Side effects of phenytoin related to the xenobiotics metabolism by cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenase of liver microsomes in dark Agouti rats.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
K Taki
Publications and source records attributed to K Taki.
Solitary bone plasmacytoma terminally developed myeloma with multiple extramedullary lesions and myelomatous pleural effusion and ascites.
A rare case of IgG-kappa type multiple myeloma associated with multiple extramedullary tumor-forming lesions and myelomatous pleural effusion and ascites is reported. The patient suffered from sternal solitary plasmacytoma, which 5 years later developed disseminated tumor formation with myeloma cells mostly in the soft tissues. At autopsy, multiple extramedullary lesions particularly in the abdominal cavity and myelomatous pleural effusion and ascites were observed without diffuse infiltration of myeloma cells in the bone marrow. The disseminating change from solitary bone plasmacytoma to extramedullary tumor formation seen in this case seemed to be unusual but suggestive of a feature of an aggressive tendency of multiple myeloma.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
The inhibitory actions of protease inhibitors on the production of polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase and interleukin 8.
The inhibitory actions of Ulinastatin, which is a protease inhibitor, on the production of polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN-elastase) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) in vascular endothelial cells were evaluated. Our findings suggest that IL-8 plays a role in the production of PMN-elastase. Ulinastatin inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and the production of IL-8 in vascular endothelial cells. Ulinastatin also inhibited the LPS-stimulated production of PMN-elastase in PMN.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
[Reevaluation of spinal anesthesia in elderly people--an evaluation of circulatory changes].
Appropriate methods of anesthesia for the elderly people are being discussed as the ratio of elderly people in our society increases. During spinal anesthesia, hypotension was frequently observed in patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coronary deficiency, and so on. It is also difficult to pass the needle between degenerated vertebrae. However, general inhaled anesthesia accompanies the respiratory complications and consciousness derangement after surgical operations more frequently than after spinal anesthesia. In this study, circulatory conditions during spinal anesthesia in elderly people (30-91 years old) were analyzed in 109 cases of spinal anesthesia. Hypotension occurred about 10 minutes and 40-60 minutes after injection of anesthetics and was frequent in patients of high aged group, but tachycardia was not observed among them. In addition, their blood pressure in the recovery room could not recover to the level before anesthesia. It is thought that hypotension during spinal anesthesia was induced by the vascular dilatation caused by sympathetic nerve block and the deficiency of reflective venous constriction in upper extremities and abdominal organs. Tachycardia may also produce hypotension. However, the reflexive vasoconstriction and tachycardia are thought to be poor on account of arteriosclerosis and down regulation of beta-receptor in elderly people. Therefore, during spinal anesthesia in the elderly people, the catecholamine released by the surgical stimulation could not increase blood pressure effectively. To prevent hypotension during spinal anesthesia in elderly people, it is advisable to employ the treatment for upregulation of beta-receptor before anesthesia and the administration of alpha . beta-receptor, epinephrine and dopamine for control of blood pressure during spinal anesthesia.
Aged↗
Effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on lung vascular permeability in the rat.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of sympathetic nerves in increasing lung vascular permeability. An isolated rat sympathetic nerve-lung preparation was used. Three minutes after an increase in lung weight was induced by elevating the intravascular pressure, stimulation of sympathetic nerves was performed in the presence of papaverine, which further increased the lung weight in a graded manner. After the nerve stimulation, deposits of carbon were observed in alveolar macrophages and perivascular walls, indicating an increase in vascular permeability. The response of lung weight to the sympathetic nerve stimulation was altered, depending on the magnitude of intravascular pressure change as well as on the voltage and frequency of electrical stimulation. Furthermore, these responses were prevented by tetrodotoxin. Calculation of the relationship between the maximal slope of the graded lung weight gain and the slope obtained just before the nerve stimulation gave a slope ratio at a frequency of 30 cps in normal rats of 4.47 +/- 0.21. Treatment with phentolamine diminished the value to 1.93 +/- 0.15, and with reserpine, to 1.43 +/- 0.14. In reserpinized rats, the slope ratio was restored by an administration of norepinephrine to 2.11 +/- 0.05 at 30 cps, being further increased by propranolol and blocked partially by phentolamine. The capillary filtration coefficient was not affected by either of the agents. In capsaicin-treated rats, sympathetic nerve stimulation did not cause any response in terms of lung weight (slope ratio = 1.0).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[A case of obstructive ileus following the upper Gi barium swallow study with condensed barium due to severe constipation].
