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Biomedical subjects

K Tauchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Tauchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of dietary salt restriction on blood pressure and the renal vasoactive system in the congenitally bilateral hydronephrotic rat.

We examined the responses on blood pressure when the renal vasoactive system such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) was activated by dietary salt restriction in the congenitally bilateral hydronephrotic rat (BHN). In a low salt diet (LS)-normotensive and normal kidney control rats after 8 weeks from initiating dietary salt restriction, the plasma sodium concentration (PNa) was retained at a level similar to that in the normal diet (ND)-control rats, and plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and urinary kallikrein activity (UKA) were about 1.8-, 9.4-and 1.7-fold higher, respectively, than those in the ND-control rats. In addition, LS-control rats had a significantly (p < 0.001) high systolic blood pressure (163 +/- 2.0 mm Hg) compared with that (136 +/- 5.8) of ND-control rats. These results suggest that the activated renal vasoactive system acted for not only sodium retention but also for elevation of blood pressure in LS-control rats. In LS-BHN at week 8, PNa was also retained at a nearly normal level. However, the renal vasoactive system activation for sodium retention was higher than that of LS-control rats; that is, increase of PRA, PAC and UKA were about 3.8-, 24.7-and 10.0-fold, respectively, than in ND-BHN. The higher activation of RAAS, nevertheless, does not affect blood pressure in BHN; that is, both hypertension of BHN fed LS and ND developed similarly. These findings suggest that dietary salt restriction could markedly activate the renal vasoactive system for sodium retention without elevating blood pressure in BHN different from control rats.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1995

Prenatally diagnosed female prune belly syndrome associated with tetralogy of Fallot.

Female prune belly syndrome and tetralogy of Fallot were diagnosed in obstetric ultrasound screening at 13 and 28 weeks of gestation, respectively. The baby was born at 38 weeks showing abdominal distension, hypoplasia of abdominal muscles, vaginal atresia, imperforate anus and clubfeet. Radiologic and ultrasound examinations confirmed our prenatal diagnosis and revealed other abnormalities of patent ductus arteriosus, major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux, rectourethral fistula and hypoplasia of the right kidney. Urination has been smooth, but cystitis was observed repeatedly once a month. The infant was discharged in good condition and has been followed in the outpatient clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of urine volume, glomerular filtration rate, excretion and fraction of reabsorption of major substances in urine in three different rat strains].

Urine volume (UV), Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Fraction of reabsorption (FR) of water, Ca, IP, Na+, K+, Cl-, Glu and UN, which are significant in kidney function analysis, were investigated and compared in three rat strains (WI, SD and F344). UV/body weight ratios were higher in SD rats as compared to other strains. The GFR difference was not significant, but the FRH2O difference was significant in three rat strains. FR of Ca, K+ and Glu showed no significant differences in three different rat strains. SD and F344 were significantly lower than WI in FR of IP. FR of Na+, Cl- and UN were significantly different in three rat strains without Cl- between SD and F344, and UN between WI and SD.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of neonatal gonadectomy on lymphocytes population and blast formation in aged rats.

In male rats gonadectomized at birth, the blast formation reaction of lymphocytes was significantly lower at 114 weeks of age, than that of non-gonadectomized controls, whereas the lymphocyte subpopulation was similar. The thymus of neonatally castrated rats of age 114 weeks was histologically normal, decreasing in weight of 68% of that of non-castrated rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

A new visual method for evaluating multiple data (Diagnostic Radar Chart) in general toxicological study.

A Diagnostic Radar Chart method was devised for use in the general assessment of the toxicity of drugs on the basis of visual patterns in toxicity studies. Its usefulness was evaluated on the findings of 32 laboratory items in 3 groups of animal models with experimental pathological conditions. The chart was found to facilitate intuitive discrimination among three types of pathological animal models, evaluation of sexual differences and evaluation of individual differences among the animals for each item. Therefore, if patterns are constructed on the Diagnostic Radar Chart for each of the drugs usable for preparing animal models with typical experimental pathological conditions, the chart is thought to be useful for evaluation or identification of the toxicity of an unknown drug.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical studies of blood group-related antigens in human superficial esophageal carcinomas.

