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Biomedical subjects

K Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to K Tanabe.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A fatal disaster case based on exposure to hydrogen sulfide--an estimation of the hydrogen sulfide concentration at the scene.

Four adult men fell into an artificial lake which was being used to raise flatfish, after a water pipe had been connected to a tube allowing seawater to flow into the lake. Forensic autopsies were carried out on three of the four men, who died soon after the incident. From autopsy findings, the cause of death was diagnosed to be suffocation after aspirating seawater in the three victims. To clarify why the men fell into the lake, a chemical analysis for hydrogen sulfide was carried out using the extractive alkylation technique combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The sulfide was detected as its derivative, bis(pentafluorobenzyl)sulfide, in body tissues taken from all the victims, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas at the scene was estimated as having been nearly fatal.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mediation of the physiological response of platelets by interactions of spectrin and protein 4.1 with the cytoskeleton.

Spectrin and protein 4.1 became associated with the Triton-insoluble cytoskeletons during platelet activation. Inhibition of platelet activation by a PGI2 analogue resulted in release of the proteins from the cytoskeletons. Changes in subcellular distributions of the proteins preceded changes in the state of platelet aggregation. These results suggest that interactions of spectrin and protein 4.1 with the cytoskeletons are involved in mediating the physiological response of the platelet.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

A phase II study of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy with epirubicin in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Tokyo Women's Medical College Bladder Cancer Collaborating Group.

Intravesical instillation of epirubicin was carried out to investigate the efficacy of this treatment in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. The subjects were 100 patients who had been treated with transurethral resection (TUR) for superficial transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder (classified as primary or recurrent superficial bladder cancer of pathological stage Tis, Ta, or T1 and histological grade G1, G2, or G3) at Tokyo Women's Medical College Hospital and its affiliated hospitals during the 2-year period ranging from April of 1990 through March of 1992. A solution of epirubicin was prepared by dissolving 20 mg in 30 ml physiological saline, and this was instilled into the bladder a total of 17 times during 1 year: once immediately after TUR, once every 2 weeks for the next 4 months, and then once per month for the following 8 months. Thereafter, the course of each patient was followed by performing urinary cytodiagnosis once each month and cystoscopy once every 3 months. Of the 100 patients, 83 were evaluable. The mean duration of follow-up was 461 +/- 222 days, and the recurrence rate was 30.1% (25/83 cases). The recurrence rate determined for primary cases was 19.7%, whereas that recorded for recurrent cases was 61.9%. Adverse effects occurred in 9.3% (9/97) of the patients, but these side effects were mild in severity and the instillation regimen did not have to be discontinued in any of the patients. Analysis of the risk factors for recurrence revealed significantly higher recurrence in the recurrent-patient group and the multiple-tumor group. On the basis of these findings, the authors surmised that when given in an intravesical instillation regimen, epirubicin causes few adverse effects, and its efficacy in the prophylaxis of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer is equivalent to that thus for reported for other drugs. At present, the authors are carrying out a controlled clinical study on epirubicin that takes into account the risk factors for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1994

Sperm-immobilizing antibodies in women undergoing artificial insemination with donor sperm.

Forty-nine female partners of infertile couples undergoing AID (1 to 44 times) were tested for the presence of sperm-immobilizing antibodies in their serum. One hundred fifty-one infertile women undergoing ART treatment other than AID were enrolled as a control group. One of the 49 AID patients and 3 of the 151 women of the control group were positive for sperm-immobilizing antibodies. The sperm-immobilizing antibodies incidence in AID patients did not differ significantly from that in the control group. This suggests that multiple exposures to semen from different donors do not increase the possibility of inducing sperm-immobilizing antibodies in AID patients.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1994

Effect of deoxyspergualin on vascular rejection in canine kidney transplantation.