A 64-year-old woman visited my clinic with complaints of abdominal distension, constipation, and nausea. Since abdominal X-ray showed severe obstructive ileus following the upper GI barium swallow study, the patient was sent immediately to Saga Medical School Hospital for the emergency operation. As the result of the left hemicolectomy, two obstructive lesions were found at the sigmoid colon and the transverse colon. Nowadays, as the population of aged people increases and Japanese diet changes, colon cancers are increasing more rapidly. Since the half of colon cancers doesn't have any clinical symptoms of obstruction, the upper GI barium swallow study with condensed barium might lead a patient to some type of dangerous situation.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effects of a new nitro compound on the systemic circulatory system in dogs.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of a newly synthesized nitro compound (E-4701) on the systemic circulatory system with special reference to venous return and vascular compliance. Dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. After opening the chest, cannulae were inserted into the superior and inferior vena cavae and into the right atrial appendage. The venous flow from the caval veins was redirected to a blood reservoir with an outlet at a constant height. The blood was pumped into the right atrium at a constant flow rate. E-4701 had a hypotensive effect, and also caused a decrease in reservoir blood volume; i.e., a decrease in venous return. Venous return via the superior vena cava was increased, whereas return via the inferior vena cava was decreased. Similar effects on the systemic circulatory system were observed with nitroprusside. The lowest dose of nitroprusside that caused a significant reduction in blood pressure was the same dose as that which caused a decrease in reservoir blood volume. However, a low dose of E-4701 caused a significant reduction in reservoir blood volume without affecting the systemic blood pressure. Arterial and venous compliances were increased by both E-4701 and nitroprusside. Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate increased venous compliance, but did not affect arterial compliance. The results suggest that E-4701 caused an almost equipotent reduction in blood pressure and venous return by dilating the arterial and venous vascular beds. The capacitance vessels may be more sensitive to E-4701 than the resistance vessels.
Animals↗
Lung vascular permeability enhanced by sympathetic nerve stimulation in rats.
Role of sympathetic nerves in increasing the lung vascular permeability was investigated in the presence of papaverine using an isolated rat lung perfusion preparation. Sympathetic nerve stimulation was performed at different time points before and after pressure-induced weight gain. When stimulated at 3 or 7 min after the pressure associated increment, stimulation evoked a further increase in lung weight, particularly in the former case. In contrast, stimulation performed before or 15 min after the pressure increment elicited no such response. The histological finding of carbon particles in the perivascular wall after sympathetic nerve stimulation also provided direct evidence of increased lung vascular permeability.
Animals↗
Effect of methylprednisolone on recovery of beta-adrenergic desensitization in rat hearts.
The effects of methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol, CAS 83-43-2) on isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced decreases in the number of beta-receptors and adenylate cyclase activities in rat hearts. Rats were divided into 4 groups: 1. the control group, untreated; 2. the ISPOd group; 3. the ISP7d group, 10 mg/kg of isoprenaline was subsequently injected once a day for 6 successive days, and rats were cervically dislocated 15 h or 7 days after the last isoprenaline injection, respectively; 4. the ISP + MP7d group, 20 mg/kg of methylprednisolone was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 7 successive days following 6 successive days of isoprenaline injection, and rats were cervically dislocated. A significant decrease in the number of beta-receptors was observed (28.9 +/- 4.2 fmol/mg protein) after 6 successive isoprenaline injections compared with the control (41.7 +/- 3.6), and this significant decrease persisted for 7 days (32.6 +/- 5.8). Administration of methylprednisolone accelerated the recovery of beta-receptors (38.4 +/- 5.1) 7 days after the last isoprenaline injection. Adenylate cyclase activities were also decreased by successive isoprenaline treatments (isoprenaline-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, 13.9 +/- 2.7 pmol/min/mg protein; basal adenylate cyclase activity, 11.2 +/- 1.7) compared with the control (isoprenaline-stimulated, 25.7 +/- 3.7; basal, 18.1 +/- 2.4). Significant decreases in adenylate cyclase activities were observed 7 days after isoprenaline administration (isoprenaline-stimulated, 17.7 +/- 3.9; basal, 14.8 +/- 2.4). Methylprednisolone also accelerated the recoveries (isoprenaline-stimulated, 20.3 +/- 2.9; basal, 17.1 +/- 3.9). These results indicate that methylprednisolone accelerated the recovery of the decrease in beta-adrenergic responsiveness caused by successive administrations of isoprenaline.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
[Use of iontophoretic anesthesia for venipuncture].