A total of 63 surgically resected esophageal carcinomas (including 49 superficial esophageal carcinomas) and histologically normal tissue adjacent to the superficial carcinoma (nontumorous epithelium) were examined immunohistochemically for the blood group antigens (BGA) A, B, H, Lewisa, Lewisb, Lewisx, and Lewisy. Deletion of an expected A, B or H antigen occurred in 12 (24.5%) of the 49 superficial carcinomas and three (21.4%) of the 14 advanced carcinomas. Incompatible expression of an unexpected A or B antigens occurred in only one case (1.6%) in the carcinoma. In the clinicopathologic study, there was a significant correlation between immunoreactivity of Lewisa and depth of cancer invasion (chi-square test, P less than 0.05). In the superficial carcinoma, there were significant correlations between immunoreactivity of Lewisx and lymph node status (chi-square test, P less than 0.05), immunoreactivity of Lewisy and prognosis (Z test, P less than 0.05), and incompatible expression of Lewisb for tumor against nontumorous epithelium and histologic variation (chi-square test, P less than 0.01). The functional significance of alternations in BGA expression that may be associated with oncogenesis is not clear. However, immunohistochemical determination of BGA may be a more advantageous marker to predict the patient's clinical course in superficial esophageal carcinoma.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

Focal segmental glomerular hyalinosis and/or sclerosis in rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis.

Focal segmental glomerular hyalinosis and/or sclerosis (FSHS) was observed in five Wistar-Imamichi rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis (CUH rats). Marked proteinuria (164.9 +/- 138.4 mg/day) was observed in the CUH rats. Immunoperoxidase staining for IgM, C3 and IgG was positive in the glomeruli, showing in a focal, segmental pattern that corresponded to the areas of FSHS seen by light microscopy. These glomerular findings were extremely similar to those of human focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS). FSHS was found to be common to both the hydronephrotic kidney and the contralateral kidney without hydronephrosis. Morphometry revealed that the glomerular area of the juxtamedullary glomeruli was greater than that of superficial glomeruli in control rats (11,037 micron2 vs. 6,847 microns2). On the other hand, glomerular hypertrophy was observed in non-sclerotic glomeruli of CUH rats (superficial glomeruli; 12,477-16,123 microns2, juxtamedullary glomeruli; 14,635-18,418 microns2). Also, a decreased in the number of glomeruli within the range 1.8-4.1 per unit area (1 mm2) was seen in CUH rats compared with control rats (mean 4.4). These results suggest that the increased rate of development of FSHS is based on hyperfiltration in the remaining functional nephrons.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Expression of heat shock protein 70 and c-myc protein in human breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study.

The major heat shock protein, HSP70, protects cells from a variety of stressful stimuli, while c-myc protein allegedly stimulates the expression of HSP70 by transacting on the HSP70 promotor. The present study was aimed at correlating the expression of HSP70 with that of c-myc protein in benign and malignant breast lesions. Indirect immunoperoxidase and immunoblotting techniques using monoclonal antibodies were employed. Fresh frozen sections were prepared from five fibroadenomas and 59 breast carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, both substances were localized in the nuclei and/or cytoplasm of normal and neoplastic epithelial cells. The stromal cells were positive for c-myc protein but negative for HSP70. The expressions of HSP70 and c-myc protein were comparable to each other in the malignant cells from 37 (63%) carcinomas. In 17 (29%) carcinomas, c-myc protein expression predominated over that of HSP70, whereas in five (8%) carcinomas, HSP70 was predominant. Carcinomas with high-grade nuclear atypia often showed negative HSP70 staining, whereas tumors with nuclear HSP70 localization tended to accompany lower-grade nuclear atypia. A similar relation was also observed between c-myc protein expression and nuclear atypia of the tumor. All five fibroadenomas and most of the non-neoplastic epithelial cells adjacent to cancer showed strong reactivities with both substances. Immunoblot analysis for HSP70 revealed a clear, single band in the extract of tumors with strong HSP70 staining, but no, or only faint, bands were seen in the extract of immunohistochemically HSP70-negative carcinomas. The discrepancy between the expressions of each substance in a certain percentage of breast carcinomas may suggest the presence of HSP70 production mechanisms other than the c-myc protein-triggered promotor pathway.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1991

Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, class alpha, in rat intestine. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting studies on changes in expression of these antilipoperoxidative enzymes during normal development.

Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), class alpha, showing GSH-PO-like enzymatic activity, were localized immunohistochemically in frozen sections of rat intestine in order to elucidate changes in the expression of these antilipoperoxidative enzymes during normal development. The direct immunoperoxidase method was performed using specific rabbit antibodies (Fab fragments) against the enzymes purified from rat liver. Immunoreactive GSH-PO and GST-alpha were demonstrated in the intestinal villous epithelial cells. In the duodenum, GSH-PO was positive during the period from 19 days of gestation to 1 week after birth, while GST-alpha was negative during this period. Two weeks after birth, positivity for GST-alpha appeared, and GSH-PO became undetectable. In the ileum, both of the enzymes were observed until 2 weeks of age, but after weaning their expression disappeared. These immunohistochemical findings were confirmed by immunoblot analysis using intestinal tissue extracts. To evaluate environmental effects on the expression of these enzymes, germ-free animals, common bile duct-ligated rats, and Hank's solution-fed infant rats were prepared. No remarkable alterations in the immunohistochemical localization pattern were observed. Since the switching of enzyme expression around the time of weaning was not influenced by these experimentally induced environmental conditions, it appears that these enzymatic changes are genetically predetermined.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Superficial esophageal carcinoma. With special reference to basaloid features.

A total of 200 surgically resected esophageal carcinomas were reviewed and 50 cases (25.0%) were identified as "superficial esophageal carcinoma" (depth of invasion limited to mucosa or submucosa). The age, sex, location, tumor size, histological features, and prognosis were studied in 49 of these cases. The carcinomas were classified into four histological groups: 1) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 2) squamous cell carcinoma with basaloid features and expansive growth (BE), 3) squamous cell carcinoma partially mixed with the basaloid type (mixed), and 4) other types of tumors. There were 25 cases (51.0%) of SCC, 14 BE cases (28.6%), 8 mixed cases (16.3%), and 2 (4.1%) other tumors (malignant melanoma, adenoacanthoma). Among 133 advanced cancers (invasion into and beyond the muscularis propria), there were 123 cases (92.4%) of SCC, 9 (6.8%) mixed cases, and one (0.8%) adenoacanthoma. No BE lesions were identified. In superficial carcinoma there was a statistically significant difference between BE and mixed carcinoma by the chi-square test (p less than 0.05) with regard to the maximum longitudinal diameter. None of the BE carcinoma showed nodal metastasis, while 3 (12.0%) of SCC and 5 (62.5%) of mixed lesions had nodal metastases. The difference in cumulative survival rate between BE and mixed carcinoma was statistically significant by the Z and Wilcoxon tests (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the BE type of superficial esophageal carcinoma had a better prognosis, and should be separated from the ordinary SCC with infiltrative growth from a clinicopathological view point.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting detection of cytokeratin in smooth muscle tumors.

Forty-six smooth muscle tumors, including 35 of gastrointestinal origin, were studied immunohistochemically for the localization of cytokeratin using a variety of monoclonal antibodies. In formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material, six of 40 leiomyomas, two of five leiomyosarcomas and one leiomyoblastoma were immunoreactive for cytokeratin in a few tumor cells. A proportion of non-neoplastic smooth muscle cells also exhibited a positive reaction. In fresh frozen sections of one gastric leiomyosarcoma, a high percentage of tumor cells were reactive with nine of the eleven anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies examined. Cytokeratin-positive cytoplasmic filaments were further demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. By immunoblot analysis, an extract of this immunohistochemically cytokeratin-positive leiomyosarcoma showed a distinct band at the same position as an extract of pancreas, whereas no bands were seen in an extract of a cytokeratin-negative esophageal leiomyosarcoma. These immunohistochemical and immunoblotting findings indicate that a certain subset of smooth muscle neoplasms express genuine cytokeratin filaments.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Blastogenic response in the rat lymphocyte using glucose consumption test].

