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Biomedical subjects

K Vijayaraghavan

Publications and source records attributed to K Vijayaraghavan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Nutritional profile of preschool children of armed forces families around Hyderabad.

Three hundred and fifty three preschool children (1 to 5 years) belonging to armed forces families of non-officers (who often come from rural background) stationed at Military Station, Golconda, Hyderabad were studied for their clinical examination and anthropometric status. Diet survey by oral questionnaire was also carried out on a sub-sample of 48 children. The heights and weights of children from families of armed forces were far superior to those of rural Indian preschool children, but they were marginally shorter and lighter than those of well-to-do Hyderabad children. About 92% of the children had weights above 80% of Harvard median. The practical implication of these findings is that the children of rural families, with the usual socioeconomic constraints, when provided with steady income and comprehensive health care can be expected to achieve a growth status which is almost comparable to that of well-to-do children.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Impact of massive doses of vitamin A on incidence of nutritional blindness.

In a longitudinal study designed to assess the impact of a massive-dose vitamin A programme on the incidence of keratomalacia, 50 000 preschool children in 450 slum areas in Hyderabad city (India) were given 200 000 IU of vitamin A once every 6 months. During the study period, the incidence of keratomalacia in areas covered by the programme decreased by about 80%, while in control areas the reduction was of the order of 20%. To test whether large doses of vitamin A supplements prevented keratomalacia, a case-control analysis was done, with patients with severe protein-energy malnutrition being used as controls. The high odds ratio clearly indicated that keratomalacia was more likely to occur in children not receiving supplements.

Blindness↗
PubMed1983

An assay of mononuclear cell dynamics in various subcutaneous cranial sites.

Although polymorphonuclear leukocyte kinetics at sites of tissue injury have been well documented, analogous mononuclear cell data have yet to be reported because of the lack of suitable assay techniques. In this study, counts of mononuclear cells adherent to nitrocellulose filter discs implanted in four subcutaneous sites for nine consecutive days showed a greater degree of cellular accumulation in the temporalis than in the frontalis region, the data for the masseter and submandibular regions being similar and intermediate. This type of assay may prove useful in elucidating the role of mononuclear cells in wound healing and the effect of antiinflammatory agents on mononuclear cell kinetics.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Sequelae of severe xerophthalmia--a follow-up study.

Two-hundred sixteen children with vitamin A deficiency were hospitalized in Hyderabad, India, between 1970 and 1977. Out of these, 22 died during hospitalization. Fifty-six children could be followed-up, of whom 32 had keratomalacia and 24 corneal xerosis. In the keratomalacia group, nine died of reasons attributable to severe protein-energy malnutrition within 3 to 4 months after discharge from the hospital, five became totally blind, nine monocularily blind, and nine had adequate vision, although four of these had leucomas. Of the blind children, no change in condition was noted in the 11 located 1 year after the initial 3 to 4 month follow-up period. Of the 24 children with corneal zerosis, two died within 3 months, 21 retained normal vision, and one had adequate vision with leucoma. The high death rate, i.e., 30% of the keratomalacia cases in this study helps to explain the low prevalence of keratomalacia observed in past and current community surveys. The high return to normalcy of vision in the corneal xerosis cases after proper treatment support the recommendation of treating all children with eye involvement before the keratomalacia state whenever possible, for greater assurance of subsequent eye improvement.

Blindness↗
PubMed1976

The efficacy of arm circumference as a substitute for weight in assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition.

The efficacy of arm circumference in identifying children suffering from different degrees of undernutrition was studied on 605 rural pre-school children, using standards for height, weight and arm circumference obtained on a group of well-to-do healthy children. The results indicated that there existed 57 per cent and 73 per cent agreement in the assessment using arm circumference on one hand, and weight and weight for height respectively on the other. Some children, who were severely undernourished on the basis of weight for age, weight for height and muscle circumference were classified as normal based on arm circumference.

Arm↗
PubMed1975

An unusual case of 'haemorrhagic' bone cyst.

An unusual case of hemorrhagic bone cyst observed over a period of 12 years is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical exploration and histological examination of the tissue. The lesion continued to expand in spite of repeated surgical mandible. Finally, bone formation obliterated the cavity completely at the age of 19, when the facial deformity was corrected. It is suggested that this hemorrhagic bone cyst is of developmental origin. Since intramedullary haemorrhage and proliferation of giant cells are both responsible for the cavity formation and expansion, it is possible that aberrant formation of giant cells by fusion of endothelial cells of abnormal blood vessels may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A simple method to evaluate the massive dose vitamin A prophylaxis program in preschool children.

A massive dose vitamin A prophylaxis program is currently in operation in several States of India. Evaluation of this program on a large scale has so far been difficult due to lack of baseline data on the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in children. In this study, a simple evaluation method which makes use of the linear relationship that exists between age on one hand and prevalence of ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency (Bitot's spots) on the other is described. Regression coefficients between age and prevalence of vitamin A deficiency of areas not covered by the program (control areas) were found to be significantly different both from zero and from regression coefficients of regularly covered areas (experimental areas). Also, all regression lines of control areas were found to be above the regression zone of experimental areas. These differences between the experimental and control areas which were significant, indicate the impact of the program in areas where the program is in operation. The regression coefficient calculated for one area where the program was discontinued after some time was found to be significantly different from zero, also it was different from the regression zone of the experimental areas. However, the regression coefficient of the discontinued area was found to be significantly different from the experimental areas only at 10% level, indicating a lesser degree of efficiency of the program in this area as compared to regularly fed areas. It is, therefore, suggested that evaluation of the massive dose prophylaxis program be done against the null hypothesis beta = 0.0065--the regression coefficient achievable under field conditions.

Child↗