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Biomedical subjects

K Takeyama

Publications and source records attributed to K Takeyama.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

In vitro and in vivo electrocardiographic evaluation of the novel calcium antagonist monatepil on cardiac conduction system.

Effects of monatepil ([(+/-)-N-(6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b, e]thiepin-11-yl)-4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinebutyramide]m aleate, AJ-2615, CAS 103377-41-9), a novel calcium antagonist, on the cardiac conduction system were compared by electrocardiography with those of the existing calcium antagonists (diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine) in isolated rabbit heart preparations in vitro and in anesthetized and conscious dogs in vivo. Monatepil (10(-7) mol/l) prolonged the atrio-His bundle conduction time (AH interval) in the Langendorff perfused rabbit heart, like diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine. This prolongation was decreased to 1/10 in the presence of 3.6% bovine serum albumin. In anesthetized dogs, monatepil (0.1-1.0 mg/kg i.v.), unlike diltiazem and verapamil, did not prolong AH interval. In conscious dogs, monatepil even at 100 mg/kg p.o. did not affect electrocardiograms. At the high dose of 300 mg/kg p.o., only a slight prolongation of the QT interval was found, but the QTc interval was not affected. Diltiazem at 10 mg/kg p.o. caused a prolongation of the PR interval and a disappearance of QRS waves. In conscious renal hypertensive dogs, repeated administration of monatepil (10 mg/kg/d p.o. for 29 days) had little effect on the conduction system of the heart examined by electrocardiograms, albeit a persistent fall in blood pressure continued throughout the administration period. The above results suggest that monatepil is a highly safe drug in the treatment of hypertension.

Anesthesia↗

Role of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in airway smooth muscle relaxation by vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide.

To elucidate the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) on airway smooth muscle function, we studied rabbit isolated tracheal segments under isometric conditions in vitro. Addition of VIP and PACAP dose-dependently relaxed tracheal smooth muscle precontracted with acetylcholine, with the order potency being PACAP (1) > or = VIP (0.78), accompanied by the corresponding increase in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. The VIP- and PACAP-induced muscle relaxations were significantly inhibited by ouabain and K(+)-free medium. Incubation of tissues with VIP reduced the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, whereas PACAP had no effect. These results suggest that VIP and PACAP may cause bronchodilation through activation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and that VIP but not PACAP inhibits the release of acetylcholine from the cholinergic nerve terminals.

Acetylcholine↗

[Inhibitory effect on sulfur dioxide on ciliary motility in rabbit tracheal epithelium and its prevention by intracellular cyclic AMP].

To elucidate the role of endogeneous cyclic AMP in the protection against airway mucosal dysfunction induced by air pollutants, we studied the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on ciliary motility in rabbit cultured tracheal epithelium in vitro. Exposure of cells to perfusate bubbled with SO2 rapidly decreased ciliary beat frequency (CBF), as assessed by a photoelectric method, from 971 +/- 12 to 718 +/- 28 beats/min by 3 ppm SO2 and from 963 +/- 22 to 635 +/- 34 beats/min by 10 ppm SO2 (p < 0.001, in each case). This effect was reversed by washing out the SO2-containing medium and was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Preincubation of the epithelial cells with salbutamol, vasoactive intestinal peptide, prostaglandin E2 or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine increased cyclic AMP levels and inhibited the decreases in both CBF and cyclic AMP in response to the subsequent application of SO2 at 3 ppm, whereas dexamethasone had no effect. These results suggest that SO2 decreases airway ciliary motility through the reduction of intracellular cyclic AMP concentration, and that drugs that increase endogeneous cyclic AMP may prevent the SO2-induced impairment of mucociliary transport in the respiratory tract.

Animals↗

Hemorrhagic cystitis associated with allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation for malignant neoplasms in adults.

We investigated the occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis in 30 consecutive adult patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematological and non-hematological malignancies. Ten patients with hematological malignancies received allogeneic BMT, and twenty patients, seven with hematological and 13 with non-hematological malignancies, received autologous BMT. All 30 patients received high-dose cyclophosphamide-containing regimens (120 mg/kg in 16, 200 mg/kg in one, 6000 mg/m2 in 13) as preparative therapies. They all received 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate sodium (mesna) combined with hyperhydration 3 liter/day as prophylaxis for hemorrhagic cystitis. Bladder irrigation was not performed. Overall, five patients (16.7%) developed hemorrhagic cystitis; early-onset (within 48 hours of the end of the high dose chemoradiotherapy) hemorrhagic cystitis occurred in one (3.3%; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-16.7%) and late-onset occurred in four (13.3%; 95% confidence interval, 5.3-29.7%). In three of the four late-onset cases, adenovirus was isolated from the urine specimens at the onset of the hemorrhagic cystitis. Among the 13 patients with non-hematological malignancies receiving autologous BMT, one with recurrent breast cancer developed late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis associated with adenovirus type 11. We conclude the prophylactic measure with mesna and hyperhydration to be effective enough to prevent cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis of early onset. Some BMT recipients, however, even those with non-hematological malignancies undergoing autologous BMT, develop late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis in which adenovirus is considered a principal causative agent.

