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Biomedical subjects

K Trygg

Publications and source records attributed to K Trygg.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nutrient intake and nutritional status in children with juvenile chronic arthritis.

Nutrient intake and nutritional status were assessed in 15 children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and in 17 healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements were similar in children with pauciarticular JCA and in controls, whereas weight (p = 0.05) and upper arm muscle area (UAMA) (p less than 0.01) were reduced in children with polyarticular JCA. Compared with healthy controls the concentrations of hemoglobin, serum iron and serum zinc were reduced in the children with polyarticular JCA (p less than 0.01) and serum copper was increased (p less than 0.01). In the patients the concentrations of hemoglobin, serum iron and serum zinc correlated negatively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), whereas serum copper correlated positively. Impaired nutritional status was found in the children with polyarticular JCA in spite of increased energy and protein intake. In this group of patients the dietary intake of calcium was also found to be reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Food patterns in the Nordic countries.

The purpose of the work reported is to provide a first-order assessment of food patterns and food pattern trends in each of the Nordic countries. The primary source of input has been food supply data for the period of 1970-1988. The study reveals that important changes in food consumption have taken place over the last 20 years. In Finland and Norway, this has resulted in a reduction of energy contribution from fat to 35%. For Denmark and Sweden no such reduction is observed. The data are intended for use in a wider context in a transeuropean search for relations between health problems and food patterns.

Feeding Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Fish-oil concentrate: effects on variables related to cardiovascular disease.

Sixty-four male, healthy volunteers aged 35-45 y were randomly assigned to receive (as 1-g capsules) either 14 g fish-oil concentrate/d (55% n-3 fatty acids) or 14 g olive oil/d for 6 wk. Plasma fibrinogen was reduced by 13% and serum triglycerides by 22% after fish-oil supplementation ended. Three weeks after supplementation ended both variables were back to baseline values. An appreciable increase in the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA:AA) in plasma eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA:AA) in plasma and red blood cell phospholipids occurred during the fish-oil intake. High-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL2 activity tended to be lowered by fish-oil supplementation. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, blood glucose, and monocyte low-density-lipoprotein receptor activity did not differ significantly between the two groups. The reduction in plasma fibrinogen concentration seems of special interest because this variable in several recent studies emerges as a separate cardiovascular risk factor with a high predictive value.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bioavailability of daily low dose iron supplements in menstruating women with low iron stores.

Women (n = 45; 18-48 years) with serum ferritin less than or equal to 20 micrograms/l and haemoglobin greater than 120 g/l participated in an iron supplement bioavailability study. They were randomized to one of three groups and given one of three different low-dose supplements (18-20 mg iron/d) for 6 months. One of the supplements contained haem iron and non-haem iron, the others contained non-haem iron only. Serum ferritin, haemoglobin, serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined at start and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Dietary intakes were recorded during 4 and 3 consecutive days after 1 and 3 months, respectively, by the aid of household measures and a set of food models. The increase in mean serum ferritin was significant (P less than 0.01) for two of the supplements, the one containing haem iron giving the best result. All the supplements resulted in a significant (P less than 0.011) mean decrease in TIBC. No significant differences between the groups were found in daily intakes of food factors known to influence iron absorption. The improvement in iron status was therefore attributed to the supplements. None of the supplements caused iron intolerance. Thus low-dose iron supplements given to iron depleted non-anaemic women may be an alternative to high-dose therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Women and iron deficiency--a problem? Iron levels in a group of fertile Norwegian women and the bioavailability of 3 low-dose iron supplements in women with low iron stores].

Serum ferritin levels were determined in 170 healthy Norwegian women (18-48 y, median age 36 y) including 23 blood donors. Exhausted iron stores, defined by serum ferritin levels less than 17 micrograms/l, were found in 21.8% of the non-donors, and in 30.4% of the donors. Women with serum ferritin levels less than or equal to 20 micrograms/l participated in a bioavailability study. They were randomized to one of three groups and given one of three different low dose iron supplements (18-20 mg iron per day) for six months. One of the supplements contained heme iron and non-heme iron, the other two contained non-heme iron only. Mean serum ferritin increase was significant for two of the supplements, the one containing heme iron giving the best result. All the supplements resulted in a significant decrease in TIBC.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Coffee, dietary habits, and serum cholesterol among men and women 35-49 years of age.

