24 h after ulcer induction. 3 weeks later the secretion and blood flow in omentectomized animals did not differ significantly from the values of the control animals. The accelerated ulcer healing in omentectomized animals is assumed to be due to decreased acid secretion resulting from decreased mucosal blood flow following partial devascularization of the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Interaction between acute gastric ulcer and epinephrine-induced mucosal erosions in the rat: the significance of gastric acid secretion.

Gastric mucosal erosions were produced in rats by pyloric occlusion and intraperitoneal injection of epinephrine. Gastric ulcer was induced by application of acetic acid to a limited area of the stomach. pH, total amount of acid and volume of gastric juice were determined 5 h after pyloric occlusion. The presence of an acute acetic acid ulcer partly inhibited the development of mucosal erosions induced by pyloric occlusion and epinephrine. The gastric ulcer was associated with decreased acid secretion. A positive correlation was obtained between the degree of mucosal erosions and the total amount of acid in the stomach.

Acetates↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of the microsphere-method for determination of cardiac output.

Cardiac output was determined by means of radioactive microspheres, 15 +/- 5 microns in diameter. Blood flow in the ascending aorta was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. In eight cats thirty-eight simultaneous measurements were made of cardiac output and aortic flow. The observations correlated well (r = 0.89), with a mean difference of 5.2%, probably corresponding to coronary blood flow. Continuous flow recordings showed no alterations in aortic flow during the injections of microspheres; arterial blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged even after six injections, each consisting of about 2 x 10(5) spheres per kg body weight. Tests for shunting of microspheres were performed and revealed shunt fractions in the systemic circulation of about 8%, with no significant shunting through the lungs. The microsphere method for determining cardiac output is thought to be an accurate method, suitable for small and medium sized animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Aspirin damage to ischemic gastric mucosa in shocked cats.

Cardiac output and blood flow to different regions and layers of the stomach were determined by the microsphere distribution technique. Aspirin tablets were placed in the stomach of anesthetized cats by gastrotomy. In some animals the arterial pressure was reduced to about 60 mmHg for 30 min by bleeding. The gastric mucosal blood flow decreased markedly during the bleeding. Three hours after reinfusion of the blood gastric mucosal erosions were present at the site of contact of the tablet with the mucosa. In most of the non-bled animals no mucosal lesions were found 4 1/2 after aspirin application. No mucosal damage occurred in animals subjected to bleeding without aspirin treatment. It is concluded that the aspirin damage to the gastric mucosa increases under hemorrhagic shock because of mucosal ischemia in the shocked animals.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Experimental Bacteroides fragilis abscess in the rat liver.

Liver abscess was induced in rats by injecting a culture of B. fragilis ss. fragilis (approx. 5X10(6) cells) into devascularized liver tissue. Mixed infection with B. fragilis and aerobes occurred in all animals subjected to repeated laparotomies for bacteriological sampling (4, 7, 14 and 28 days after inoculation). In animals sampled only at 8 or at 42 days after injection, B. fragilis was isolated in pure culture from the majority of animals. The size of abscesses containing B. fragilis in pure culture decreased markedly between 8 and 42 days after inoculation. In inoculated animals and in sham-operated animals with secondary infection histological examination revealed an abscess containing necrotic liver tissue and numerous granulocytes. In sham-operated animals with no bacterial growth the histological examination microscopy revealed a liver infarct with incipient organization and no accumulation of granulocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Gardner's syndrome, diagnosis and treatment. Report on a family.

We have examined 15 members of a family with Gardner's syndrome. In the first and second generations, 4 (possibly 5) of 6 members died of cancer of the colon/rectum. Two of them were known to have plyposis coli. Three members of the third generation had the complete triad of Gardner's syndrome with polyposis coli, soft tissue and hard tissue tumours. Three of 5 children in the fourth generation, aged between 7 and 11 years, probably have polyposis coli, and 2 of them have stigmata of Gardner's syndrome. All members of any family with Gardner's syndrome should be examined regularly at 2--3 year intervals from an age of about 10 years until the diagnosis is established, or if polyposis does not develop, up to the age of 40 years. Proctocolectomy is recommended at the age of 18--20 years or later as soon as the diagnosis is determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Gastric ulceration and changes in acid secretion and mucosal blood flow after partial gastric devascularization in cats.