Adult↗

Effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin III on airway epithelial short-circuit current: involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.

The effects of angiotensin II (AII) and angiotensin III (AIII) on bioelectric properties of canine cultured tracheal epithelium were investigated. Both peptides increased the short-circuit current (Isc), an effect that was accompanied by the release of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and was abolished by indomethacin and diphenylamine-2-carboxylate but not by amiloride. The AII action was not altered by amastatin. The increases in Isc induced by AII and AIII were inhibited by pertussis toxin, whereas cholera toxin had no effect. Thus, both peptides may selectively stimulate airway epithelial Cl- secretion through the activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive regulatory G protein and the subsequent generation of PGE2.

Angiotensin II↗

Effect of erythromycin on ciliary motility in rabbit airway epithelium in vitro.

The effect of erythromycin on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of rabbit tracheal epithelium was studied by a microphoto-oscillation technique in vitro. Addition of erythromycin dose-dependently increased CBF, the maximal increase from the baseline value and EC50 being 23.3 +/- 4.5% (P less than 0.001) and 6.8 +/- 0.9 mg/L, respectively. This effect was not influenced by autonomic receptor antagonists, blockers of arachidonic acid metabolism, Ca(2+)-free medium, or inhibition of protein kinase C and protein kinase A activities.

Animals↗

Serum secretory leukoprotease inhibitor levels to diagnose pneumonia in the elderly.

In pneumonia in the elderly, one occasionally encounters difficulties in evaluation with respect to both clinical observation and treatment. Thus a simple serum indicator is indicated. We measured secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in sera to see whether this can provide a useful indicator for pneumonia, especially in the elderly. Serum samples from patients over 65 yr of age, with (n = 54) or without (n = 87) pneumonia, and from healthy, young (n = 16) and aged (n = 188) control subjects were assayed using ELISA for human SLPI. Comparisons were made between groups with clinical diagnoses of either definite or probable pneumonia and among cases with various other respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. The mean SLPI concentration in patients with pneumonia was significantly higher than in patients without pneumonia or in healthy controls. The data suggest that the measurement of SLPI can provide a useful indicator for pneumonia to be used in clinical evaluation.

Aged↗

Stimulation of Na absorption by the antiasthmatic kampo drug Saiboku-to in cultured airway epithelium.

To study the effect of the Kampo drug Saiboku-to (TJ-96) on ion transport function of airway epithelial cells, we studied bioelectric properties of cultured tracheal epithelium from dogs under short-circuit conditions in vitro. Addition of TJ-96 (1 mg/ml) to the mucosal solution of the Ussing chamber increased the epithelial short-circuit current (SCC) from 6.5 +/- 0.7 to 11.4 +/- 1.6 microA/cm2 (P less than 0.001). This effect was dose-dependent, with the maximal increase from the baseline value and the concentration required to produce a half-maximal effect (EC50) being 70.5 +/- 12.6% (P less than 0.001) and 3 micrograms/ml, respectively; and there were corresponding increases in transepithelial potential difference and cell conductance. Submucosal addition of TJ-96 likewise increased SCC, although the magnitude of the response was smaller as compared with the response to the mucosal addition. The TJ-96-induced increase in SCC was not affected by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate or furosemide but abolished by amiloride. Intracellular cyclic AMP levels were dose-dependently increased by TJ-96. These results indicate that TJ-96 may selectively stimulate Na absorption across the tracheal epithelium, probably through intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP.

Animals↗

[Pharmacological evidence for the existence of beta 3-adrenergic receptors in canine airway smooth muscle].

There is increasing evidence for the existence of a third atypical beta-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-adrenoceptor) in various tissues including adipocytes, cardiac myocytes and intestinal smooth muscle preparations. In the present study, to determine whether beta 3-adrenoceptors also exist in the airway smooth muscle, we studied isolated bronchial segments from dogs under isometric conditions in vitro. Application of beta-adrenoceptor agonists produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of tissues precontracted with 10(-5) M acetylcholine, the order of potency being isoproterenol (1) > or = salbutamol, a beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonist (0.95) > or = BRL 37344, a beta 3-selective adrenoceptor agonist, (0.83) >> norepinephrine (0.10). Under the condition in which alpha- and beta 1-adrenoceptors had been blocked by phentolamine and ICI 89406, respectively, the relaxant response to salbutamol was competitively antagonized by the beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118551, and the pA2 value was 7.01 +/- 0.25 (mean +/- SE), whereas the response to BRL 37344 was resistant, with of apparent pA2 value of 5.66. However, cyanopindolol, an antagonist atypical beta-adrenoceptors, antagonized BRL 37344-induced relaxation in a competitive fashion with a pA2 of 6.74 +/- 0.11. This pA2 value was lower than that when salbutamol was used as an agonist (p < 0.05). These results indicate that beta 3-adrenoceptors probably exist in canine bronchial smooth muscle, and that stimulation of this type of receptors produces potent bronchodilation. Therefore, a specific agonist for beta 3-adrenoceptors could be valuable in the treatment of asthma.

