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Biomedical subjects

K Tazawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Tazawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

CEA immunohistochemical localization is correlated with growth and metastasis of human gallbladder carcinoma.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a good marker of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that CEA may function as a metastatic potentiator by different pathways; i.e., modulation of immune responses, facilitation of intercellular adhesion and cellular migration. However, expression patterns of CEA have not yet been established in human gallbladder carcinomas. In this study, we examined CEA expression in human gallbladder adenocarcinomas and its clinicopathological significance. CEA immunoreactivity was detected not only in the cancer cells (cytoplasmic type: 63.0%, 34/54) but also in the cancer stroma (stromal type: 29.6%, 16/54). According to TNM classification, 75.0% (30/40) of T2-4 gallbladder cancers showed cytoplasmic CEA, while 28.6% (4/14) of the T1 cancers were cytoplasmic CEA-positive (p<0.05). Stromal CEA expression was detected in 40.0% (16/40) and none (0/14) of the T2-4 and T1 cancers, respectively (p<0.05). Lymph node metastasis was frequently found in the cytoplasmic CEA- and stromal CEA-positive gallbladder cancers (44.1% and 62.5%, respectively). These observations suggested that CEA expression plays important roles in cancer cell growth and metastasis of human gallbladder adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Tumor regression by inductive hyperthermia combined with hepatic embolization using dextran magnetite-incorporated microspheres in rats.

We formulated a novel preparation of microspheres incorporating dextran magnetite complex (DM-MS), which enable magnetic field-induced heating for the induction of hyperthermia. Using a 500 kHz magnetic field combined with arteriolar embolization of DM-MS, inductive hyperthermia was performed for the treatment of liver tumors in rats. Three days after treatment, the percentage increase of tumor volume in the embolo-hyperthermia, embolization alone, and control groups were 28%, 124%, and 385%, respectively, with the embolo-hyperthermia group differing significantly from the remaining groups. This study demonstrated the feasibility of combining embolization of DM-MS with hyperthermia as an antitumor therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Synergistic antiproliferative effect of delta 12-prostaglandin J2 (delta 12-PGJ2) and hyperthermia on human esophageal cancer cell lines.

delta 12-PGJ2, one of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins and the ultimate metabolite of prostaglandin D2, has been reported to have potent antiproliferative activity on various tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the combined effect of delta 12-PGJ2 and hyperthermia on six established cell lines of human esophageal carcinoma (SGF series) was analyzed by an in vitro assay, and the degree of apoptosis induced by this combination was examined to clarify the mechanism of supra-additive effects. In five SGF cell lines, except SGF-7 cells, combination therapy with delta 12-PGJ2 and hyperthermia showed synergistic antiproliferative effects. The supra-additive combined effect of delta 12-PGJ2 and hyperthermia on esophageal cancer cells is attributed to the synergistic induction of apoptosis. delta 12-PGJ2 induced G1 accumulation and apoptosis was induced by delta 12-PGJ2 from G1 phase. Hyperthermia induced G1 accumulation and apoptosis was induced by hyperthermia during all cell phases. Both augmented G1 arrest followed by G1 phase-selective induction of apoptosis and increased apoptotic induction without cell-cycle specificity are responsible for the synergism of combined treatment with delta 12-PGJ2 and hyperthermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Splenic artery aneurysm associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: report of a case.

We herein report on a 64-year-old Japanese female patient who presented with a splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The saccular aneurysm, which measured 3 cm in diameter, was located in the proximal third of the splenic artery from the pancreas with a portosystemic shunt. A double ligation of the splenic artery (the distal and proximal sides of the aneurysm) was performed without a splenectomy. The postoperative course showed acute pancreatitis without either splenic infarction or portal thrombus. To our knowledge, the closed association of SLE with an aneurysmal dilatation of the splenic artery has not been previously reported. Both the pathogenesis and the management of SAA associated with SLE are discussed following the presentation of this case. This is the first reported case of SAA associated with SLE.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1999

Active-oxygen scavenging activity of traditional nourishing-tonic herbal medicines and active constituents of Rhodiola sacra.