Deoxyspergualin (DSG), an analogue of spergualin produced by Bacillus laterosporus, has a strong immunosuppressive effect in various transplantation models. In this study, we investigated the effect of DSG on vascular rejection in canine kidney transplantation. To enhance vascular rejection, donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) was carried out on days 28, 21 and 14 preceding kidney transplantation. After DST, the donor kidney was transplanted to the recipient iliac fossa. The recipient animals were divided into five groups: namely, Group 1 (n = 7), no treatment; Group 2 (n = 6), DST only; Group 3 (n = 5), DSG only (treated with DSG intravenously at 1.2 mg./kg./day for the first 3 days after transplantation, 1.0 mg./kg./day for the following 3 days and 0.8 mg./kg./day for the following 8 days); Group 4 (n = 6), DST and DSG treatment (same protocol as Group 3); and Group 5 (n = 5), DST and cyclosporine (CsA) (treated with CsA orally at 10 mg./kg./day for 14 days after transplantation). In Group 2, DST treatment significantly reduced kidney graft survival time (8.6 +/- 2.2 days) compared with Group 1 (14.1 +/- 5.5 days). Despite DST, DSG treatment (Group 4) significantly prolonged graft survival time (29.5 +/- 2.6 days), whereas treatment with CsA (Group 5) did not prolong survival time (14.1 +/- 5.5 days) (Group 4 versus 5, p < 0.01). The onset of rejection was significantly delayed in Group 4 (22.1 +/- 2.7 days) compared with Groups 2 (5.7 +/- 2.4 days) and 5 (13.0 +/- 5.7 days) (p < 0.01). In contrast, the interval between rejection onset and animal death was significantly reduced in Groups 2 (3.0 +/- 0.6 days) and 5 (2.4 +/- 1.0 days) compared with Group 4 (7.3 +/- 1.7 days) (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that DSG successfully prevented humoral-type (accelerated acute-type) rejections. Histologically, nonDST groups (Groups 1 and 3) showed minimum vascular rejection. In contrast, all recipients in Group 2 showed severe vascular rejection, as did 80% of CsA treated-animals (Group 5). Despite DST, however, 84% of DSG treated-animals (Group 4) showed minimal or mild vascular rejection and only 17% had severe rejection (Group 4 versus 5, p < 0.04). These data suggest that both clinically and histologically, DSG has more potent immunosuppressive effects against humoral and vascular rejection than CsA.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by bladder cancer cells: functional effects.

The role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its ligand, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), in the interaction between bladder cancer cells and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells was investigated. Expression and modulation of ICAM-1 by cytokine treatment was assessed by immunocytometry and Northern blot analysis. Four of five human bladder cancer cell lines expressed ICAM-1 constitutively and responded to cytokine stimulation. Expression of ICAM-1 was upregulated most consistently by treatment with interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), cytokines that are released into the urine after intravesical BCG treatment. In contrast, interleukin-1 and phorbol myristate acetate exhibited variable effects on ICAM-1 expression, and interferon-alpha had no effect. The adherence of LAK cells to bladder cancer cell monolayers and LAK cell-mediated cytolysis were then studied. Monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 and LFA-1 significantly decreased the binding of LAK cells to the cell lines that express ICAM-1 (37 to 75% reduction, p < 0.05), and cytokine treatment (IFN gamma, TNF alpha) of these cells enhanced ICAM-1 dependent adherence (18 to 39% increase, p < 0.05). In contrast, these manipulations had no effect on the binding of LAK cells to the UMUC3 cell line, which does not express ICAM-1. Monoclonal antibodies to LFA-1 decreased LAK cell mediated cytolysis of the bladder cancer cells from 27 to 65% (p < 0.05), but anti-ICAM-1 antibodies were much less effective (0 to 25% decrease in cytolysis). Cytokine treatment (IFN gamma, TNF alpha) of the tumor cells did not significantly increase LAK cell-mediated cytolysis, despite upregulation of ICAM-1. These data demonstrate that ICAM-1 plays a role in the binding of LAK cells to bladder cancer cells but is only marginally involved in the process of LAK cell-mediated cytolysis. These findings suggest that adhesion molecules may be important mediators of the immune response to bladder cancer after intravesical BCG therapy.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1994

Allelic variation in the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum from Thai field isolates.

Allelic variation in the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein gene has been examined by sequencing the entire gene in 15 isolates from an endemic area of Thailand. The isolates contain a total of six new allelic forms of the tetrapeptide repeats and eight variants of the T cell epitope (TCE) region of the CS gene. All nucleotide substitutions in the TCE are nonsynonymous. There is no apparent association between the sequence patterns in the repeats and in the TCE. Comparison of the TCE with published sequences has shown that most variants of our isolates are not identical to those found in different geographic areas, suggesting geographic variation in genetic diversity of the CS protein. In a phylogenetic tree, the new Thai alleles did not cluster together, suggesting a considerable heterogeneity within some geographic areas. Furthermore, analyses of tetrapeptide repeats from a number of isolates and strains showed evidence of three genetic mechanisms for the generation of variation in the repeats of the CS gene: point mutation, duplication of one or more repeat units, and intragenic recombination.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

[Study on size distribution of 8 polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne suspended particulates indoor and outdoor].