Acetylcholine↗

[High dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation and G-CSF for hematologic malignancies].

High dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) is one of the cure-oriented therapies for hematologic malignancies. Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are currently used to stimulate hematopoiesis in various cytopenic conditions including post BMT. Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) significantly accelerates granulocyte recovery after ABMT. Earlier recovery of neutrophils is associated with lower incidence of severe infections and shorter duration of reverse barrier nursing and hospitalization. Widespread use of G-CSF in ABMT may contribute to managing this treatment safely in multi-centers. Further prospective clinical study to define the optimal application and timing of HDCT with ABMT in hematologic malignancies is required.

Acute Disease↗

[Effect of saibokuto on mucociliary transport system in the airway--basic and clinical assessments].

We studied the effects of Saibokuto, an antiasthmatic agent, on the airway mucociliary transport system. The addition of Saibokuto to a Rose chamber containing rabbit cultured tracheal epithelium dose-dependently increased ciliary beat frequency (CBF) as assessed by a photoelectric method: the maximal increase from the baseline value was 31.5 +/- 5.2% (p less than 0.001) and the concentration of Saibokuto required to produce a half-maximal effect (EC50) was 10(-4) mg/ml. This effect was not affected by the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol or Ca(2+)-free medium, but was inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Intracellular cyclic AMP levels were increased from 45.6 +/- 8.2 to 72.1 +/- 12.6 pmole/mg protein by 1.0 mg/ml Saibokuto (p less than 0.05). Thus, Saibokuto enhances ciliary motility probably through the synthesis of cyclooxygenase products and cyclic AMP. Additionally, administration of this drug to patients with chronic bronchitis, asthma and bronchiectasis improved their problems with sputum expectoration and reduced the amount of daily sputum (p less than 0.001). Therefore, Saibokuto may be of value in the treatment of patients with impaired mucociliary transport function in the airway.

Animals↗

Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates ciliary motility in rabbit tracheal epithelium: modulation by neutral endopeptidase.

We studied the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on ciliary activity in rabbit cultured tracheal epithelium by a photoelectric method in vitro. Administration of VIP (10(-7) M) elicited an increase in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) from the baseline values of 970 +/- 52 to 1139 +/- 75 beats/min (mean +/- S.E., P less than 0.01). This ciliostimulatory effect was dose-dependent, with the maximal increase and EC50 value being 17.4 +/- 1.0% (P less than 0.05) and 6.10(-11) M, respectively. The VIP-induced increase in CBF was abolished by pretreatment of cells with [4-Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17]-VIP, a VIP receptor antagonist. The neutral endopeptidase inhibitor phosphoramidon (10(-5) M) potentiated the effect of VIP, so that the CBF dose-response curve for VIP was shifted to lower concentrations by 0.5 log U. The administration of VIP increased cyclic AMP levels in epithelial cells, an effect that was also potentiated by phosphoramidon. These results suggest that VIP may interact with its specific receptors and stimulate airway ciliary activity probably through the activation of adenylate cyclase, and that neutral endopeptidase may play a role in modulating this effect of VIP.

Animals↗

Lipopolysaccharide from Klebsiella pneumoniae inhibits Na+ absorption in canine tracheal epithelium.

The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Klebsiella pneumoniae on the bioelectric properties of canine cultured tracheal epithelium was examined. LPS decreased short-circuit current (Isc), and its effects on Isc were reduced when Isc was inhibited by amiloride and indomethacin. We speculate that LPS may selectively inhibit Na+ absorption through the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by airway epithelium.

Absorption↗

[Effect of roxithromycin on ciliary motility of rabbit tracheal epithelium in culture].