The active-oxygen scavenging activity of 70 traditional herbal medicines used in China and Japan as nourishing tonics were evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) technique, in order to evaluate their effectiveness for anti-aging and to search for new active-oxygen scavengers from natural resources. Most of the 70 herbal medicines showed scavenging activity with various intensities. Areca catechu (methanol extract), Dendrobium plicatile (methanol extract), Juglans regia (water extract), Paeonia lactiflora (methanol extract), Psychotria serpens (water and methanol extracts), Rhodiola sacra (water and methanol extracts) and Uncaria rhynchophylla (water extract) especially showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide anion radical (*O2-), while J. regia (water and methanol extracts), Morus alba (water extract) and Schisandra chinensis (water extract) revealed strong scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical (HO*). In addition, the active-oxygen scavenging activities of 19 compounds isolated from R. sacra were also examined, and hydroquinone (1), caffeic acid (3), protocatechuic acid (6), gallic acid (7), (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (8), 3-O-galloylepigallocatechin-(4beta-->8)-epigallocatechin+ ++ 3-O-gallate (10), heterodendrin (17) and gallic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (19) were found to show mild or strong inhibitory activity against superoxide anion radical (*O2-), while 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 3, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4), 6-8 and 19 inhibited hydroxyl radical (OH*). These active-oxygen scavengers may contribute, to different extents, to their anti-aging action.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1999

Localization of prostate-specific antigen-like immunoreactivity in human salivary gland and salivary gland tumors.

Immunoreactivity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a kallikrein-like enzyme present in the seminal plasma, was demonstrated by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using a PSA antiserum in the apical cytoplasm along the luminal border of small-sized duct epithelial cells of the major salivary (parotid and submandibular) gland of both sexes (56/56, 100%). No PSA-like immunoreactivity was seen in large-sized duct epithelial cells and acinar cells. Minor salivary gland ducts were negative. When inflammatory and atrophic changes were observed, ductal expression of PSA-like immunoreactivity was decreased (12/37, 32%) and the site of intracellular localization often became diffusely cytoplasmic. The immunoreactivity was absorbed by human seminal plasma. Immunoreactivities of prostatic acid phosphatase and sex hormone receptors were undetectable in the salivary gland. Twenty-nine (34%) of 86 salivary gland tumors with ductal differentiation were immunoreactive for PSA mainly in the cytoplasm. A PSA monoclonal antibody ER-PR8 detected immunoreactivity in the prostate but not in the salivary glands or their tumors. Prostate-specific antigen-like immunoreactivity in small-sized (intercalated) duct epithelial cells of the major salivary gland and their tumors may be due to cross-reactivity of the antiserum with kallikrein-like substances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Type VI collagen immunoreactivity in skeinoid fibers in small intestinal stromal tumors.

By immunoperoxidase analysis for types I to VI collagen, elastin, cytoskeletal components and some glycoproteins, we found type VI collagen immunoreactivity in amorphous eosinophilic deposits (skeinoid fibers) in three small intestinal stromal tumors. Negative results were obtained for types I, II, III, IV and V collagen, elastin, laminin, ubiquitin, intracellular filaments such as actin, desmin, vimentin, calponin and caldesmon, and glycoprotein such as lysozyme, factor XIIIa, beta2-microglobulin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-antichymotrypsin. In two lesions, the periodic acid-Schiff-positive skeinoid fibers were also focally labeled for amyloid P component.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An immunohistochemical and clinicopathological study of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Immunohistochemical and clinicopathological features of 58 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were studied. One occurred in the esophagus, 41 in the stomach, nine in the small intestine, and seven in the large intestine. By using indirect immunoperoxidase staining for Cajal cell markers (c-kit protein and CD34), smooth muscle markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin, heavy caldesmon and calponin) and Schwann cell markers (S-100 protein and Leu 7), GIST were classified into five groups, such as Cajal cell type (n = 9), myogenic type (n = 5), Schwann cell type (n = 2), mixed cell type (n = 40) and undifferentiated type (n = 2). c-kit Protein (42/58; 72%) and CD34 (45/58; 78%) were commonly and diffusely expressed in GIST. Novel smooth muscle markers, caldesmon (29/58; 50%) and calponin (18/58; 31%), were useful in detecting myogenic characters of GIST. S-100 protein was expressed in 16 (28%) tumors, two of which were also reactive with Leu 7 (CD57). Three small bowel tumors with skeinoid fibers expressed the Cajal cell markers, and were categorizable in GIST. Clinicopathological analyses using aggressive (n = 21) and non-aggressive (n = 21) GIST indicated that the malignant potential was correlated with the intestinal location, large tumor size, high cellularity, necrosis, solid (non-interlacing bundled) pattern of growth, negativity of c-kit protein and/or CD34, high mitotic count, and high MIB-1 labeling.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed1999

[Extended resection of the great vessels for primary lung cancer and mediastinal tumor].

