Diaper dermatitis and perianal pseudoverrucous papules.
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Buttocks↗
Biomedical subjects
K Tamaki
Publications and source records attributed to K Tamaki.
Relationship between steatocystoma multiplex and eruptive vellus hair cysts.
Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) and eruptive vellus hair cysts (EVHC) share a clinical resemblance, but have distinctive histologic features. We describe a patient who had both SM and EVHC lesions and discuss the relationship between the two diseases. We believe that SM and EVHC are within the spectrum of the same disease process and could both be termed multiple pilosebaceous cysts.
Abdomen↗
Sympathetic and metabolic mechanisms of the cerebrovasomotor function of the caudal ventrolateral medulla in rats.
We attempted to elucidate the cerebrovasomotor function of the caudal ventrolateral medulla. Sixty-one rats were anaesthetized, paralysed and artificially ventilated. The microsphere method was employed for the measurement of blood flow. Microinjection of an antagonist of excitatory amino acids, kynurenate (2 nmol), into functionally identified depressor sites within the caudal ventrolateral medulla produced arterial hypertension of about 140 mmHg. We found that the cerebral blood flow was substantially increased, but was maintained at the same level (17 rats) as that observed under phenylephrine-induced hypertension (26 rats). Bilateral severing of the cervical sympathetic trunks resulted in a further increase in blood flow in all brain regions studied (18 rats). The response was most significant in the cerebral parasagittal cortex (164 +/- 31% of baseline without, and 211 +/- 43% with sympathectomy; mean +/- S.D.; P < 0.001). The contributions of the cerebral metabolic mechanism to this flow increase under denervation was minimal, as evidenced by the observation of disproportionately smaller changes in cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen during any type of hypertension. We conclude that the cerebrovasomotor functions of the caudal ventrolateral medulla may operate to keep an equilibrium between simultaneously working tonic inhibitions against sympathetic vasoconstriction as well as against vasodilatation. This dual effect is mediated by excitatory amino acid receptors located within this particular brain area. The vasodilator mechanism may be of neurogenic origin. When the function of the brain area is suppressed, the subsequently disinhibited vasodilator mechanism dominates the cerebrovascular autoregulatory function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Identification of an equivalent to murine Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells in the rat epidermis.
In the murine epidermis, there exist Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells (Thy-1+DEC). These cells are Thy-1+, CD45+, CD3+ and asialo GM1+ but CD5-, CD4-, CD8-, or Ia-1-, and express T cell receptor (TCR) gamma delta. Recently, most of these TCR gamma delta of Thy-1 DEC are shown to consist of a V gamma 3-V delta 1 combination. There has been no evidence that the same type of cell population exists in other species except mice. In this study, we investigated the existence of a Thy-1+DEC equivalent in the rat epidermis. The epidermal sheets obtained from rats were stained with various monoclonal antibodies to rat lymphocytes. We developed a monoclonal antibody (1F4) to rat CD3 complex. 1F4 stained thymocytes and peripheral T cells and also immunoprecipitated T cell receptor with CD3 complex. Using 1F4 and a recently developed monoclonal antibody to rat TCR alpha beta, we could identify dendritic CD4-, CD8-, CD5-, CD3+, TCR alpha beta- cells in the rat epidermis. These CD3+, TCR alpha beta- cells are strong candidates as an equivalent to TCR gamma delta + murine Thy-1+ DEC.
Animals↗
Effects of angiotensin and atrial natriuretic peptide on the cerebral circulation.
The purpose of the present study was to determine effects of angiotensin (ANG) II on the cerebral circulation. We measured the pial artery pressure (PAP) and CBF in anesthetized rabbits. ANG II (5 micrograms/min) was infused into each carotid artery, and systemic arterial pressure was maintained constant. During infusion of ANG II, there was a significant increase in CBF and fall of PAP, with no change in the large artery resistance (LAR) and a significant decrease in the small vessel resistance (SVR). To investigate whether prostaglandin modulated the ANG II-induced increase in CBF, indomethacin was administered (10 mg/kg i.v.) in another group of animals. Indomethacin itself reduced PAP and increased LAR significantly without changing CBF or SVR. Indomethacin did not attenuate the effects of ANG II on the cerebral circulation. The CMRO2 was assessed during ANG II intracarotid infusion in another group of rabbits. CMRO2 did not change during infusion of ANG II. We also investigated effects of alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the cerebral circulation. Infusion of ANP (1 microgram/min) decreased LAR by 28% (p less than 0.05) without altering SVR. Administration of ANG II after ANP tended to reduce LAR (p greater than 0.05), with a significant decrease in SVR. The results of the present study suggest that high doses of ANG II can produce cerebral vasodilatation, particularly of small vessels. Blood-borne ANP dilated the large arteries of the cerebral circulation selectively and neither interfered with nor reversed the ANG II-induced increase in CBF.