In anesthetized cats pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and blood flow were determined 2 hours and one week after partial gastric devascularization. The blood flow to different regions and layers of the stomach wall and the cardiac output were determined by means of the microsphere distribution technique. The H+ output from the 30th to the 60th min of pentagastrin stimulation was used as the acid response value. Devascularization resulted in marked decrease in acid secretion after 2 hours and after one week, but the acidity of the gastric juice was not changed. The corpus/fundus mucosal blood flow was markedly reduced 2 hours after devascularization. After one week the blood flow was still low, but not significantly different from sham values. The ratio of acid secretion to mucosal blood flow was not significantly changed one week after devascularization as compared with the acute experiments. All cats examined one week after devascularization had developed ulcers at the midportion of the greater curvature, which was the area of the corpus/fundus that had the most markedly reduced mucosal blood flow. The data indicate that reduced gastric secretion and development of ulcers were due to reduced gastric mucosal blood flow caused by the devascularization. Our results are also discussed in relation to results and complications after highly selective vagotomy in man, as this operation includes partial devascularization of the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Blood flow distribution in the stomach of cats with acute gastric ulcer.

An ulcer was induced in the anterior wall of the antrum of cats by local injection of acetic acid solution. Carbonized microspheres, 15 +/- 5 microns in diameter, labelled with 141Ce, were used to measure blood flow in different regions and layers of the stomach wall. The radioactivity of a blod reference sample and of tissue samples was determined, and the blood flow was calculated for each tissue sample. The gastric tissue samples were examined microscopically, and the level of gastrin in serum was determined. Two groups of anaesthetized animals were used: in one group of animals blood flow was determined 24 h after ulcer induction and in a group of control animals 24 h after laparotomy. In the ulcer animals the gastric blood flow as increased both in the mucosa and in the muscularis in a zone around the ulcer. Microscopic examination revealed tissue necrosis corresponding to the floor of the ulcer and acute inflammatory changes in the gastric wall around the necrotic area. The serum gastrin concentration tended to increase after ulcer induction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of microspheres with different diameters in the small bowel wall of the cat.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution in the small bowel wall of intracardially injected microspheres with different diameters, and to find a sphere size that could be used for determination of blood flow to the different layers of the bowel wall. Microspheres were injected into the left ventricle of the hearts of cats in the following order of succession, 8--10, 15 +/- 5, 25 +/- 5 and 50 +/- 5 micrometer. Samples of the proximal part of the jejunum and the distal part of the ileum were examined microscopically, and the size and the location of the spheres recorded. The following distribution of the microspheres was found: villi 6--16 micrometer, crypt layer 6--20 micrometer, propria below the crypts and the muscularis mucosa 11--24 micrometer, submucosa 9--66 micrometer and muscularis 6--30 micrometer. Spheres between 8 and 13 micrometer appeared to be fairly uniformly distributed in the different layers of the intestinal wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Accelerated healing of gastric ulcer after removal of the greater omentum in rats.

Standardized ulcers were produced in rats by local application of acetic acid to the serosal surface of the stomach. Ulcers induced at the lesser curvature, the greater curvature or the posterior wall were found to be of similar size after 2 and 4 weeks. In a group of animals the greater omentum was excised just before the application of acid. Omentectomized animals and control animals were examined 24 h, 1, 3 and 6 weeks after ulcer induction. In omentectomized animals, the ulcers were usually healed or very small after 3 and 6 weeks, while in the control animals most of the ulcers were still large. It is concluded that omentectomy leads to a marked acceleration in the healing of gastric ulcers in rats.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Release of inflammatory mediators into the gastric wall of rats with acute acetic acid induced ulcer.

