PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Tashima

Publications and source records attributed to K Tashima.

64 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland].

Two cases of a squamous cell carcinoma and an adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland are presented. Both cases have survived without recurrence for 18 months and 31 months respectively, although these cases have an unfavorable prognosis. A review of the Japanese literature reveals that these two tumors differ significantly in their clinical features. In cases involving a squamous cell carcinoma the ratio of female to male patients is lower, the duration of the illness before treatment is shorter, and the prognosis is poorer than those with an adenosquamous cell carcinoma. These features suggest that the carcinomas have a different histogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Volumetric changes of the aerated middle ear and mastoid after insertion of tympanostomy tubes.

Volumetric changes of the middle ear and mastoid were measured monthly by the direct volumetric method in 28 ears from 21 patients (12 children and nine adults) with otitis media with effusion. The mean volumetric increase immediately after the insertion of the tubes was 1.56 ml and was attributed to the volume of effusion aspirated from the tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum. The volume increased significantly for three months (P less than 0.01). The increase was speculated to be due to disappearance of the mucosal edema and of effusion in the tympanic cavity and mastoid. The volumetric changes showed little increase thereafter.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric acid secretion in streptozotocin-diabetic rats--different responses to various secretagogues.

We compared gastric acid secretion in response to various stimuli in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, in an attempt to characterize the alteration of acid secretory response in diabetic conditions. Animals were injected STZ (70 mg x kg(-1), i.p.) and used after 5 weeks of diabetes with blood glucose > 350 mg x dL(-1). Under urethane anesthesia, a rat stomach was mounted on an ex vivo chamber, perfused with saline and acid secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding 100 mM NaOH. The acid secretion was stimulated by i.v. infusion of either histamine (4 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)), pentagastrin (60 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) or carbachol (20 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) or i.v. injection of YM-14673 (0.3 mg x kg(-1)), an analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or vagal electrical stimulation (2 ms, 3 Hz, 0.5 mA). In normal rats, gastric acid secretion was increased in response to either histamine, pentagastrin, carbachol, YM-14673 or electrical vagal stimulation. In STZ diabetic rats, however, changes in acid secretion varied depending on the stimuli; the acid secretory responses to histamine remained unchanged, those to YM-14673 and vagal electrical stimulation significantly decreased, but the responses to both pentagastrin and carbachol were significantly enhanced as compared to normal rats. Luminal release of histamine in response to both pentagastrin and carbachol was increased in STZ-diabetic rats as compared to normal animals. The altered acid secretory responses in STZ diabetic rats were partially reversed by daily injection of insulin with amelioration of high blood glucose levels. These results suggest that STZ-diabetic rats showed different changes in gastric acid secretory responses to various stimuli; no change in response to histamine, a decrease to both YM-14673 and vagal electrical stimulation and an increase to both pentagastrin and carbachol. The increased acid secretory response may be associated with an enhanced release of mucosal histamine, while the decreased response may be due to vagal neuropathy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of two self-care treatments for prevention of vaginal candidiasis in women with HIV.

Vaginal candidiasis (VC) is a common concern for women living with HIV infection. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of two self-care approaches to prophylaxis of VC among HIV-infected women, weekly intravaginal application of Lactobacillus acidophilus or weekly intravaginal application of clotrimazole tablets, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. VC was defined as a vaginal swab positive for Candida species in the presence of signs/symptoms of vaginitis and the absence of a diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis or bacterial vaginosis. Thirty-four episodes of VC occurred among 164 women followed for a median of 21 months. The relative risk of experiencing an episode of VC was 0.4 (95% CI = 0.2, 0.9) in the clotrimazole arm and 0.5 (95% CI = 0.2, 1.1) in the Lactobacillus acidophilus arm. The estimated median time to first episode VC was longer for clotrimazole (p = .03, log rank test) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (p = .09, log rank test) compared with placebo. Vaginal yeast infections can be prevented with local therapy. Education about self-care for prophylaxis of VC should be offered to HIV-infected women.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with vaginal yeast infections in HIV-positive women.

To better understand factors associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis, including the role of immune compromise and patient self-report, a cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with the isolation of yeast from vaginal swabs and clinical diagnosis of Candida vaginitis (CV) among 184 HIV-infected women was conducted. Sixty-four (35%) of the women had vaginal swabs positive for yeast. Nineteen (10%) women met the case definition for CV. In a logistic regression model, only CD4 < or = 100 cells/mm3 was predictive of CV (adds ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.0, 20; p = .05). The predictive value of patient self-report of CV was only 12%. This study demonstrates that all HIV-infected women should receive a regular and thorough gynecologic evaluation, regardless of self-reported symptoms. HIV-infected women will benefit from education about prevention and treatment of CV, and women whose CD4 counts are low may wish to consider prophylaxis for CV.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comprehensive medical care among HIV-positive incarcerated women: the Rhode Island experience.