The relations between coffee and dietary habits and between coffee, dietary habits, and serum cholesterol were examined in 11,912 men and 12.328 women aged 35-49 years in the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Study in Oppland, southern Norway, 1976-1978. Dietary data are based on results from a self-administered questionnaire. In both sexes, the dietary pattern of persons with a high coffee consumption differed from that of persons with a low coffee consumption: Heavy coffee drinkers had a higher consumption of bread, potatoes, and butter or margarine per slice of bread and more frequent use of hard margarine; men had a higher consumption of eggs and a lower consumption of skim milk. These results suggest a higher total food and fat consumption and a lower ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids among heavy coffee drinkers. However, only 20% of the variation in coffee consumption was explained by dietary and lifestyle variables. The study confirmed a positive relation between serum cholesterol and use of butter or hard margarine (p less than 0.001) and between serum cholesterol and coffee consumption (p less than 0.001). Bread consumption and milk consumption were negatively correlated to serum cholesterol. The negative association with skim milk was significant only in women (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nutrition and growth retardation in 10 children with congenital deaf-blindness.

This study describes the nutritional intake, growth, and early food habits of 10 Norwegian children born deaf and blind. They were 1 girl and 9 boys aged 8 to 23 years. A 4-day dietary record, anthropometric measurements, and interviews with the parents were obtained. The children had energy intakes below or in the lower range of the reference values given in the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes of vitamins and minerals were acceptable when supplements were taken into account. Despite low physical activity, all pupils were thin. The interviews with the parents revealed early and serious feeding problems that arose at weaning. At the same time, growth retardation was registered for a majority of the pupils. All pupils were described as strikingly thin while growing up. We conclude that the early feeding problems were so pronounced that malnutrition may be considered a contributing factor to the growth retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Colorectal adenomas and food. A prospective study of change in volume and total mass of adenomas in man.

In an endoscopic population screening study for detection of colorectal polyps the diet was registered before ascertaining whether polyps were present. Polyps less than 5 mm in diameter were followed up for 2 years before removal and histologic diagnosis. The relative risk of an increase both in the volume of registered adenomas (excluding new adenomas) and in the total mass of adenomas (including new adenomas) showed a trend towards an inverse relationship with intake of dietary fiber, non-fiber carbohydrate, and cruciferous vegetables, reaching the significance level only for intake of dietary fiber for increase of adenoma volume in men. A trend towards a positive relationship between growth and total fat intake was more inconsistent, although the significance level was reached for the relative risk of increase in adenoma mass for men. These prospective observations with regard to polyp-bearing individuals agree with previous incidence and prevalence data that have indicated a relationship between dietary habits and colorectal carcinogenesis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

An attempt to identify and describe a group of non-institutionalised elderly with the lowest nutrient score.

This report presents an attempt to identify the elderly with the least satisfactory diet (those with the 20% lowest total nutrient score (Group A)). Group A is compared with the elderly with the most satisfactory diet (those with the 20% highest total nutrient score (Group B)). The groups were compared according to demographical data, health problems, body mass index (BMI), social isolation and utilization of services. The sample, 201 women and 54 men, mean age 82 and 80 years, respectively, consisted of non-institutionalised elderly in Oslo. A food frequency interview method was used to collect information about diet. Other data were collected through interviews, observation and physical examinations. Group A had a higher percentage of women (87 vs 68%), were of higher age (83 vs 81 years), and a higher percentage had a BMI below 20 kg/m2 (36 vs 19%). The elderly in A, regardless of gender, had lower mobility function and were less often out of doors during the summer than those in B. No differences were seen in the percentages of those wearing dentures (81 vs 78%), living alone (83 vs 77%), duration of education (8.3 vs 8.4 years), and economic limitations on food purchases.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Dietary intakes and nutritional status of old people with dementia living at home in Oslo.

