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Biomedical subjects

K W Albegger

Publications and source records attributed to K W Albegger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Abnormal "hair-like" filaments in chronic maxillary sinusitis . A scanning electron microscopic investigation.

Scanning electron microscopic investigations were performed on the maxillary sinus mucosa of five healthy persons and seven patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis. The occurrence of previously undescribed hair-like filaments in one case of chronic maxillary sinusitis is presented. These abnormal filaments are much longer (about 50--60 micron) and thinner (about 0.08 micron) than normal kinocilia (about 0.2 micron thick and 5--7 micron long), thus exhibiting a hair-like appearance. As the microvilli (cytofila) in maxillary sinus mucosa have the same thickness (about 0.08 micron), these hair-like filaments could be regarded as abnormally long microvilli. The possible significance of these abnormal filaments is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Cilia abnormalities in chronic maxillary sinusitis. a transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic investigation (author's transl)].

In the resistance of respiratory diseases the mucociliary clearance is a very important factor. Among them the cilia play a decisive role. The normal structure and some variations of the cilia in the maxillary sinus are described using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The following cilia abnormalities were observed: cilia with a single axonema and excess cytoplasmic matrix; compound cilia and giant cilia with 2-4 and more complete or incomplete axonemata; development of cells, which have secretory granules like goblet cells and cilia like normal ciliated cells. Further the outgrowing of new cilia is shown in the SEM.

Cilia↗
PubMed1977

[Demonstration of clusters in nasal polyps a light and electron microscopic investigation (author's transl)].

Numerous functional studies have shown that lymphocytes and macrophages cooperate during the immune response. Cell clusters, consisting mainly of macrophages and lymphoid cells, were found in nasal polyps in humans, especially the oedematous type. Within the clusters the cells showed close physical contact brought about by microvilli of varying length, suggestive of cellular cooperation. These cell clusters resemble the formations found in vitro and in vivo during immunization procedures.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Human lymphocytes examined by freeze-fracture technique (author's transl)].

Preliminary results of visualising lymphocytes by freeze-fracture are presented. It is a simple yet informative method. Because of the rapid cell manipulation without fixation (freezing of the cells with a temperature gradient of 1000 degrees C/s artefacts are highly unlikely, The method makes it possible to view the interior of the cell.

Freeze Fracturing↗
PubMed1977

[Headaches and sinusitis: (author's transl)].

There is a frequent coincidence of headache and sinusitis. In acute sinusitis, the localization of the headache can yield good diagnostic clues, while chronic inflammations do not offer reliable diagnostic indications. Further characteristics of rhinogenous headache are: typical periodicity during the day, occasional disturbances of sensitivity in a specific cutaneous area and certain typical pressure points in the facial region.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Cluster formation in human nasal polyps. A light- and electron-microscopic investigation.

There is evidence from many functional studies, that lymphocytes and macrophages can cooperate during the immune response. In human nasal polyps, cell clusters were demonstrated which consisted mainly of macrophages and lymphoid cells. Within the clusters, the cells showed intimate physical contacts which were performed by microvilli of varying lenth suggesting cellular cooperation. These cell clusters resemble morphologically those found in vitro and in vivo in the course of immunisation processes.

Cell Aggregation↗
PubMed1976

[Sturcture and function of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in chronic rhinosinusitis. A light and electron microscopic investigation (author's transl)].

Neither the concept of the Reticulo-Endothelial-System (RES) Aschoff's (1924) nor that of the Reticulo-Histiocyte-System (RHS) provides a satisfactory framework into which the present knowledge of the phagocytic mononuclear cells can be fitted. Current knowledge concerning morphology, histochemistry (peroxydase and esterase activity), immunology (specific surface antigens, receptors on the cell membranes), function (immune phagocytosis, pinocytosis), kinetics (3H-thymidine labelling) and culture makes it possible to place all highly phagocytic mononuclear cells and their precursors in one system, which is called the Mononuclear-Phagocytic-System (MPS) (Langevoort, Cohn, Hirsch, Humphrey, Spector, van Furth, 1969). Kinetic studies with labelled cells have shown, that mononuclear phagocytes originate from precursor cells in the bone marrow (stem cell leads to monoblasts leads to promonocytes), than are circulating in the peripheral blood as monocytes and are transformed to tissue macrophages entering tissues. The MPS comprises following cells in following organs: connective tissue (histiocytes resp. macrophages); liver (Kupffer-cells); lung (alveolar macrophages); lymph nodes (free and fixed macrophages); bone marrow (macrophages); serous cavities (pleural and peritoneal macrophages); bone tissue (osteoclasts?); nervous system (microglial cells) (SEE Table 1). The reticular cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts (fibrocytes) can therefore not be included in the MPS. Besides differences in morphology, histochemistry and function, they derive from mesenchymal cells and not from the bone marrow as the MPS. The present investigation demonstrates the structure and significance of the MPS in various kinds of chronic-specific and non-specific rhinosinusitis. On semithin sections two kinds of macrophages can be distinguished light-microscopically: 1. Larger macrophages with many phagosomes (storage cells) (Fig. 1A), which can exhibit sometimes a ring-shape on sections embracing greater parts of the interstitium (Fig. 1B). Such forms are mainly found in chronic (maxillary) sinusitis and are interpretated as "scavenger" macrophages. 2. The second type consists of smaller macrophages with extremely ruffling of the cell surface, which is interpretated as an expression of highly (specific?) stimulated states. These later macrophages can be seen mainly in edematous nasal polyps, which might be caused by allergic reactions of the anaphylactic type. The fine structure of the phagocytes is to some extent dependent on the actual development and functional state: there are "immature" macrophages, which are practically indistinguishable from blood monocytes (Fig. 2A); some of them can be stimulated and can therefore show many surface foldings and projections (Fig. 2B). The "mature" macrophage shows a well developed Golgi-area and many secondary lysosomes (Fig. 3). The storage type of the macrophages, which can predominate in some cases of chronic maxillary sinusitis, is characterized by many electron-lucent vacuoles (Fig. 4)...

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Virology of acute upper respiratory tract infections (author's transl)].

The virology of acute upper respiratory tract infections is presented in a survey. The first part includes general properties of viruses (structure, replication, maturation, classification), aetiological and immunological problems of viral infections. The different respiratory viruses and their clinical picture in particular are summarized in the second part.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[The circadian structure of the parotid gland. morphologic and morphometric investigations (author's transl)].

Male Wistar rats were standardized on a "light-dark" cycle. Daily light exposure was maintained from 07.00 to 19.00, while food and water were freely provided to each animal. During one 24-hour period, subgroups of five animals were sacrificed at four-hour intervals. The parotid glands were quickly removed from each animal, after which individual gland volume and weight were determined. Tissue samples were then fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium and embedded in epon. Other samples were fixed in Carnoy and embedded in paraffin. A stereologic model of the rat parotid gland was constructed by morphometric methods. It could be demonstrated that the volume and weight of the glandular components changed during a 24-hour period. The maximum and minimum for each component were found to vary significantly; in most instances, the maximum occured during the evening at the onset of the eating cycle, whereas the minimum occurred in the morning with the completion of eating. The most dramatic differences were seen within the glandular acinar cells (Fig. 1 and 2). During a normal 24-hour period or physiological secretory cycle, the following volume changes were found: secretory granules, 160%; nuclei, 30%; nucleoli, 80%; golgi-areas, 60%; rough endoplasmic reticulum, 10%. The present study indicates that the parotid gland has a time-dependent structure which reflects the rhythmic activity of the gland in production, storage and extrusion of secretory material.

Animals↗