An acute, acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats is associated with increased capillary permeability and albumin leakage into the gastric wall surrounding the ulcer. This is an inflammatory reaction, and the present experiment was undertaken in an attempt to identify inflammatory mediators in the gastric wall around the ulcer. Rats were pretreated with inflammatory antagonists, and the protein leakage was estimated by means of 125I-labelled albumin 40--60 min and 4 h after ulcer induction. We found no effect on the protein leakage of mepyramine (antihistamine) deseril (antiserotonin) or indomethacin (antiprostaglandin) given separately, or of the combination of mepyramine and deseril. The combination of all three substances, mepyramine, deseril and indomethacin significantly decreased protein leakage at 4 h after ulcer induction. This indicates that prostaglandins are released in the tissues near the acute ulcer. Cimetidine (histamine-H2-antagonist) did not decrease the protein leakage either alone or in combination with mepyramine (histamine-H1-antagonist).

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Acute gastritis in cats. Effect of water lavage and local hypothermia on gastric blood flow.

In the present investigation gastric blood flow was determined in cat stomachs with acute inflammation during continuous local irrigation with ice water (4 degrees C) or water at body temperature (37 degrees C). Acute gastritis was induced by a 10% acetic acid solution and gastric mucosal and muscularis blood flow were measured by means of gamma-labelled microspheres. The mucosa and muscularis blood flow remained essentially unchanged during irrigation either with ice water or warm water during the observation time of 2 h. The difference in gastric blood flow between the ice-water and warm-water-irrigated groups was not significant.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Interaction between acute gastric ulcer and epinephrine-induced mucosal erosions in the rat.

Gastric mucosal erosions were produced in rats by pyloric occlusion and intraperitoneal injection of epinephrine. Gastric ulcer was induced by the application of acetic acid to the anterior wall of the stomach. The gastric lesions were photographed and examined microscopically. 5 h after pyloric occlusion alone, the gastric mucosa looked essentially normal. After pyloric occlusion and injection of epinephrine, superficial mucosal erosions were observed in the major portion of the fundus. The presence of an acute acetic ulcer was found to inhibit partly or completely the development of mucosal erosions usually induced by pyloric occlusion and injection of epinephrine. It is suggested that this might be due to a local release of inflammatory mediators around the ulcer.

Acetates↗
PubMed1977

Effect of partial devascularization on the blood flow distribution in the cat stomach.

Partial devascularization of the stomach was performed in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Gastric blood flow distribution and cardiac output were determined by means of the microsphere distribution technique. Blood flow was determined before and 30 min after the partial devascularization. Devascularization of the lesser curvature caused a significant decrease in the mucosal and muscularis blood flow at the lesser curvature. After devascularization of the greater curvature, localized reduction in mucosal and muscularis blood flow occurred at the greater curvature. In the sham-operated animals the muscularis blood flow was significantly higher than in the nonoperated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gastric ulceration associated with experimental vascular occlusion.

The left gastric artery was cannulated in 17 cats, and a single dose of microspheres was injected into the artery, after which it was ligated. Microspheres with diameters of 8-10 micrometer induced gastric mucosal erosions that healed within 1-2 weeks. Microscopic examination revealed that there were few microspheres in the submucosa, more in the muscularis and large numbers in the glandular layer. The muscularis mucosae was intact. After injection of 50 +/- 5 micrometer spheres a large gastric ulcer developed. The ulcers healed after 4 weeks. Microscopically, the ulcer penetrated through the muscularis mucosae, and many microspheres were seen in the submucosa and serosa beneath the ulcer.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of pentagastrin on blood flow distribution in the stomach of cats with gastric ulcer.

Ulcer was induced in the anterior wall of the antrum by injection of acetic acid solution. Carbonized microspheres 15 +/- 5 mj in diameter and labelled with 85Sr and 141Ce were used to measure blood flow in different regions and layers of the stomach. The radioactivity of the blood and tissue samples was determined, and the blood flow was calculated for each tissue sample. Three groups of anaesthetized animals were used: 1) animals, with normal stomachs, 2) animals with normal stomachs given pentagastrin, 3)animals with a one-week ulcer given pentagastrin. In animals with normal stomachs given pentagastrin during 20 minutes, the mucosal blood flow increased in all areas of the stomach apart from the antrum. In animals with a gastric ulcer pentagastrin was not found to influence the mucosal blood flow significantly. Pentagastrin was not found to change the muscularis flow in animals with normal stomachs, or in animals with a gastric ulcer.

Acetates↗