The usefulness of iontophoretic anesthesia with 10% lidocaine was evaluated on insertion of venous catheters on 38 blood donors in a blood bank and on 41 patients in a hospital, after the arm was charged for 3, 6 or 9 minutes with 1.5 mA of electricity by using a hand-made iontophoretic anesthesia apparatus. In the blood donor group, the pain-relief effect was observed in 25% of donors after charging for 3 min; in 68% after 6 min; and in 93% after 9 min. In the patient group, anesthesia was observed in 14% of patients after 6 min and in 65% after 9 min though the effect was observed in 81% after 6 min and in 65% after 9 min. But only 45-48% of subjects in both groups requested the anesthesia after charging for either 6 or 9 min. This suggests that the duration for 9 min was not liked by the subject despite the pain on insertion. Therefore it is concluded that the charging duration of the iontophoresis must be shorter for this method to become useful as local anesthesia.
Adult↗
Effects of antiarrhythmic agents classified as class III group on ischaemia-induced myocardial damage in canine hearts.
1. The cardioprotective effects of antiarrhythmic agents classified as class III, amiodarone, sotalol and E-4031, were investigated in anaesthetized dogs. 2. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 2 h. 3. Heart mitochondria were prepared from both the ischaemic and non-ischaemic areas, and their function was estimated polarographically. 4. Activities of the lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, were measured in each fraction. 5. Two hour occlusion induced ventricular arrhythmias, and amiodarone, sotalol and E-4031 greatly suppressed the development of arrhythmias. 6. Amiodarone, sotalol and E-4031 significantly protected mitochondria against ischaemia, and prevented ischaemia-induced leakage of lysosomal enzymes. 7. Antiarrhythmic agents classified as class III show cardioprotective effects, which might participate in their antiarrhythmic effect.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
[Pathological studies of multiple submucosal gastric gland lesions in thirty-eight cases].
We have examined 38 stomachs with the adenocarcinoma and multiple submucosal gastric gland (SG) lesions. Almost the SG lesions consisted of the foveolar epithelium, which stained negative with alcian blue whereas the ordinary glands stained positive with con-A (III), or with both types of epithelium, and they had no atypicality. Only 14 out of 2,188 SG lesions (0.63%) showed atypical proliferation. Three hundred and forty-nine out of 1,535 SG that were examined by lysozyme staining were strongly lysozyme positive. Almost all the propria mucosa in the areas of the minute SG showed erosive lesions with an atrophy of ordinary glands, glandular erosion, and a regenerative epithelium. Eleven stomachs (11/38 cases, 29.0%) had multiple adenocarcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Cardioprotective effects of various class I antiarrhythmic drugs in canine hearts.
This study was designed to clarify the cardioprotective effects of various class I antiarrhythmic drugs, i.e., aprindine, disopyramide, flecainide, lidocaine, mexiletine, pentisomide and propafenone, on the ischemic heart. Sixty-one adult mongrel dogs were classified into eight groups according to premedication: 1) control group, physiologic saline solution was administered intravenously 25 min before left anterior descending coronary artery ligation; 2) aprindine group, 3 mg/kg body weight of aprindine intravenously; 3) disopyramide group, 2 mg/kg of disopyramide intravenously; 4) flecainide group, 2 mg/kg of flecainide intravenously followed by drip infusion of 100 micrograms/kg per min; 5) lidocaine group, 2 mg/kg of lidocaine intravenously followed by drip infusion of 100 micrograms/kg per min; 6) mexiletine group, 3 mg/kg per min of mexiletine intravenously followed by drip infusion of 15 micrograms/kg per min; 7) pentisomide group, 5 mg/kg intravenously; and 8) propafenone group, 2 mg/kg intravenously. Arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the experiment. Two hours after coronary occlusion, the heart was excised. Myocardial mitochondria were prepared and mitochondrial function (the respiratory control index and the rate of oxygen consumption in state III) was measured polarographically. Fractionation of myocardial tissues was performed and the lysosomal enzyme (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) activities among fractions were measured. No significant hemodynamic changes were observed compared with the control group except for those in the disopyramide and flecainide groups; that is, decrease in heart rate without changes in blood pressure compared with the control group was observed. All antiarrhythmic drugs effectively prevented the development of ventricular arrhythmias associated with ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
[A clinical study of amino acid metabolism in cancerous hypoproteinemia--the role of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and appropriate compositions of BCAA in parenteral nutrition].
