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Biomedical subjects

K Tokiwa

Publications and source records attributed to K Tokiwa.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) variant found in a disputed paternity case.

GPT variants, GPT2C-1 and GPT2A-2C, were found in samples from a mother and her child, respectively, in a disputed paternity case. The phenotype GPT 2C-1 was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed at alkaline pH and acidic pH; this is probably the first GPT*2C-1 detected in Japanese. It was considered that the GPT 2C allele in this family was inherited in a manner of autosomal codominant transmission.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

[Therapeutic effect of adjuvant combination chemotherapy in the treatment of 8 cases of childhood soft-tissue sarcoma].

The therapeutic results obtained in eight cases of childhood malignant soft-tissue sarcoma are summarized. Male to female ratio was 4:4, four were rhabdomyosarcoma and 5 were defined as Group I/II. Adjuvant combination chemotherapy was administered soon after biopsy (3 cases), or after partial or total resection (3 cases) of the primary tumor. In one case, irradiation was employed and in the remaining case, no further therapy was given after surgery. The three patients who underwent total removal of the tumor followed by adjuvant chemotherapy including adriamycin, and a patient with a partially resected intra-orbital tumor which responded well to a similar form of chemotherapy are currently alive after 26+ to 71+ months. By contrast, four patients whose tumors were too bulky to be resected responded poorly to chemotherapy and died. It must be emphasized that adjuvant chemotherapy is of limited value in the treatment of advanced childhood soft-tissue sarcoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[Myelopathy caused by hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament (HPLL): case report].

A case of myelopathy caused by hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the cervical spine is reported. A 71-year-old man was hospitalized with myelopathy with progressed during the last two months. Plain X-ray of the cervical spine revealed only mild spondylotic change. Myelography demonstrated completely blocked contrast medium at C4 to C5 vertebral height due to epidural mass. This epidural mass was localized ventral to the spinal cord from C3 to C5. CT scan revealed slightly high density area behind the vertebral body. On surgery, no evidence of disc fragment but only hypertrophied posterior longitudinal ligament which was removed was found to be a cause of cord compression. Excellent recovery of neurological symptoms after operation was obtained. On histological study, remarkable hypertrophy, edema, hyalinoid degeneration and a little calcification of the ligament was found, which did not show any evidence of new bone formation. HPLL was characterized by thickened and broad epidural mass in the ventral side of cervical cord with Hounsfield number of 90-156 on CT scan, which is not very easy to differentiate from metastatic epidural tumor. The cause of HPLL is not well elucidated, though, this may be a new category of compression myelopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A sequence of tests of minute human blood stains for human origin identification and ABO blood grouping.

A series of examinations is presented for human origin identification and ABO blood grouping of doubtful minute human blood stains. A blood-stained thread (0.5 cm in length) was first tested to identify human origin by microprecipitation method and then the ABO blood type was determined by both a modified absorption-elution test and a modified mixed agglutination. In the continuous tests, the maximum limits of positive reactions of the microprecipitation method, the modified absorption-elution test, and the modified mixed agglutination were 1:640, 1:160, and 1:2,560 diluted blood, respectively. A and B agglutinogens were more sensitively determined than H agglutinogen. Hemagglutinogens of blood stains on cotton threads were more easily detected than those of polyester ones.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Biliary manometry in choledochal cyst with abnormal choledochopancreatico ductal junction.

Intraoperative manometry of the biliary tract and measurement of amylase levels in choledochal cysts were performed in seven patients, aged 14 months to 5 years, with choledochal cysts, in an investigation of the pathophysiology of the biliary tract. An abnormal choledochopancreatico ductal junction was observed in these seven patients by preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) or intraoperative cholangiograms. All six patients examined showed a high amylase level in the choledochal cyst (5,450 to 46,500 Somogyi Units). The intraoperative manometry of the biliary tract showed that a remarkable high pressure zone as was found in the area of sphincter of Oddi was not found in the area of abnormal choledochopancreatico ductal junction. The pressure recordings also demonstrated that the sphincter of Oddi pressure in the patient with choledochal cyst was increased by gastrin stimulation. On the contrary, no pressure reaction to gastrin or secretin was found in the area of abnormal choledochopancreatic ductal junction. From these results it seems that free reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary system occurs, and the reflux stream depends upon the pressure gradient between pancreatic ductal pressure and common bile duct pressure because of the lack of a sphincter function at the choledochopancreatico ductal junction.

Amylases↗
PubMed1986

Transabdominal closure of tracheoesophageal fistula: a new procedure for the management of poor-risk esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula.

Nissen fundoplication results in closure of the tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) without the necessity for a thoracic operation by preventing both the reflux of gastric contents into the lungs through the distal TEF, and leakage of air into the stomach of less than 30 cm H2O intrapulmonary pressure. This procedure can safely be used even for a poor-risk patient and adequate nutritional support (full-strength milk) can be provided immediately after the fundoplication by a gastrostomy tube because the gastric contents cannot reflux into the lungs. This procedure was performed on two patients with esophageal atresia and distal TEF in Waterston Group C and gave successful results.