A nutritional study was carried out of 16 independent-living elderly (9 women, 7 men) suffering from dementia and a control group matched for sex and age. The study consisted of interview (with participants or relatives/home helps), a 3-d weighed dietary record and biochemical determinations of blood components. No significant difference in mean daily energy intake between demented elderly (women 7.2 +/- 2.0 MJ, men 8.6 +/- 1.2 MJ) and controls (women 6.9 +/- 0.7 MJ, men 9.4 +/- 2.0 MJ) was found. The women with dementia had lower dietary intakes of protein (P less than 0.05), thiamin (P less than 0.05) and vitamin C (P less than 0.01) than female controls. For both sexes in both groups the nutrients most lacking were vitamin D and thiamin. Dietary supplements were more frequently used among elderly with dementia (50 per cent) than among controls (13 per cent) (P less than 0.05). Except for vitamin D, supplements did not reduce the number of demented elderly with low intakes (less than two-thirds of the recommendations) because generally those in most need were non-users. The demented elderly had lower levels of haemoglobin and folic acid (blood and plasma) (P less than 0.05) but better thiamin status (alpha-transketolase) than controls (P less than 0.05). No difference in mean levels of protein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B12 in serum was found. Individuals with blood or serum levels of nutrients below reference values were more frequently found among the demented elderly than among controls. In the dementia group 2 individuals with low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D also had clinical evidence of osteomalacia.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Vitamin D status of two groups of elderly in Oslo: living in old people's homes and living in own homes.

Vitamin D status of two groups of elderly was determined by measuring serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD), and dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake. Group A consisted of 35 women (mean age 86 years), and 21 men (mean age 80 years) living in 5 different homes for elderly. Group B consisted of free-living elderly, 24 women (mean age 76 years) and 7 men (mean age 79 years). There was no or little seasonal variation in serum 25-OHD concentrations in either group. Of those who did not use vitamin D supplements, 83% of the women and 77% of the men in group A, and 40% of the women and none of the men in group B had 25-OHD concentrations below 20 ng/ml in the winter serum samples. Of the 49 individuals who used supplements, only 2 had values below 20 ng/ml. In the institutionalized elderly, 14-15 micrograms vitamin D per day as supplement was associated with a mean increase in 25-OHD concentration in winter serum samples of 25 ng/ml. Dietary intakes of vitamin D were low for both groups, especially for the women (less than 3 micrograms). It is concluded that elderly Norwegians, in particular those living in institutions, ought to improve their vitamin D status by increasing their exposure to sunshine and by including more oily fish in their diet. If this is difficult to achieve, vitamin D supplement (10 micrograms/day) should be used.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Evaluation of nutritional factors.

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between diet and colorectal cancer. Case/control studies, however, have been scarce, and studies based on interview with cancer patients who have symptoms from their cancer are inevitably prone to bias. An endoscopic population screening study for detection of colorectal adenomas enabled a double-blind registration of diet during 5 consecutive weekdays. Neither the participant nor the dietitian was informed of the findings at endoscopy. The estimation of 23 nutritional components was based on analysis of local commercial food and on the composition of foods in Norway. Results showed increasing consumption of fat and decreasing consumption of fiber and cruciferous vegetables in the presence of increasing neoplastic changes. The present material will form the basis for dietary-related follow-up studies.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Acyl pattern of adipose tissue triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, and diet of a group of men participating in a primary coronary prevention program (the Oslo Study).

The acyl pattern of adipose tissue triglycerides and of plasma free fatty acids were determined after 7 yr of diet intervention on elevated plasma cholesterol in 42 men taking part in the smoking-lipid trial of the Oslo Study. Twenty-two of the men were advised to change dietary habits (mainly reduce saturated fat) whereas the remaining 20 were controls. The adipose tissue from men in the intervention group contained relatively more linoleic and linolenic acids and relatively less saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to men in the control group. There were strong correlations between the relative content of several fatty acids in adipose tissue triglycerides and plasma free fatty acid. Furthermore, there was a close correlation between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in a dietary survey done 2 to 3 yr before this study and the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