PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K T Shenoy

Publications and source records attributed to K T Shenoy.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Rationale and design for the CARDIOVIT Study (Cardiovit, Atherosclerotic vascular disease and hypeRhomocysteinemia: an epiDemiological study in Indians, additionally evaluating the effect of Oral VITamin supplementation).

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), is on the rise in India. Mortality due to CHD is estimated to be 40% higher in Indian Asians compared with Europeans. Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia (hypertHcy) is emerging as a novel independent risk factor for AVD. Moreover, there is increasing evidence of its association with CHD in subjects of Indian origin possibly because of inadequate folic acid and B(12) status. However, there is a lack of epidemiological data on its prevalence in Indians. A need to evaluate the optimum dose of folic acid required to reduce plasma homocyst(e)ine (tHcy) also exists. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The CARDIOVIT study, divided into two stages, is designed to determine the prevalence and relevance of hypertHcy in Indian subjects and also evaluate the tHcy-lowering effect of a marketed multivitamin formulation (Cardiovit). Stage I is a cross-sectional epidemiological study to estimate the prevalence of hypertHcy in a randomly selected population in South India. We planned to screen 2000 subjects between 25 and 64 years of age for established risk factors; plasma tHcy levels will be estimated and the correlation of AVD with established risk factors, plasma tHcy and nutritional factors was evaluated. Subjects having tHcy levels > 12 micromol/L are recruited in Stage II; a randomized, three-arm, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, comparative study designed to evaluate the tHcy-lowering effect of a multivitamin formulation containing 300 microg folic acid, 1 microg vitamin B(12) and 1.5 mg vitamin B(6), along with Vitamins A, C, E and selenium. Subjects will be randomized into three groups (n = 64 completed subjects each) and receive either two placebos, or one placebo and multivitamin, or two multivitamin tablets for 6 weeks. Serum vitamin B(12), serum and red cell folate are estimated at baseline and at 6 weeks. Descriptive, univariate analysis, multiple logistic regression model and appropriate statistical tests will be used to analyse the prevalence of hypertHcy, association with risk factors of AVD, efficacy and safety of the multivitamin formulation and other data per protocol. CONCLUSIONS: CARDIOVIT is one of the first and largest studies in India to provide insight into the prevalence of hypertHcy, its association with AVD and conventional risk factors and the role of multivitamins in reducing it.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Are dental plaque, poor oral hygiene, and periodontal disease associated with Helicobacter pylori infection?

BACKGROUND: The microorganism Helicobacter pylori has been closely linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Despite the current treatment regimens that lead to successful management of H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis, the reinfection rate is high. It has been suggested that one of the possible mechanisms of reinfection is the recolonization from dental plaque. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dental plaque, poor oral hygiene, and periodontal disease were risk factors for H. pylori infection. METHODS: Among the 134 patients, 65 patients who had a positive H. pylori serology or positive rapid urease test or histologic evidence for the presence of H. pylori in antral biopsy specimens were categorized as cases. The remaining 69 patients who were negative for H. pylori serology, the rapid urease test, and histology were controls. RESULTS: It was found that the association of periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene with H. pylori infection was not significant. There was a higher prevalence of H. pylori in the dental plaque of patients with gastric H. pylori infection than in controls, but both groups had a surprisingly high positive urease test for H. pylori in plaque (89% and 71%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori in dental plaque is seldom eliminated by H. pylori-eradication therapy, and this may act as a source for future reinfection. Hence, eradication of H. pylori from the dental plaque should be made an important part of comprehensive management of H. pylori-associated gastric diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus from a large outbreak from Kerala, India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis A is highly prevalent in India and mainly presents as a sporadic disease. This study investigated an outbreak of viral hepatitis at Medical College Hospital area, Kottayam, Kerala state, India during January 2005. METHODS: Blood (133), faecal (1), sewage (4), and water samples (13) were collected. Sera were tested for IgG- and IgM-anti-HAV and IgM antibodies against hepatitis E (IgM-anti-HEV). Sewage, faeces and water samples were tested for HAV RNA in nested RT-PCR and HAV RNA positive samples were further processed for RNA quantitation using Real Time PCR. RESULTS: Of the 1180 total cases, 540 were reported from Medical college area. Two deaths were reported among doctors. Patients from the community gave a previous history of visit to medical college hospital area. The sewage treatment plant at the campus was non-functional since 1990 and the untreated sewage was constantly overflowing and getting mixed with a canal. At the time of the study, all the water sources were superchlorinated. HAV RNA was present in the faeces of hepatitis A patient (1.36 x 10(7) copies/ml), sewage tank (2.57 x 10(3) copies/ml and the canal (<100 copies/ml). None of the 13 water samples concentrated 10,000-fold and the soil sample showed presence of HAV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis based on 5'-non-coding and P2 regions showed HAV-genotype IIIA in all samples. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The aetiological agent of the present outbreak was found to be HAV. Epidemic hepatitis A (genotype-IIIA) is emerging in Indian adults, emphasizing the need for definite policy for control.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2003

Efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia.

To document the clinical efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia an open-label, non-comparative study, was undertaken at the Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, among patients with endoscopically confirmed diagnosis of non-ulcer dyspepsia or chronic gastritis. Itopride hydrochloride 50 mg (1 tablet) thrice a day for 2 weeks was administered among them. Relief of symptoms at the end of two weeks treatment, assessed as marked/complete, moderate, slight, none or worse; QT interval on ECG; adverse events; haemogram; serum chemistry for hepatic and renal functions. None had QT prolongation on ECG. At the end of 2 weeks' treatment, moderate to complete relief of symptoms was reported by 22 patients (73%), whereas 5 (17%) reproted slight improvement, and 3 (10%) reported no improvement. Clinical tolerability was excellent in 28 patients (93%) and good in 2 (7%). None of the patients had any prolongation of QT on ECG, nor did any patient show any abnormality in haemogram or serum chemistry during the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of human immune response to potential hepatitis C viral epitopes.

A peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (PBEIA) has been developed using synthetic peptides whose sequences were selected from the core, envelope and non-structural regions of the prototype hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. Results of PBEIA of sera obtained from several patients with various liver disorders were compared to those of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A large number of samples, which were repeatedly negative in commercial ELISA, were positive in PBEIA. There was a good correlation between the results of PBEIA and RT-PCR. The developed PBEIA proved to be a sensitive assay that had high specificity and was capable of detecting antibodies in various HCV-related liver disorders including the acute phase of the infection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

A cytological study of hepatitis B surface antigen localization using orcein staining in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Twenty patients of suspected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied to test the hypothesis that orcein staining of cytological specimens from HCC can detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). HBsAg status, cytological examination of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material for diagnosis by Papanicolaou and modified orcein staining for HBsAg were carried out. Observer variability and agreement on orcein positivity was assessed and analyzed using kappa statistics. HCC was diagnosed in 13 patients and 8 were HBsAg positive; 8 had orcein positivity as judged by observer 2 and 7 by observer 1. A significant kappa value of 0.837 suggested a high degree of observer agreement in the interpretation of orcein positivity. This technique is safe and quick and can supplement the histopathological diagnosis of hepatitis B virus associated HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hypervascular cavernous angioma at angiography.

Arteriovenous malformations usually do not present any diagnostic difficulty on the angiograms. However, small cryptic and cavernous angiomas cannot be demonstrated directly by arteriography because of either sluggish circulation or thrombosis. The present communication documents a relatively rare case of histologically proven cavernous angioma with a hypervascular pattern on the arteriogram.

Brain Neoplasms↗