Esophageal Atresia↗
PubMed1986

Cholelithiasis in children with congenital spherocytosis.

Cholelithiasis was diagnosed in two children with congenital spherocytosis of 7 and 9 years of age. Surgery was performed at age 10 and 14, respectively. The presence of gallstones should be considered in patients with congenital spherocytosis even under the age of 10. Various radiologic methods and ultrasonography are useful in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis in children as well as in adults. Once the diagnosis of cholelithiasis is established the treatment of choice is cholecystectomy and splenectomy at the same operation. To perform both procedures an upper midline incision proved to be satisfactory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of aortography in assessing the resectability of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma in children.

To assess the resectability of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma and determine the timing of a "second-look" resection of primary tumor on the basis of aortographic findings, 32 abdominal aortographies performed on 26 patients with retroperitoneal neuroblastoma (22 adrenal, 4 paraspinal) were examined retrospectively. Angiographic findings of both displacement of aorta and narrowing of aorta indicate the difficulty of complete removal of the neuroblastoma. These findings were particularly useful in determining the resectability of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma. On the other hand, the absence of angiographic findings of both displacement of main vessels (celiac axis, origin of superior mesenteric artery, or renal arteries) and stretching of main vessels indicate the feasibility of complete removal of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma. On the basis of angiographic findings, the decision to resect the retroperitoneal neuroblastoma could be made in 6 patients, who underwent the "second-look" operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Experimental study on the growth and proliferation kinetics of residual tumor after surgery in mouse neuroblastoma.

In order to elucidate the proliferation kinetics of residual tumors after surgery, experimental studies were performed, using C-1300NB and A/J mice, tumor-host system. Mice were inoculated with C-1300NB cells in the chest and leg simultaneously, and then divided into three groups. Growth curves of chest tumors (residual tumors) in Group B after amputation of the tumor-bearing leg were significantly steeper than those of both Group A, whose tumor-bearing legs were not amputated, and Group C, whose normal legs were amputated, at the same tumor age. 3H-TdR labeling indices of chest tumors of Group B were significantly higher than those of Group A (P less than 0.05). DNA histograms of the chest tumors of Group A uniformly showed a unimodal distribution with a peak in the 2c range. On the other hand, in Group B the peak of nuclear DNA distribution shifted from the 2c range to the 4c range after amputation of tumor-bearing leg. The results indicated that an increase in cells in the DNA synthetic phase occurred in the remaining neuroblastoma after reducing the volume of tumor in host by amputation of tumor-bearing legs.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1985

An evaluation of surgical treatment and chemotherapy of advanced neuroblastoma (stage III & IV) with special reference to proliferation kinetics of residual tumors.

Twenty two children with advanced retroperitoneal neuroblastoma and one child with advanced posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma admitted to our clinic were treated as follows. Seven patients (group A) underwent primary resection of tumor immediately after diagnosis. In two patients of this group, the levels of VMA and HVA in urine after surgery decreased to nearly normal (group A-I), while they did not change appreciably in the other 5 patients (group A-II). Seven patients (group B) underwent resection of tumor following complete or partial response to preoperative chemotherapy. Nine patients (group C) did not undergo resection of the tumor except for exploratory laparotomy. Two group A-I patients have survived, free of disease, for 6 months and 12 months after diagnosis. All patients of group A-II died within a year. Residual tumors of 4 patients of this group began to grow explosively just after surgery, although they received persistent postoperative chemotherapy. Four patients of group B survived for more than two years and the two patients of this group who received continuous intra-arterial PGE1 therapy had no postoperative explosive growth of residual tumors. Two patients in group C survived for 20 months and the others died within a year. Primary tumors and metastatic foci responded well to therapy as compared with group A-II, which suggests that presence of primary tumors may inhibit rapid growth of metastatic foci. Resection of primary tumors, therefore, was not always conducive to survival unless residual tumor responded to postoperative chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cancer of the gallbladder in a 9-year-old girl.

Carcinoma of the gallbladder was found in a 9-year-old girl. The patient was transferred to our hospital because of an abdominal mass and right upper quadrant pain. X-ray cholecystography and ultrasonography were performed preoperatively. The ultrasonic scan showed a thickened wall and lack of contractility of the gallbladder. A laparotomy was performed under the diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis. At operation a peanut-sized nodule, in which adeno carcinoma was demonstrated by frozen section, was palpable at the neck of the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy was performed with T-tube drainage and postoperative chemotherapy was administered. The patient has had no evidence of tumour recurrence in 24 months of follow-up.

Adenocarcinoma↗