Angiotensin II↗
Minisatellite variant repeat (MVR) mapping: analysis of 'null' repeat units at D1S8.
Minisatellite variant repeat mapping by PCR (MVR-PCR) is a new approach to studying variation in human DNA which analyses interspersion patterns of variant repeats within minisatellite arrays. MVR-PCR has been applied to the hypervariable human minisatellite D1S8 which contains two major classes of variant 29bp repeat units designated a-type and t-type. The MVR-PCR assay uses a- or t-type specific primers, together with an amplimer at a fixed site in the DNA flanking the minisatellite, to reveal the interspersion patterns of variant repeats along an allele. Extreme levels of variation are seen both in the internal structures of individual alleles and in the digital code generated from the two superimposed alleles in total genomic DNA. However, occasional repeat units fail to amplify in MVR-PCR, signifying the existence of further repeat sequence variants termed 'null' or O-type repeats. Although not significant in individual identification, correct genotyping of null repeats is important when using MVR digital codes in parentage analysis. We have therefore characterised these null repeats and show that most null repeats share a common variant repeat sequence. We discuss the possible origins of null repeats and their application to paternity testing and the analysis of minisatellite evolution.
Alleles↗
Detection of hexanol dehydrogenase activity in the epidermis of a patient with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome.
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Adolescent↗
Differential effect of griseofulvin on interferon-gamma-induced HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression of human keratinocytes.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on human epidermal keratinocytes. Griseofulvin, an extensively used antifungal agent, has been used effectively in the treatment of lichen planus, in which keratinocytes express both HLA-DR and ICAM-1 antigens. In this study, we investigated the effect of griseofulvin on IFN-gamma-induced MHC class II antigen and ICAM-1 expression of keratinocytes, and demonstrated that griseofulvin decreased IFN-gamma-induced HLA-DR but not ICAM-1 expression.
Antigens, CD↗
Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis in a child with chromosomal mosaicism.
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Adolescent↗
Synthesis of fibronectin by isolated glomeruli from nephrectomized hypertensive rats.
The accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important feature of most forms of progressive glomerular diseases. In order to examine the relationship between ECM synthesis and glomerulosclerosis, we evaluated fibronectin synthesis by glomeruli with the immunoprecipitation of conditioned media from isolated glomeruli in 5/6 nephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (5/6N-SHR). There was no difference in blood pressure between 5/6N-SHR and control SHR throughout the experiment. Two weeks after the nephrectomy, most of the glomeruli were intact and no difference in the synthesis of fibronectin was observed between either groups. Twenty weeks after the nephrectomy, marked glomerulosclerosis associated with an increase in urinary protein was revealed in 5/6N-SHR but no glomerular lesions in control SHR. The synthesis of fibronectin by isolated glomeruli increased in 5/6N-SHR compared to control SHR. The administration of enalapril or hydralazine + reserpine + hydrochlorothiazide markedly attenuated the glomerular sclerosis and urinary protein excretion to a comparable degree, although the later therapy reduced blood pressure more effectively. These antihypertensive therapies also suppressed fibronectin synthesis in the 5/6N-SHR group at week 20. In conclusion, increased synthesis of glomerular fibronectin appeared to contribute to the glomerulosclerosis caused by subtotal nephrectomy and hypertension.
Animals↗
Synthesis and optical resolution of an antiallergic agent KW4099 with thromboxane A2 antagonistic activity.
A new antiallergic agent with thromboxane A2 antagonistic activity, KW4099, was synthesized by a simple method. Its optical resolution was accomplished with the use of (+)- or (-)-2,2'-(1,1'-binaphthyl)phosphoric acid as a resolving agent.
Dibenzoxepins↗
Matlystatins, new inhibitors of typeIV collagenases from Actinomadura atramentaria. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical properties of matlystatin-group compounds.
During the course of a screening for inhibitors of typeIV collagenases, new metabolites, designated matlystatins, have been isolated from an actinomycete strain, which was identified as a strain of Actinomadura atramentaria. Matlystatins were composed of five congeners, which were separated and purified by n-butanol extraction and chromatography.
Acetylcysteine↗
[DNA typing and analysis of the D1S8 (MS 32) allele in the Japanese population by the minisatellite variant repeat (MVR) mapping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay].
Minisatellite variant repeat (MVR) mapping using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the D1S8 (MS32) locus from total genomic DNA and size separated alleles in the Japanese population was performed. DNA was extracted from blood in healthy non-related Japanese individuals. The digital data obtained were computer analysed, and from this single assay all unrelated individuals tested could be unambiguously distinguished. The average difference in diploid codes between unrelated individuals was 36 exclusions over the first 60 repeat unit positions. The mean proportions of a-, t-, and 0-type repeat units were 73.5%, 24.5% and 2.1%, respectively. MVR-PCR gives digital profiles which show extreme levels of individual variation and should prove very useful for personal identification. The advantages and further applications of MVR-PCR are also discussed.