Our objective was to characterize the clinical presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among incarcerated women in a program that provides HIV testing and primary care to all state prisoners in Rhode Island. A retrospective medical chart review on all HIV-seropositive women who were incarcerated between 1989 and 1994 and had at least two medical visits with an HIV medical care provider was used. At the Rhode Island Adult Correctional Institution (ACI), under mandatory testing laws between 1989 and 1994, 28% (172 of 623) of all women were identified with HIV infection. Of the 172 women who tested seropositive in prison, 110 were included in the study. Of the 110 women followed, 84% reported injection drug use (IDU) as their primary risk factor, and 30% reported both IDU and sex work. The median CD4 count was 596/mm3, with 60% having a CD4 count >500 cells/mm3. The most common medical conditions were vaginal candidiasis, oral candidiasis, and bronchitis. Antiretroviral therapy was well accepted and followed community standards. Continuity of medical care after release was facilitated by the same physician caring for the patient in the community setting, with 83% of women following up for HIV care after release. The medical conditions noted reflect that these women are early in the course of their HIV disease when they are initially diagnosed. This comprehensive program in Rhode Island's state prison plays a central role in the diagnosis of HIV-seropositive women and provides counseling, primary medical and gynecological care, and linkage to community resources after release.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased susceptibility of diabetic rat gastric mucosa to food deprivation during cold stress.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the mechanisms responsible for the increased susceptibility of diabetic rat gastric mucosa to damage inflicted by overnight food deprivation (18 h) and its worsening by the cold restraint stress (4 degrees C, 3 h). METHODS: Gastric damage was measured in fasted animals, some of which were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 70 mg/kg) 5 weeks before experiments (STZ 5W). RESULTS: STZ 5W rodents showed a number of hemorrhagic lesions in corpus mucosa (26. 8 +/- 5.2 mm(2)) which could be prevented by insulin or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors: aminoguanidine or L-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Mucosal injury was further aggravated by low temperature (51.1 +/- 7.8 mm(2)), the damage ameliorated by insulin, aminoguanidine, or L-NAME. The salutary actions of L-NAME were L-arginine sensitive. Low temperature and L-NAME did not significantly influence the gastric secretory parameters in normal rats. On the other hand, L-NAME and aminoguanidine counteracted the attenuation of gastric juice acidity and acid output in STZ 5W rodents. Blood plasma nitrite and nitrate levels and outputs in gastric juice were augmented in STZ 5W animals in comparison to controls. The total activities of NOS including inducible NOS but not constitutive NOS were markedly enhanced by fasting and cold restraint in gastric mucosa of STZ 5W animals (2.2- and 3.7- or 2.4- and 17.9-fold respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Stressful stimuli, such as food bereavement and cold challenge contribute to the elevated susceptibility of diabetic gastric mucosa to damage, even though the main aggressive factor, i.e., gastric acid secretion, is attenuated. The enhanced production of nitric oxide by inducible NOS during food deprivation and cold exposure seems to play an important role in gastric mucosal integrity disturbances during diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of prior nucleoside use on the two-year virological response to an initial protease inhibitor regimen in HIV-infected patients.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study investigates the effect of prior nucleoside (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NRTI]) experience on 2-year virologic response to an initial protease inhibitor-highly active antiretroviral therapy (PI-HAART) regimen. METHOD: 152 patients who started a PI (excluding saquinavir hard gel capsule [hgc] as a sole PI) with two NRTIs between January 1996 and May 1998 at two HIV treatment sites were included. RESULTS: 109 patients (71%) were NRTI experienced. 106 patients received two new NRTIs, and 32 received one new NRTI. Overall, 51% of patients had a virologic response (HIV viral load <400 copies/mL); the mean follow-up was 28 months. Virologic response was associated with the use of at least one new NRTI (relative risk [RR] 2.1; p =.031) but not with prior NRTI experience (p =.19). A complete virologic response was most likely to occur when two new NRTIs were used (RR 2.3) rather than one new NRTI (RR 1.8), but this was not significant (p =.12). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that prior nucleoside experience is not a key predictor of 2-year virologic response in patients who receive at least one new NRTI in an initial PI-HAART regimen.

Adult↗