From 1973 to 1998, we resected and reconstructed the great vessels in 44 patients with primary lung cancer or mediastinal tumor. Among them, 39 patients (28 with lung cancer and 11 with mediastinal tumor) and 5 patients (all with lung cancer) underwent reconstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) and aorta, respectively. The SVC was repaired by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) graft (n = 8), prosthetic patch (n = 5) or direct suture (n = 26). The aorta was repaired with temporary subclavian artery-descending aorta (n = 3), or left atrium-femoral artery bypass (n = 2). No complication or operative death occurred after surgery. The survival rate of the patients with lung cancer who underwent SVC reconstruction at 3 year and 5 year were 26.2% and 11.2%, respectively. Five of 11 (45.5%) patients with mediastinal tumor are alive at 5 years. We concluded that extended resection for primary lung cancer or mediastinal tumor invading the SVC is acceptable operation method for some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Dietary fiber inhibits the incidence of hepatic metastasis with the anti-oxidant activity and portal scavenging functions].

Dietary fiber is described as the proportion of plant foods not digested in the human small intestine. Among the various kinds of pectin, apple pectin exerts a bacteriostatic action and therefore may change the composition of the intestinal flora. The diet supplemented with 20% apple pectin significantly decreased the number and the incidence of AOM-induced colon tumors in rats. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in the distal colonic mucosa and blood of portal vein was lower in rats fed 20% pectin than those fed the basal diet. The ability of apple pectin to decrease PGE2 was dose-dependent and those results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect in the bowel. Rats fed apple pectin showed a significantly lower incidence of hepatic metastasis than those fed the basal diet. To determine whether the anti-inflammatory effect of Lactobacillus on hepatic metastasis model same as apple pectin, Lactobacillus casei was selected. Metastatic nodules were significantly reduced, especially in the group receiving pretreatment. Apple pectic oligosaccharides with small molecular weights showed highly inhibitory effects on hypoxanthin-xanthin oxidase and ferrous sulfate-hydrogen peroxide. The scavenging activity of apple pectic oligosaccharides was suitable and accelerated at high temperatures (120 degrees C, 30 min.). Apple pectin and Lactobacillus have a scavenger effect in the intestinal digestion and portal circulation system as an anti-inflammatory food and have very important function for the prevention of hepatic metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A case of resection under the IVC-atrial venovenous bypass of a hepatoblastoma after intraarterial chemotherapy.

An 11-month-old infant with a huge hepatoblastoma occupying almost the entire liver was admitted to the hospital. Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was elevated to 685,120 ng/mL. Combination chemotherapy with continuous arterial infusion of tetrahydropyranyl Adriamycin (THP-Adriamycin) and cisplatin based on the 91B1 protocol of the Japanese Study Group For Pediatric Liver Tumor (JPLT) was administered as the adjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor responded to three courses of chemotherapy and shrank in size, although venocavography showed that the inferior vena cava (IVC) was completely occluded below the entry of the hepatic veins. Right hepatic trisegmentectomy was performed with an IVC-atrial venovenous bypass that prevented massive bleeding. In this case, it was recognized that the IVC-atrial venovenous bypass was advantageous in an infant. The procedure is very simple and the blood flow obtained by the bypass was sufficient. Two weeks postoperatively, three courses of chemotherapy were initiated after the protocol. The patient remains well without signs of recurrence 39 months postoperatively, and the AFP value has remained within 10 ng/mL.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1998

Localized accumulation of Russell body-containing plasma cells in gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori infection: 'Russell body gastritis'.

One of the gastric biopsy specimens taken from a 53-year-old male showed localized accumulation of plasma cells containing Russell bodies, in association with infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). An endoscopic study demonstrated multiple ulcer scars in the antrum. Immunohistochemically, H. pylori infection was identified both on the surface of the foveolar epithelial cells and in the cytoplasm of macrophages in the lamina propria mucosae. Plasma cells filled with 'Russell bodies', so-called 'Motts cells', were immunoreactive for CD45, CD79a and IgG. This seems to be a previously unrecognized tissue reaction in gastric mucosa associated with H. pylori infection, which we have called 'Russell body gastritis'.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1998

Effect of prolonged staining with hematoxylin on detecting Helicobacter pylori in hematoxylin-eosin-stained gastric mucosa.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is identifiable in hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained preparations, particularly under a prolonged hematoxylin staining condition. The staining intensity of H. pylori bodies was increased when the hematoxylin staining period was doubled from 5 min, the routine period of Meyer's hematoxylin staining, to 10 min. The staining intensity of the background epithelial nuclei was only mildly increased. Hematoxylin-eosin staining employing a prolonged hematoxylin staining period gave detectability of H. pylori comparable to May-Giemsa and immunoperoxidase staining. The modified HE method is thus very useful and practical for identifying H. pylori in routine gastric biopsy specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Microdialysis assessment of 5-fluorouracil release from thermosensitive magnetoliposomes induced by an electromagnetic field in tumor-bearing mice.

