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Biomedical subjects

K Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to K Tanabe.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Ultrasonic nebulised pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].

Our retrospective study for ultrasonic nebulised pentamidine in 13 patients shows that 7 of 8 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), proven by biopsy examination, were cured (recovery rate, 88%). Two of these 8 patients were mainly treated by nebulised pentamidine and the other 5 patients were administered parenteral pentamidine before the nebulised pentamidine therapy and the final 1 patient died on day 9 without clinical improvement with nebulised pentamidine as well as conventional therapy (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, parenteral pentamidine). No relapse occurred in the 7 cured patients. The inhalation increased the cough in 4 of 13 cases and caused vomiting in 1 patient. Two patients discontinued the nebulisation because of the side-effect. No extra-pulmonary side-effects of nebulised pentamidine were seen. These results show that an efficacy of nebulised pentamidine is at least equal to conventional therapy with fewer side-effects and that only patients with mild PCP without severe hypoxaemia are eligible for the inhalation therapy.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1991

Effects of prolactin on fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes.

The effects of PRL on fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes and subsequent pregnancy were studied. Forty-five patients (47 cycles) with euprolactinemic normal menstrual cycles undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) for the treatment of tubal infertility were selected for this study. The patients were divided into three groups dependent upon their mean serum PRL concentrations for the 3 days prior to oocyte retrieval; hypoprolactinemic (less than 10 micrograms/l), euprolactinemic (10-30 micrograms/l) and hyperprolactinemic cycles (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/l). Multiple follicular development was induced with hMG, and 10 patients were randomized to receive bromocriptine beginning with the previous menstrual cycle. In the hypoprolactinemic cycle group, the fertilization rate was significantly lower than in the hyperprolactinemic cycle group, and the cleavage rate was significantly lower than in the other groups. The fertilization rates and the cleavage rates in the hyperprolactinemic cycle group were higher than those in the euprolactinemic cycle group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. While the pregnancy rates in the euprolactinemic cycle group were higher than in the other two groups, the numbers were too small for meaningful statistical comparison. The present study demonstrates that below normal concentrations of PRL have deleterious effects on IVF outcome. These data suggest that PRL may play a beneficial stimulatory role in oocyte maturation and the acquisition of developmental capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-diphenylmethylpiperazinyl)ethanol dihydrochloride (NC-1100) on the central nervous system].

The effects of NC-1100 on the central nervous system were analyzed behaviorally and electroencephalographically in mice, rabbits and mongolian gerbils, using ifenprodil as a control material. NC-1100 showed potentiating effects on spontaneous locomotor activities and excitatory motor activities induced by methamphetamine, but did not affect the rotarod test, traction test, sleeping time induced by pentobarbital, analgesic test, anticonvulsant test (MES and pentetrazol test), body temperature and group toxicity induced by methamphetamine. Following i.v. injection of NC-1100 to rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes, electroencephalographic properties in spontaneous EEGs such as fast waves with low voltages in the neocortex became distinguished slightly. Seizure discharges produced by stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus were slightly inhibited, but arousal responses produced by stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation or the posterior hypothalamic area were not inhibited. Furthermore, the effects of NC-1100 on functional recovery after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils were not distinct. Based on these results, NC-1100 was considered to be an agent that improves cerebral metabolism and selectively increases cerebrovascular blood flow with few central nervous actions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Coexistence of GP195 alleles of Plasmodium falciparum in a small endemic area.

Dimorphic variations in the genotype of the precursor to Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface antigens or gp195, among wild isolates in a small malaria parasite population were examined using Southern blot hybridization techniques. Hybridization, with DNA fragment probes and oligonucleotide probes derived from variable blocks of known gp195 alleles against 18 wild isolates from Mae Sod district in Thailand, revealed the existence of seven gp195 alleles, two of which were newly identified in this study. In four out of 17 patients, two different alleles coexisted in the circulation. It was furthermore noted that the seven alleles did not occur at the same frequency, but rather several alleles predominated in the population of P. falciparum in this small malaria field.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical studies of bacteriuria in renal transplantation recipients. Correlation with pyuria and symptomatic genitourinary tract infection].

The clinical state of bacteriuria and its correlation with pyuria and symptomatic genitourinary tract infection (GUTI) were studied in 42 renal transplantation recipients who were followed up in the Kidney Center of Tokyo Women's Medical College over 6 months and who showed bacteriuria more than 3 times between January and December in 1987. The results were as follows. 1) Of the 42 recipients, bacteriuria was found less than 5 times in 19 patients, 6 to 10 times in 18 patients and more than 11 times in 5 patients. There was a tendency for the same bacteria to be isolated several times from the same patient. The most commonly isolated bacterias were Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Serratia and E. coli. 2) Bacteriuria was accompanied by pyuria in 33 patients (79%) and by symptomatic GUTI in 12 patients (29%). Bacteriuria without pyuria was shown in 9 patients (21%) without symptomatic GUTI and it was suggested that bacteriuria did not result in graft hypofunction after two years. 3) Of 16 patients with bacteriuria accompanied by pyuria, symptomatic GUTI occurred in 9 patients (56%). Of these, one patient was found to have VUR of the transplanted kidney, another was found to have VUR of the native kidney, and a third patient died due to interstitial pneumonitis presumably as a result of overimmunosuppression. Transplantation recipients with bacteriuria accompanied by pyuria develop symptomatic GUTIs frequently and should be treated with proper antibacterial agents. When bacteriuria continues, further examination should be performed for an organic disease of the urinary tract or an overimmunosuppressed state. When a patient shows bacteriuria without pyuria, chemotherapy is not needed and it is sufficient to observe the course carefully.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Colorimetric determination of fructosamine in hemolytic samples for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