To estimate the immune function of the rat, the blastogenic response of rat lymphocytes in blood drawn from the vena cava was investigated. The recovery rate of lymphocytes from venous blood was 33.2 +/- 2. 23% and their viability rate was 99.8 +/- 0.25%. Three kinds of mitogens (phytohemagglutinin-M, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen) at three different concentrations (high, middle and low) were added to lymphocyte suspensions, and the suspensions were cultured under 5% CO2 incubation. Cultured suspensions were served for glucose consumption test and values were calculated (glucose consumption test-stimulation ratio (GCT-SR)). Incidence of blast cells was also observed by morphology. In both the GCT-SR and blast cell incidence, the highest values, 41.2% and 50.8%, respectively, were obtained after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin-M at the concentration of 0.1 ml/ml. The results were statistically analyzed by the variance of means. On both the GCT-SR and blast cell incidence, values obtained in each condition (kind of mitogens on the concentration used) were all statistically significant (all P less than 0.01). The correlation coefficient between the GCT-SR values and the blast cell incidence was 0.97 (P less than 0.01). From these results, we concluded that the glucose consumption test using rat blood lymphocytes can be used as a safe and simple method to measure the immune function of rats.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on preservation of the vesical branch of the cardinal ligament in total hysterectomy for malignant uterine tumors].

A clinical study was conducted on the topographical anatomy of the cardinal ligament. It resulted in the discovery of findings given below, which were used as the basis for a new cardinal ligament procedure. This operative procedure was applied for the treatment of stage I endometrial carcinoma, for which a general consensus has never been reached as to the procedure of choice, and for the treatment of stage I b to III cervical carcinoma in older patients and those with various complications, type which in the past have received radiotherapy only. Conclusions reached as a result of this series of procedures are also presented. 1) The cardinal ligament bifurcates in Y-shape at about the mid point between the pelvic wall and the uterine cervix into the chordal tissues composed of nerve fibers and the veins returning from the post-lateral wall of the bladder (provisionally called vesical branch of the cardinal ligament), and into other chordal tissues composed of nerve fibers and the veins returning from the uterine cervix (provisionally called cervical branch of the cardinal ligament). Together with these two branches, the posterior part of the vesicouterine ligament forms a triangle, and the interior of which is filled with loose connective tissues. 2) The cervical branch of the cardinal ligament is severed at its base of bifurcation. In addition, the cardinal ligament between the bifurcation and the pelvic wall was cleaned by suction to preserve the profound uterine veins and pelvic nerves. In spite of this procedure, however, there was no postoperative trace of the radio-opaque medium that was dispersed preoperatively within the cardinal ligament. 3) The procedure was performed concurrently with pelvic lymphadenectomy during the period from October 1980 to June 1988 in 117 patient types as previous described. For the patients with stage I b to III of cervical carcinoma, radiotherapy with 40 Gy of whole pelvis was generally used concurrently. Loss of blood and time required for the described operation were significantly less (p less than 0.01) than those seen in radical hysterectomy. In addition, the number of days required to reduce the residual urine down to an acceptable level was significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) with this procedure. Although the number of days needed to resume spontaneous urination was shorter, it was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical studies on oncogene products (c-erbB-2, EGFR, c-myc) and estrogen receptor in benign and malignant breast lesions. With special reference to their prognostic significance in carcinoma.