The current study was designed to evaluate the properties of thermosensitive magnetoliposomes (TMs), a new drug carrier proposed by the authors, in an electromagnetic field pertaining to their selective heating and drug release under an in vivo condition. TMs containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation, injected into the tumor mass of B 16-BL6 melanoma in mice, and selectively heated by a 500-kHz electromagnetic field. The release profile of 5-FU from TMs was examined by using a microdialysis technique. The temperature of TMs in the tumor was effectively elevated to 42 degrees C and maintained at this temperature, overcoming the "cooling effect" of blood flow and surrounding tissues. The release kinetics of 5-FU from TMs was successfully analyzed by physiological modeling, which allows the prediction of intratumor drug concentrations during electromagnetic field exposure under various conditions. In conclusion, this study first demonstrated an in vivo evidence for the electromagnetic field-induced thermosensitive release of a drug from TMs in a tumor with the use of microdialysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[The TNM classification of cancer--from the viewpoint of pathology].

The 5th international TNM classification (proposed in 1997) is an anatomical classification of cancers used all over the world. In Japan, various kinds of Japanese classification of cancers have widely been accepted since 1962. Researchers may be confounded at international cancer conferences because of some differences in these classification. We here summarize the history and criteria of the present TNM classification and describe the concept of new N factors additional and in the 5th edition. In the Japanese versions of cancer classification, the concepts of H and P factors should be reconsidered. The importance of the cytologic diagnosis in ascites is discussed and pathological grades of differentiation into the new cancer staging are introduced.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Glomerular proliferating cell kinetics in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN).

To investigate the time sequence of glomerular cell proliferation in acute human glomerulonephritis, renal biopsy tissues were examined from 15 acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) patients (who were biopsied 1-31 days after onset), using an immunoperoxidase technique with monoclonal antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and various cell surface markers. Few, if any, PCNA+ cells were observed in normal glomeruli, but many cells were positive for PCNA in the acute phase of APSGN. Glomerular PCNA+ cells were observed either within glomerular tufts, or lining Bowman's capsule (parietal epithelial cells); the number of positive cells tended to decrease exponentially as the disease duration increased (r = -0.91, P < 0.0001). PCNA+ cells within glomerular tufts were further identified by double immunostaining. PCNA was not found in PMN or T cells, but a small proportion of macrophages were PCNA+. Most of the remaining PCNA+ cells were resident glomerular cells; the proportion of PCNA+ endothelial cells (CD31+) was over 80 per cent in the early phase, but as the disease continued the proportion of mesangial cells (alpha-smooth muscle actin+) increased to about half of the total PCNA+ cells within the tuft. These data indicate that the hypercellular glomeruli in APSGN are due not only to immune cell infiltration, but also to resident glomerular cell proliferation, probably induced by locally produced growth factors.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Surgical stress inhibits the growth of fibroblasts through the elevation of plasma catecholamine and cortisol concentrations.

To investigate the influence of surgical stress on fibroblast proliferation, serum samples were collected from 12 patients within 1 week after they had undergone gastrointestinal surgery, and the effect of these samples on the growth of fibroblasts from neonatal mice were evaluated by an in vitro assay. In addition, the course of the postoperative plasma levels of the stress-induced hormones, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol, and the direct effects of these substances on the proliferation of fibroblasts, were also analyzed. The sera collected from patients on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative day had a significant antiproliferative effect on the growth of fibroblasts. The evaluation of the levels of plasma catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and cortisol revealed elevated postoperative concentrations of these substances in three patients, and the peaks were seen on the 1st or 3rd postoperative day. Furthermore, the growth of cultured fibroblasts was inhibited when each of these substances was added to the medium at a concentration comparable to the level found in the postoperative sera. These results suggest that adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol may thus be among the circulating fibroblast growth inhibitors in postoperative patients and that surgical stress affects the formation of granulation in an inhibitory manner through the elevation of these stress-induced substances.

Animals↗