Biomedical subjects

K Torniainen

Publications and source records attributed to K Torniainen.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

Structure elucidation of a photodegradation product of ciprofloxacin.

In the photochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(piperazinyl)-3-quinolone carboxylic acid, two major decomposition products are formed in acidic solution. The main degradation product, after both artificial and daylight exposure, was 7-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolone carboxylic acid. This product was also the dominating compound after more than 5 h irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp in aqueous solutions at pH < or = 2 when the solvent additionally contained water-miscible organic solvent. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated on the basis of the chemical behaviour in thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, and of information from infrared, ultraviolet, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed1997

Isolation and structure elucidation of an intermediate in the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin.

Ciprofloxacin decomposes photochemically in aqueous solutions at acidic pH forming two major degradation products. One of the products, isolated from irradiated solutions by flash chromatography, was 7-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acid. The compound was an intermediate in the photochemical process, which degraded after longer exposure with a high-pressure mercury lamp to an aromatic amino-compound, 7-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acid. The structure of the intermediate was elucidated on the basis of information from ultraviolet, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed1996

Linking patient medication data with laboratory information system.

Dozens of new drugs are taken into clinical use each year. Even if the clinicians were able to learn the most important therapeutic effects of the drugs they prescribe, they would still be unable to remember all of their minor effects. After storing patient related medication data on computerized patient records it is possible to build decision support modules which automatically remind of possible drug influences on laboratory tests and cause alarms or alerts of drug interactions. Medication profiles coded using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical-code (ATC-code) constitutes a valuable part of an Electronic Patient Record (EPR). In this paper, we describe the benefits of our system. By building links to commercially available drug and laboratory databases we can automatically inform clinicians on clinically relevant drug influences on laboratory test results.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗

PubMed1995

Using computerized individual medication data to detect drug effects on clinical laboratory tests.

In clinical practice, thousands of drugs are used daily. Clinicians know the therapeutic effects of drugs but other minor drug effects are often ignored either because of inadequate knowledge of these effects or simply because of the limited memory capacity of a human being. This problem can be solved by using a computerized information system, which includes medication data of individual patients as well as information about non-therapeutic drug-effects. One of these non-therapeutic confusing drug effects is the influence of drugs on laboratory tests; a problem that should be taken into account in clinical practice and diagnostics. Other complicating drug effects include drug interactions and patient related adverse drug reactions. In a computerized information system, it is possible to build decision support modules that automatically give alarms or alerts of important drug effects other than therapeutic effects. If these warnings concern laboratory tests they are checked by a laboratory physician and only those with clinical significance are sent to clinicians. Warnings of drug interactions and adverse drug reactions are immediately evaluated by the physician responsible for the treatment. By means of the computerized information system, it is also possible to get better information of current medication practice which in turn gives better chances to agree on common guidelines and enables better quality assurance.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗

PubMed1988

Evaluation of plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase resistance in Escherichia coli blood culture isolates.

The frequency of beta-lactam resistance was determined among 313 strains of Escherichia coli, 119 of Enterobacter/Klebsiella/Proteus spp., and 48 of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from blood cultures (at Turku University Central Hospital and Turku City Hospital) in 1983-1987. During this period the MIC50 of ampicillin for Escherichia coli increased from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml, the MIC90 of piperacillin from 16 to greater than 32 micrograms/ml and the MIC90 of cefuroxime from 4-8 to 16 micrograms/ml. Among 172 ampicillin-resistant isolates beta-lactamase-mediated resistance was characterized by DNA hybridization with TEM-1, SHV-1, OXA-1, OXA-2, PSE-1, PSE-2 and PSE-4 beta-lactamase probes and by isoelectric focusing. Beta-lactamase types found were TEM-1, TEM-2, SHV-1 and OXA-1. Isoelectric focusing did not show any other plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase varieties. Piperacillin-resistant strains showed mostly TEM-1 activity, but also produced OXA-1 and chromosomal beta-lactamase. Interestingly, a decrease in cefuroxime susceptibility in Escherichia coli occurred in a few OXA-1 producing strains as well as in strains that produced only chromosomal beta-lactamase. Two Escherichia coli strains that overproduced chromosomal beta-lactamase had increased ceftazidime MIC values (8-16 micrograms/ml).

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1987

Alum irrigation in the treatment of severe haemorrhage from the bladder.

Ten patients in whom severe haemorrhage from the bladder persisted after clot evacuation and fulguration were treated by continuous irrigation with 1% alum solution. Bleeding ceased in 8 patients, and was temporary in only one of these cases. In 2 patients with thrombocytopaenia the treatment failed. No side effects were noticed. Serum aluminium level was measured in one patient and the value was normal.

Administration, Intravesical↗