An analytical method of fructosamine (glycated serum protein) determination in hemolytic samples from cadavers was investigated for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Fructosamine level is usually measured by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) using a spectrophotometer. This assay was significantly disturbed by more than 1 g/l hemoglobin, which strongly reduced NBT by the catalytic action of the sulfhydryl and glycated groups. Glycated and total hemoglobin levels were then determined simultaneously to exclude the interferences. Total protein concentration was analyzed to eliminate dilutional effects by hemolysis. With these modifications, corrected fructosamine levels in samples containing not more than 10 g/l hemoglobin could be estimated. The assay of such hemolytic samples from 32 cadavers indicated higher fructosamine values in diabetic group than in non-diabetic subjects and the postmortem degradation of the levels as previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Alcohol-induced variant angina and considerations of its mechanism: a case report].

A 64-year-old man had episodes of angina pectoris several hours after ingestion of alcohol. Otherwise, anginal attacks never occurred. He was diagnosed as having variant angina based on the typical ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF during the anginal attacks. We performed an alcohol challenge test on his 4th admission day. He was given 540 ml of "sake" at 6:00 p.m. and anginal attacks with ST elevations occurred 9.5 hours after its ingestion. The peak value of plasma ethanol was 136 mg/dl at 9:00 p.m. and it returned to 0 when angina occurred. By alcohol ingestion, urinary excretion of Mg increased in association with a slight decrease in serum Mg. The ratio of serum Ca to Mg was increased from 4.0 at the control state before taking alcohol to 4.5 at the occurrence of anginal attack. Mg content in red blood cells and in plasma catecholamines did not differ between before and after ingesting alcohol. We concluded that the change in the extracellular Ca-Mg equilibrium may contribute to the mechanism of alcohol-induced variant angina.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Preferential chelation of cationic ligands to axial-equatorial oxygens over equatorial-equatorial dianionic oxygens: implication to the mechanism of action of ribozymes.

Effects of chelation of H2O, H+, and Mg2+ to two kinds of potential pentacoordinate intermediates of ribozyme reactions were investigated by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Unexpectedly, in all cases examined, axial-equatorial chelations were found to be more stabilizing than equatorial-equatorial chelations. These results support the hypothesis that Mg2+ ion is bound to the equatorial phosphoryl oxygen and the axial leaving/attacking oxygen in the transition state of ribozyme reactions.

Anions↗
PubMed1991

[The merit of prescribed exercise using anaerobic threshold for myocardial infarction].

The merit of using anaerobic threshold (AT) for prescribed exercise was evaluated in 55 out-patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI) one to 3 months after the attacks. Comparisons of optimum exercise intensities using 2 methods; either heart rate at AT (ATHR) or heart rate by Karvonen's method (KHR), were conducted. Treadmill stress test was performed in all subjects. ATHR was determined by ramp protocol and KHR by Bruce's protocol. Items measured were AT, peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), ATHR and KHR. The results were as follows: 1. Mean peak VO2 and AT in patients with OMI were 25.8 +/- 4.3 ml/min/kg and 16.5 +/- 2.1 ml/min/kg, respectively. Mean heart rates were 117.2 +/- 11.0 beats/min at AT and 121.9 +/- 13.0 beats/min by Karvonen's method, respectively. 2. A positive correlation (r = 0.85) was noted between AT and the peak VO2. 3. A positive correlation (r = 0.61) was also noted between the peak VO2 and ATHR. 4. Correlations of KHR with peak VO2 and with ATHR were insignificant. 5. There were 6 patients with ATHR > or = KHR and 15 with ATHR < KHR. There was no significant difference between their clinical backgrounds of 2 groups. It has been thought that with KHR, about 70% of the patients with OMI are overloaded due to excessive exercise intensity. We concluded that exercise training using AT is better and more useful in view of training efficiency and safety.

Anaerobic Threshold↗
PubMed1991

[Body surface isopotential mapping system by colored spatial mapping electrocardiography].

We developed a new body surface isopotential mapping system using a colored spatial mapping electrocardiographic technique based on Frank's vectorcardiography to be used with CERX CQ-3011 and NEC PC-100 computers. We assessed its usefulness in comparison with the conventional body surface mapping technique in 12 patients with old myocardial infarction (6 with anterior and 6 with inferior infarction), and in 10 healthy subjects. All distributions of positive and negative zones presented on body surface isopotential maps were obtained with this new technique, which corresponded well with the distribution of zones on conventional body surface isopotential maps. Although the maximum and minimum positions of the 2 maps did not coincide with one another, this new map aided in diagnosing anterior and inferior infarction from the minimum position determined 20 msec after the onset of QRS. This new mapping system allows a clear spatial representation of vectorcardiograms and requires less complicated procedure compared with the conventional body surface mapping technique. Thus, this body surface isopotential mapping system should be clinically useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Structure and development of rabbit pepsinogens. Stage-specific zymogens, nucleotide sequences of cDNAs, molecular evolution, and gene expression during development.