It is a matter of debate whether the amplification of c-erbB-2 oncogene or production of the oncoprotein in breast cancers correlate with the presence of lymph node metastasis and with a poor prognosis. This study was aimed at elucidating the immunohistochemical localization of oncogene products which are related to cell growth, c-erbB-2 product, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-myc protein and estrogen receptor (ER), in benign and malignant lesions of the breast. Fresh frozen sections of 25 breast cancers and 11 fibroadenomas from Japanese women were studied by indirect immunoperoxidase method with proper fixation. C-erbB-2 product and EGFR were localized on the cell membrane whereas c-myc protein and ER were observed in the nuclei. Immunohistochemical expression of oncogene products and ER were not only observed in the mammary carcinomas but also in the fibroadenomas. However immunoreactivities of EGFR and ER were more frequently seen in the fibroadenomas (p less than 0.05). In breast cancers, the incidence of immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 was higher in the cases with lymph node metastasis than cases without nodal metastasis (p less than 0.05) and there was reciprocal correlation between the expressions of EGFR and ER (p less than 0.05). Regarding the size of the primary tumour, there was no statistically significant correlation with the expressions of c-erbB-2, EGFR, c-myc or ER. Histological grade correlated only with the expression of ER (p less than 0.05).

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1989

[Identifying the fluorescent body (F-body) with quinacrine mustard staining of canine].

The fluorescent body (F-body) was identified with quinacrine mustard (Q-M) staining in spermatozoon and lymphocyte of canine. Well washed sperm suspension was treated with protease (125 mg/ml) or dispase (2000p. u./ml) and staining with Q-M (final dilution 50 micrograms/ml) for 15 min to 24 hr at 37 degrees C. The lymphocyte cultures from whole blood were prepared as routine human investigation. The chromosomal preparation made by air dry method was stained with Q-M (final dilution 0.5 to 50 micrograms/ml) after pretreatment of enzyme digestion. The examination using a reflected fluorescent microscope revealed that the same F-body in human was present in both spermatozoon (20.1-39.7%) and interphase of lymphocyte (0.37.2%) of male origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Improvement of the vomeronasal organ ablation in the rat].

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) in most mammalian species consists of a bilaterally paired tubular structure lying on either side at the base of the nasal septum. Functionally, the VNO receives chemosensory informations and conveys it to its parts of the hypothalamus thought to be important in the regulation of reproductive physiology and behavioral functions. Here the authors report an improvement of the VNO ablation in the rat. With the exception of restraint of a rat, this operation method is fundamentally similar to those reported by Saito and Mennella (1986). The rat was anesthetized and placed supine on a home-made operating board with some accessories, and its extremities and head were fixed. It should be emphasized that the restraint of its lower incisor and tongue to keep the mouth open was performed with home-made restraint devices. The above method enabled us to remove the VNO easily. In addition, it could be useful in this field of oral surgery in small animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Teratogenicity study on 4-bromophenyl chloromethyl sulfone (BCS) in the rat.

To investigate the teratogenicity of 4-bromophenyl chloromethyl sulfone (BCS), doses of 0, 5, 35 and 245 mg/kg/day of the test substance were administered by oral gavage to Wistar-Imamichi rats from days 6 to 15 of gestation. The results were as follows: The treated dams did not exhibit any toxic symptoms or mortality attributable to the test substance. The following changes were noted in the treated dams: dose-dependent reduction of body weight gain and food intake in 35 and 245 mg/kg groups, and decreased water intake, reduced brain and thymus weights and increased relative weights of liver and kidney in the 245 mg/kg group. Fetal toxicity, increase of mortality and body weight depression, caused by the test substance was not observed. External, skeletal and visceral examination of the fetuses did not reveal any abnormalities ascribed to the test substance. With regard to ossification, the incidence of fetuses with delayed ossification of the 2nd and 5th sternebrae was significantly higher than in the control group. In summary, dams given BCS in doses of 35 mg/kg and 245 mg/kg displayed toxic manifestations. Fetuses showed slightly delayed ossification. However, the test substance was concluded to be free of any lethal or teratogenic effects.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