During Jan. 20-27, 1992, the size distribution of 8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne suspended particulates in Tokyo, Japan was studied. The results showed that PAHs, 79.0%-94.5% in indoor air and 65.4%-90.4% in outdoor air, were associated with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns particles. The contents of these PAHs in indoor air were: pyrene (Py) 1.98, benzo (a) anthracene (BaA) 0.92, benzo (k) fluoranthene (BkF) 0.91, benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) 2.13, dibenzo (a,h) anthracene (dBahA) 0.30, benzo (b) chrysene (BbC) 0.15, benzo (g,h,i) perylene (BghiP) 2.56, dibenzo (a,e) pyrene (dBaeP) 0.23 ng/m3 and in outdoor air 3.93, 2.01, 1.41, 2.91, 0.40, 0.19, 3.65 and 0.30 ng/m3 respectively. The indoor/outdoor ratios for these PAHs ranged from 0.46 to 0.79. These PAHs contents were significantly correlative with one another and so were between the PAHs contents and the concentrations of airborne particulates both indoor and outdoor (the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.774 to 0.999). The PAHs contents (excluding Py) and the concentrations of airborne particulates between outdoor and indoor samples also correlated well with each other (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.821 to 0.944).

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1994

[A 75-year-old man with parkinsonism and delirium].

We report a 75-year-old man with a ten-year history of parkinsonism, who developed acute delirium. He was well until 65 years of age, when there was an onset of tremor in his left hand. He had been treated with levodopa and trihexyphenidyl with marked improvement. He was doing well until July of 1991 at his age of 75-year-old, when he noted backache; he was found to have a compression fracture of the third lumbar spine. He had to use a wheel-chair most of the time since then. In December 1991, he started to have visual hallucinations and difficulty in swallowing. On December 25 of that year, he developed fever and delirium, and was admitted to our hospital on December 30. On admission, general physical examination was unremarkable except for low grade fever (37.3 degrees C). Neurologic examination revealed an alert but chronically ill patient. Apparently he had visual hallucinations. He was disoriented to all spheres; he could respond only to simple questions. Apparently he was demented. Cranial nerves were intact except for mumbling speech disturbance and masked face. He was unable to stand or walk. He had flexion contracture in his both knee joints. He had paratonic rigidity in all his limbs and marked bradykinesia. Once in a while, myoclonic jerks were seen in both upper and lower extremities. Deep reflexes were diminished bilaterally, and the plantar reflex was not elicited on either side. On laboratory examination, BUN was increased to 72 mg/dl, creatinine to 3.0 mg/dl, and WBC 16,000/microliter. Cranial CT scans were unremarkable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A case of elevated serum creatine-kinase after anesthesia].

An elevation of creatine-kinase was noted postoperatively in a 50 year-old male who had cerebral aneurysm surgery under isoflurane, N2O and O2 anesthesia. Serum CK concentration reached as high as 5919 IU.l-1 immediately after surgery and elevation was associated with the temperature elevation of above 39.5 degrees C and port-wine urine. The postoperative course was uneventful and elevated serum creatine-kinase was corrected within next 6 days. Since elevated serum creatine-kinase is known to occur in acute stage of cerebrovascular accident, and since the influence of myocardial infarction, malignant hyperthermia and drugs could be neglected, we assumed that an abnormal elevation of CK values observed in the present patient resulted from stimulation of sympathetic nervous system due to cerebral bleeding and to hyperpermeability of sarcolemma of skeletal muscle.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Partial kidney transplantation: a successful kidney transplantation in a child with severe cardiac failure by surgical mass reduction of an adult donor kidney.

We report on a trial of partial kidney transplantation performed on a low body weight child with impaired cardiac function due to mitral valve stenosis and uremic cardiomyopathy. The weight of the donated kidney was successfully reduced by one-third using bench surgery in order to obtain sufficient graft perfusion and function. Our procedure is justified when a graft is too large to be adequately perfused in a recipient suffering from cardiac failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sequence conservation in the C-terminal part of the precursor to the major merozoite surface proteins (MSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum from field isolates.

The C-terminal part of the precursor to the major merozoite surface proteins (MSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum contains potential protective epitopes and two cleavage sites for processing which take place prior to erythrocyte invasion by the merozoite. Since sequences available to date are limited and derived from cultured parasites, we have examined the extent of variations of this important part of the MSP1 gene from natural populations. Our sequence analyses of 1.6-1.7 kb from blocks 13-17 of the gene obtained from 19 Thai wild isolates have identified a deletion of a codon and 18 nucleotide substitutions, all of which are dimorphic substitutions and all but one create amino acid exchanges. However, residues at two cleavage sites for the C-terminus 42 kDa polypeptide and the 19-kDa polypeptide, a subfragment of the former, are conserved. Furthermore, all 12 cysteine residues at the C-terminal 19-kDa polypeptide are perfectly conserved, allowing the formation of 2 epidermal growth factor-like structures. These results indicate that in contrast to extensive variations at the N-terminal part of MSP1, limited variations occur at the C-terminal part.

Amino Acid Sequence↗