In order to clarify the structure and development of rabbit pepsinogens, purification and molecular cloning of these proteins were performed at various developmental stages. Several pepsinogens were isolated, and they were classified as pepsinogens F and M, and into pepsinogen groups I, II, and III. The relative levels and specific activities of the various pepsinogens changed significantly during development. Pepsinogens F and M were present only at the early postnatal stage, and their level was higher than those of other pepsinogens at this stage. Pepsinogens in groups I, II, and III were the predominant zymogens at the late postnatal stage. cDNA clones encoding all of these pepsinogens were obtained, with the exception of pepsinogens I and M, and the nucleotide sequences were determined. Each cDNA contained a leader region (signal peptide), a pro-region (activation segment), and a pepsin region, of 15, 44, and 328 residues, respectively, with the exception of the cDNA for pepsinogen F in which the pro- and pepsin regions were composed of 43 and 330 residues, respectively. Pepsinogens in groups II and III exhibited a high degree of similarity with one another, whereas many substitutions were found in pepsinogen F. A unique substitution in the activation segment of pepsinogen F, namely, Gly----Asp at position 21, was found, which made the structural features of this segment more specific. A phylogenic tree was constructed from the differences in nucleotide sequences and showed clearly that each pepsinogen in groups II and III could be classified as pepsinogen A, a major pepsinogen in mammals. Pepsinogen F diverged significantly from these groups and may be a new type of pepsinogen. Northern analysis revealed that the expression of the gene for pepsinogen F was restricted to the early postnatal stage, and the expression of genes for pepsinogens in groups II and III was detected predominantly at later stages, a result that shows the switching of gene expression from fetal pepsinogen to adult pepsinogens during development.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Membrane potential of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes monitored with rhodamine 123.

The membrane potential of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes was monitored with the cationic permeant fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123) as a probe. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed that R123 at 1 microgram/ml rather selectively partitioned into structure resembling large mitochondria. Treatment of R123-loaded gametocytes with various inhibitors including those of respiration resulted in disappearance of fluorescence from what appeared to be the mitochondria, but not from the cytosol. These results indicate that P. falciparum gametocytes have the mitochondrion maintaining an inside negative membrane potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous loss and alteration of antigen receptor expression in mature CD4+ T cells.

The TCR/CD3 complex plays a central role in antigen recognition and activation of mature T cells, and, therefore, abnormalities in the expression of the complex should induce unresponsiveness of T cells to antigen stimulus. Using flow cytometry, we detected and enumerated variant cells with loss or alteration of the surface TCR/CD3 expression among human mature CD4+ T cells. The presence of variant CD4+ T cells was demonstrated by isolating and cloning them from peripheral blood, and their abnormalities can be accounted for by alterations in TCR expression such as defects of protein expression and partial protein deletion. The variant frequency in peripheral blood increased with aging in normal donors and was highly elevated in patients with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive inherited disease with defective DNA repair and variable T cell immunodeficiency. These findings suggest that such alterations in TCR expression are induced by somatic mutagenesis of TCR genes and can be important factors related to age-dependent and genetic disease-associated T cell dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Isolation and sequencing of rat liver bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA: possible alternate splicing of a common primary transcript.

A 1763-bp cDNA for rat liver bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) was isolated. Bilirubin UDPGT activity was demonstrated by transfection of the pcDL1 vector carrying the cDNA into COS7 monkey kidney cells. The cDNA shares an identical 913-bp sequence (corresponding to the C-terminal 247 amino acid residues) with that for rat liver 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible 4-nitrophenol UDPGT including the locus where a -1 frameshift mutation was found in the 4-nitrophenol UDPGT cDNA from the jaundiced homozygous Gunn rat. The result suggests that both the UDPGTs are derived from a common primary-transcript and that the multiple defects of UDPGT isoenzymes observed in the homozygous Gunn rat may be produced by a single-mutated-locus after an alternative splicing of the 5' end region.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Phosphorylation sites linked to glial filament disassembly in vitro locate in a non-alpha-helical head domain.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the intermediate filament component of astroglial cells, can serve as an excellent substrate for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, in vitro. GFAP phosphorylated by each protein kinase does not polymerize, and the filaments that do polymerize tend to depolymerize after phosphorylation. Dephosphorylation of phospho-GFAP by phosphatase led to a recovery of the polymerization competence of GFAP. Most of the phosphorylation sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C on GFAP are the same, Ser-8, Ser-13, and Ser-34. cAMP-dependent protein kinase has one additional phosphorylation site, Thr-7. All the sites are located within the amino-terminal non-alpha-helical head domain of GFAP. These observations pave the way for in vivo studies on organization of glial filaments.

Animals↗