In order to determine the nutritional effects of BCAA compositions in the treatment of cancerous hypoproteinemia, the appropriate ratio of I-leu: Leu: Val and the proportion of BCAA to Total Amino Acids were investigated. As for results, indices such as the serum albumin, the RBP and N-balance quickly recovered to normal levels when the ratio of I-leu: Leu: Val was 1.0:1.8:1.0 and the proportion o BCAA to TAA was 31%. These composition thus may be suitable for the treatment of cancerous hypoproteinemia.
Amino Acids↗
[CO2 elimination in ophthalmic surgery after administration of acetazolamide].
The authors studied the influence on CO2 elimination in lungs of acetazolamide given before ophthalmic surgery. The changes in PaCO2, PETCO2, (a-ET) PCO2, ventilation volume (VE), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured before and 6 hours after administration of acetazolamide (500mg, p. o.). Comparison of PETCO2, PaCO2, (a-ET) PCO2, VE and RR after the operation with or without treatment with acetazolamide showed that (a-ET) PCO2 increased significantly and the increase of PaCO2 in post-anesthesia period was less with the treatment of acetazolamide. In other words, ventilation was stimulated by acetazolamide as the decrease in VE was less in post-anesthesia period. It may be concluded that oral administration of acetazolamide 500mg does not interfere with CO2 elimination.
Acetazolamide↗
[Changes in (a-ET) PCO2 produced by acetazolamide in red cells, not in plasma].
The changes in (a-ET) PCO2, concentration of acetazolamide and inhibition rate of carbonic anhydrase in blood were measured for 3 hours after administration of acetazolamide to anesthetized dogs, in order to find whether the changes in (a-ET) PCO2 was in response to the concentration of acetazolamide in red cells or plasma. 1. The increase in (a-ET) PCO2 was stable for 3 hours after administration of acetazolamide (5-30 mg/kg). 2. According to the concentration of acetazolamide measured by HPLC, the concentration in erythrocytes increased quickly but decreased more slowly than in plasma. The concentration of acetazolamide in erythrocytes became higher than in plasma after 3 hours. 3. The change in the inhibition rate of CA activity in red cells and in plasma paralleled to the concentration of acetazolamide in red cells and in plasma. 4. (a-ET) PCO2 levels could be raised by low CA activity inhibited by acetazolamide in red cells, not in plasma. 5. Remaining in higher concentration of acetazolamide in erythrocytes might be occurred by the reason that acetazolamide combines with protein, especially CA, in erythrocytes to be unable to pass through the erythrocytes membrane smoothly.
Acetazolamide↗
[A case of apnea during spinal anesthesia after intravenous injection of sedatives].
During spinal anesthesia for appendectomy (sensory level: -Th7), apnea occurred for about 20 minutes by intravenous administration of diazepam. Since the patient showed hyperventilation sign before the incident, this apnea might be caused by low PaCO2 and stopping respiratory stimulation from psychological unrest when diazepam, pentazocine and droperidol were administered. In the postoperative period, this patient showed normal neurologic and psychosomatic functions. In such a case as this, long duration of apnea might damage brain by severe hypoxia. Apnea after hyperventilation during spinal anesthesia as observed in this case could lead to a serious accident.
Adult↗
The effect of cibenzoline on myocardial damages in dogs.
The antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects of cibenzoline (4,5-dihydro-2-(2,2-diphenylcyclopropyl)-1H-imidazole) were investigated. Nineteen adult mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups; in the control group, physiological saline (25 ml) was administered, and 20 min after, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 2 h; in the cibenzoline group, cibenzoline (2 mg/kg), was administered 10 min before 2 h LAD occlusion. Blood pressure and appearance of arrhythmias were monitored throughout the experiment. Two h after occlusion, mitochondria were prepared from both ischemic and non-ischemic areas in each group, and their functions were measured polarographically. Fractionation of myocardial tissue from both ischemic and non-ischemic areas was performed, and activities of lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) were measured in each fraction. Administration of cibenzoline significantly reduced the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias in association with ischemia. Cibenzoline did not change significantly blood pressure and heart rate. In the control group, mitochondrial dysfunction and leakage of lysosomal enzymes induced by 2 h occlusion were observed. Administration of cibenzoline maintained significantly mitochondrial function and prevented significantly leakage of lysosomal enzymes. These results indicated that cibenzoline has a cardioprotective as well as an antiarrhythmic effect on ischemic myocardium.
Animals↗