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Biomedical subjects

K V Smirnov

Publications and source records attributed to K V Smirnov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Optical density of the mandibular head in cases of TMJ dysfunction and asymmetry of masticatory muscles activity].

There was an examination of 20 patients (12 women and 8 men), aged 30 to 50, with TMJ dysfunction and with partial absence and abrasion of teeth with decrease in the height of the lower facial part and distal mandible shift, and of 12 people (7 women and 5 men), aged 20 to 40, with intact dentitions using electromyography of masticatory muscles and computer tomography, followed by evaluation of the optical density of mandibular head. Analysis of the results enabled to determine the presence of disorders of the balanced activity of masticatory muscles and enables to determine alterations in the optical density of mandibular head. It is necessary to consider the obtained data in planning the prosthetic treatment and preparation of the mouth for prosthetics of patients with TMJ pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the adaptive restructurings of the digestive system during exposure to the factors of space flight].

The article presents an evaluation of the state of the digestive system in astronauts during short-term and long-term space flights. After short-term (7- or 8-day) flights, there was a transitory activation of gastrointestinal enzyme systems. After prolonged space flights, there was an increase in gastric acidity and pepsin excretion, as well as pancreatic and intestinal malfunctions. In summary, there is a transition of the digestive system to a new level of functioning.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1987

Problems of space gastroenterology and microenvironment.

Numerous studies have revealed changes in gastrointestinal secretion, motility, evacuation, and absorption in humans and animals after actual space missions and under hypokinesia of various duration as well. It is found that short-term space missions produce transient changes in the activity of digestive enzymes, instability of bifido- and lactoflora peculiar to stress reaction, and an enhanced evacuation of the stomach. Extended space missions result in more pronounced but transient changes which characterize mainly two states: development of a hypersecretory syndrome of the stomach and decrease in the functional capacity of the pancreas. As a rule, the changes of membranous enzymes are of compensatory-and-adaptive character. Concurrent with this, there occur disbiotic changes of various degree in the intestinal microflora.

Digestion↗
PubMed1986

[Role of the gravitation factor in the development of changes in the digestive system].

The functional state of the gastro-intestinal system of rats aboard of "Cosmos-782", "Cosmos-936" and "Cosmos-1129", was studied. The long-term exposure to zero-gravity resulted in activation of proteolytic enzymes, decrease of carbohydrases and redistribution of lipolytic activities in gastro-intestinal organs. Use of artificial gravity during the flights produced a favourable effect on the proteolytic enzymes.

Amylases↗
PubMed1985

[Oral glucose tolerance tests in man during a 150-day space flight (Salyut 7-Soyuz T9)].

This study was conducted on the pilot specialist of the Salyut 7-Soyuz T9 complex during a 150 days space flight. Glucose tolerance tests were made 3 days before flight, on days 60 and 88 during flight and on days 25 and 55 after flight. The study confirms the decrease of fasting plasma glucose observed during the 3 Skylab missions and demonstrates blunted glucose tolerance curves. The changes were not found during ground based studies using bed rest to simulate weightlessness state. The origin of this abnormality is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Digestive and resorptive function of the small intestine in stressful situation.

The present study examines the effects of severe stress on digestive and resorptive functions of the small intestine. Transverse 20-minute acceleration (+10 Gx) results in an increase of invertase activity, particularly in distal parts of the small intestine. Although the activity of glycyl-l-leucine dipeptidase was changed, the fluctuations were less pronounced than those in invertase activity. Acceleration also produces rise in glucose accumulated in the intestinal mucosa and intensification of active carbohydrate transport. The displacement of the proximodistal gradient of invertase activity and carbohydrate resorption was significant. Dipeptidase and invertase activities in intestinal sacs and in tissue homogenates were depressed following exposure to 15-, 30- and 60-day hypokinetics. In distal parts the invertase activity was increased, and the resorptive function was enhanced. Following exposure to unusual gaseous atmospheres (hypoxic, hypercapnic and hyperoxic) there was an increase in active glucose transport over the entire length of the small intestine. Heat produces a decrease in invertase activity both in intact cells and homogenates. There were no pronounced changes in dipeptidase activity. Transport processes exhibited some variations.

Absorption↗
PubMed1968

Problem of reproduction of food protein by autotrophic organisms in extraterrestrial conditions.

To supply a man during his prolonged stay in extraterrestrial space with dietary protein by storing it in space vehicles seems to be impractical. Protein reproduction could be realized at present only by biosynthesis, which is possible with the autotrophic organisms and is the most economic, universal and therefore quite possible for use in life-support systems. In the paper, experimental results are presented on the biological value of single-celled algae proteins. The results obtained suggested that algae biomass in human rations could not be used in quantities needed for turnover of the components of the space-cabin atmosphere. The main obstacles lie in a hard broken algae shell, a large quantity of pigment, "allergization" of persons with biomass included in their rations, lack of some aminoacids in the protein, as well as man's psychological negativism to algae as a food product. Use of single-celled algae as a food source in the future will depend on improvement of its technological and biological management. A possible use of hydrogen-reducing bacteria as a biological dietary protein product is discussed.

Biomass↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathological convolutions of internal carotid arteries as one of the causes of visual dysfunction in children].

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) in response to reverse chess patterns were studied in 68 patients aged 7-14 years with pathological convolutions of internal carotid arteries and 25 healthy children. The latent period was increased and the amplitude of P100 peak decreased in the patients, which was indicative of dysfunction of the visual route. VEP changed at early stages of cerebral circulation insufficiency. The relationship between hemodynamic parameters and VEP values was proven. Increased latent period and decreased amplitude of the positive peak are the criteria of neurophysiological significance of pathological convolutions in the internal carotid arteries.

Adolescent↗