Alleles↗
[Cardiovascular effects of, and catecholamine response to, high dose fentanyl or NLA in patients for valve replacement].
We measured the cardiovascular effect of, and catecholamine and other hormonal responses to, anesthetic doses of fentanyl and original NLA in 25 patients for open heart surgery. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (group N, F30, F75). During induction, in group N; droperidol 0.25 mg.kg-1 and fentanyl 5 micrograms.kg-1, in group F30; fentanyl 30 micrograms.kg-1, and in group F75; fentanyl 75 micrograms.kg-1 were administered intravenously. Additional fentanyl was administered at a rate of 100 to 200 micrograms.h-1. Droperidol 0.25 mg.kg-1 was administered in group N when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was disconnected. Plasma samples were assayed for norepinephrine, epinephrine, ACTH and cortisol before and after induction, during sternotomy, 60 minutes after institution of CPB, after weaning from CPB, and before as well as after extubation. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and rate pressure product (RPP) were calculated simultaneously at the blood samplings. In all groups, no remarkable change in cardiovascular dynamics was observed. CPB was associated with marked increases in catecholamines, but high dose fentanyl in dose of 75 micrograms.kg-1 was able to suppress epinephrine level more than in group N. In high dose fentanyl group (F30, F75) ACTH was within normal ranges, even during CPB. The results suggest that high dose fentanyl is a complete anesthetic in patients for cardiac surgery. But a large dose of fentanyl causes small decreases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure. Our data indicate that group F30 is an attractive anesthetic technique for patients with valvular disease.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Albuminuria is not an aggravating factor in experimental focal glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis.
It is widely known that the severity of glomerular sclerosis is proportional to the degree and chronicity of proteinuria and that the degenerative changes of glomerular epithelial cells that are associated with overflow albuminuria can be experimentally induced by the injection of large quantities of heterologous albumin. Such evidence suggests that autologous albuminuria per se may have a harmful effect on the kidneys. To examine the cause and effect relationship between renal lesions and albuminuria, we produced Adriamycin-induced experimental focal glomerular sclerosis in Nagase analbuminemic (NA) rats and control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and observed both the renal functional and histologic changes for 20 weeks. At week 4 after injection of Adriamycin glomerular epithelial lesions including foot process fusion were similarly revealed by an electron microscopic study in both groups in spite of the presence of a large difference in the amount of proteinuria (SD rats: 491 +/- 84 mg/day, NA rats: 43 +/- 30 mg/day) and albuminuria (SD rats: 383 +/- 73 mg/day, NA rats: 2 +/- 1 mg/day). At week 20, a light microscopic study showed the same degree of glomerular sclerosis and hyalinosis and tubulointerstitial changes associated with a decrease in inulin clearance in both groups. The increased glomerular accumulation of immunoglobulin M or complement 3 and glomerular trapping of aggregated human immunoglobulin G were also similar between the SD and NA groups. In summary, renal destruction of Adriamycin-nephropathy was not dependent on the degree of albuminuria. These results suggest that albuminuria is not an aggravating factor in focal glomerulosclerosis.
Albumins↗
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from single hairs in Japanese.
The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from single hairs is described. HLA-DQA1 genotypes could be determined from single plucked hair roots. However, it was not easy to type HLA-DQA1 with hair shaft portions. Increase in the specimens of hair shaft portions (over 10 cm in length) to get sufficient DNA caused inhibition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Synthetic melanin as well as the one extracted from hairs inhibited the PCR of the genomic DNA template when added to the PCR reaction at the concentrations over than 15 ng/100 microL. Therefore, typability of hair shaft portions seems to depend on the delicate balance of the concentrations of DNA and the contaminated melanin in the final DNA extracts.
Asian People↗
Minisatellite repeat coding as a digital approach to DNA typing.
Most DNA typing systems used in forensic and legal medicine assay allelic length variation at tandem repetitive DNA regions such as minisatellites. A simple alternative approach that displays patterns of variant repeat units along minisatellite alleles is described here. This produces DNA profiles as extraordinarily variable digital sequences appropriate for forensic investigations, including computer databasing, and for analysing allele diversity and the role of recombination in minisatellite instability.
Base Sequence↗
Identification of human urine stains on cloth.
Experimental stains of human urine prepared on 4 different types of cloth and cloth stains in practical cases were examined by 2 methods which have been established in this laboratory. A chemical method determining uric acid and urea nitrogen content and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine uromucoid. The former method uses the quotient uric acid/urea nitrogen as an indicator and the latter the quotient ELISA score/protein concentration. All stains were identified as human urine stains by both methods when the specimens were taken from the centre of the stains but when taken from the periphery some of them, especially those on cloth such as cotton or silk, could not be identified as human urine stains. These results indicate that the central part of stains should be preferentially used for the identification of human urine stains, especially those made on cloth such as cotton or silk.
Adult↗