Mucociliary transport plays an important role in the lung defense mechanism by clearing inhaled particles and bacteria from the respiratory tract. In the present study, we tried to determine whether roxithromycin (RXM), a new semisynthetic macrolide, can affect airway mucociliary functions and, if so, what the mechanism of its action is. To do so we measured ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of rabbit cultured tracheal epithelium by a photoelectric method. Addition of RXM (10(-4) M) to a Rose chamber containing epithelial cells caused a rapid increase in CBF from 12.1 +/- 0.6 to 16.2 +/- 0.8 Hz (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.001) within 5 min. This effect was dose-dependent, the maximal increase from the baseline CBF and EC50 being 34.6 +/- 5.0% and 3 x 10(-6)M, respectively. The increase in CBF produced by RXM (3 x 10(-6)M) was not influenced by pretreatment of cells with the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol, the lipoxygenase inhibitor AA-861, or the Ca(2+)-channel blocker verapamil, but it was partially reduced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (p less than 0.05). Intracellular cyclic AMP levels were increased by 10(-4)M RXM from 42.3 +/- 8.7 to 72.7 +/- 7.0 pmoles/mg protein (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that RXM stimulates ciliary motility; an effect that may be attributed at least in part to the synthesis of cyclooxygenase products and cyclic AMP, and suggest that this macrolide could be useful in treating patients with impaired mucociliary transport in the airway.

Animals↗

[Effect of histamine on electrical properties of airway epithelium and its antagonism by azelastine].

To elucidate the mechanism of the action of histamine on bioelectric properties of the airway epithelium and the fact that the anti-allergic agent azelastine is possibly antagonistic to it, we studied canine cultured tracheal epithelium under short-circuit conditions in vitro. Addition of histamine to the submucosal but not mucosal bath of Ussing chamber increased short-circuit current (Isc) in a dose-dependent fashion, the maximal increase and the EC50 value being 5.7 +/- 0.9 microA/cm2 (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.001) and 3 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Pretreatment of tissues with pyrilamine abolished the histamine-induced increase in Isc (p less than 0.001), whereas cimetidine had no effect. In addition, the histamine action on Isc was effectively depressed by the Cl channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, Cl-free medium, and indomethacin. The release of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was significantly enhanced by the submucosal application of histamine. Pretreatment of tissues with azelastine dose-dependently attenuated the increase in Isc induced by 10(-4) M histamine. These results indicate that histamine increases the airway epithelial Isc via stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and subsequent movement of Cl toward the lumen, and that azelastine may be useful in preventing histamine-induced water secretion in the airway.

Animals↗

Severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis following autologous bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with high dose intravenous acyclovir.

A 17-year-old male patient with T-cell type lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete remission underwent high dose chemotherapy (busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). The patient had been taking oral acyclovir (200 mg x 5) daily from seven days prior to the ABMT (day -7). On day +24, he complained of epigastralgia and general malaise, and the next day his GOT and GPT rose to 570 U/l and 397 U/l, respectively. Although he had no mucocutaneous lesions, hepatitis caused by a herpes virus was suspected, and high dose intravenous acyclovir (10 mg/kg x 3/day) was immediately started. His GOT, GPT and total bilirubin reached peaks of 2,870 U/l on day +26, 1,830 U/l on day +27 and 10.3 mg/dl on day +39, respectively, and rapidly improved thereafter. Serological analyses on IgG antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed specific increases (454-fold before transplantation to 3,830-fold on day +46). Antiviral antibody titers to cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus showed no significant changes. The serologic markers of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus and hepatitis C virus were all negative. The results indicate the patient's severe icteric hepatitis to have been caused by a reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 due to immunosuppression after high dose chemotherapy with ABMT. It is suggested that prompt commencement of high dose intravenous acyclovir is required to treat severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis affecting immunocompromised patients.

Acyclovir↗

[Effect of histamine on electrical properties in canine tracheal epithelium].

To characterize the action of histamine on ion transport across the airway mucosa, we measured the electrical properties of cultured tracheal epithelium from dogs by Ussing's short-circuited technique in vitro. The addition of histamine to the submucosal side increased short-circuit current (Isc), whereas mucosal addition of histamine had no effect. The histamine-induced increase in Isc was dose-dependent with the maximal increase from the baseline value and EC50 being 4.4 +/- 0.5 microA/cm2 and 10(-6) M, respectively. We also tested the effects of pharmacological blocking agents on the histamine-induced Isc increase. The effect of histamine on Isc was partially inhibited by pretreatment of cells with amiloride, furosemide and diphenylamine carboxylate. Furthermore, the effect of histamine was inhibited by pyrilamine, but not by cimetidine. To determine the contributions of several intracellular second messenger systems to the histamine-induced increase in Isc, we studied the change of Isc by pretreatment of cells with indomethacin, mepacrine and H-7. The increase in Isc produced by histamine was inhibited by indomethacin and mepacrine but not H-7. These results suggest that histamine stimulates both Cl secretion and Na absorption and may affect the subsequent movement of water across the airway epithelium through the activation of submucosal H1-receptor probably involving prostaglandin synthesis.

Animals↗