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Biomedical subjects

K W Ruprecht

Publications and source records attributed to K W Ruprecht.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Amaurosis fugax].

OBJECTIVE: Presentation of the etiology, diagnosis, possible complications and treatment of amaurosis fugax. DEFINITION: amaurosis fugax is a transient monocular loss of vision, usually affecting the entire visual field. MAJOR POINTS: Amaurosis fugax is caused by transient retinal ischemia resulting from embolism, hemodynamic insufficiency or ocular vascular disease. In view of the high complication rate (annual blindness rate 1%, annual risk of an ischemic insult 2%, myocardial infarction 30%, and an 18% mortality rate), an immediate search for the underlying causes is mandatory. Diagnostic evaluation should include ophthalmological, neurological and cardiovascular investigations. Management of amaurosis fugax comprises, in the first instance, treatment of the underlying disease and administration of anti-platelet agents. In cases in which stenosis of extracranial vessels presents, endarterectomy may sometimes be considered.

Blindness↗
PubMed1991

[Postoperative infections in systemic immunocompromising diseases. A study of 6 patients].

Advances of therapeutic strategies in the management of critically ill patients have resulted in an increased life expectancy and more frequent presentations to ophthalmic surgeons. Six patients with postoperative endophthalmitis after elective intraocular surgery suffering from Sharp-syndrome, metastasizing antrum carcinoma, granulomatous vasculitis and immunosuppressive therapy, agranulocytosis, silico-tuberculosis and chronic lymphatic leukemia revealed traditionally pathogenic agents (Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, enterococci, coagulase-negative Staph). Two patients had to be enucleated, one turned blind and three had a visual acuity 5/100 to 20/60. In our hands prognosis for successful therapy in immunodeficient patients seems worse than in otherwise healthy persons. Painstaking evaluation of history, medical work-up, conjunctival swabs and application of bactericidal topical antibiotics preoperatively and perioperatively are particularly important in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Results of pseudophakic retinal detachment surgery].

Between 8/81 and 9/89 2658 patients underwent retinal detachment surgery at the university eye hospital Erlangen/Nürnberg. From this number there were 30 (= 1.1%) pseudophakic retinal detachments consisting of 14 males and 16 females. Minimal age was 48, maximal 89 years, average age was 70.9 years. There were 4479 extracapsular cataract extractions with implantation of a posterior chamber lens performed in the same interval at our eye hospital. Out of this 4479 extracapsular cataract extractions we found 9 patients (= 0.2%) with pseudophakic retinal detachment. In our investigated group we found preoperative risk factors resulting in a pseudophakic retinal detachment consisting out of myopia, latticelike degeneration of the retina and contusion bulbi. Intraoperative risk factors are the rupture of the posterior capsule and vitreous prolapse. A postoperative risk factor is YAG-laser-capsulotomy. We observed a pseudophakic retinal detachment with patients undergoing YAG-laser-capsulotomy after minimal 30, maximal 880 and 372 days in average. Out of 30 patients 17 (= 66.6%) were treated successfully with the first operation. The success rate summed up to 83.2% after one re-operation. With 17 out of 30 patients we had to apply extensive endoophthalmic vitreous and retinal surgical techniques (cerclage, pars-plana-vitrectomy, silicone oil instillation).

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Johann Gottfried Zinn--a Franconian anatomist and botanist].

Johann Gottfried Zinn (1727-1759), a franconian anatomist and botanist made important contribution to the anatomy of the eye during his short life span. In his main book "Descriptio anatomica oculi humani" he gave the first detailed and comprehensive description of the anatomy of the human eye. During his professorship at the university of Göttingen the emphasis of his scientific work was in the field of botany. His memory will be kept by the anatomical terms "zonula ciliaris Zinnii" and the circulus arteriosus sclerae = Zinn-Haller's arterial circle. As a botanist Zinn was honoured by the fact that a flower (Zinnie) was named after him.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1990

Case report: oxypertin-induced keratopathy?

A 45 year old caucasian female underwent longterm psychiatric treatment including Oxypertin. Ocular changes occurred in close time relation with the treatment of oxypertin: Corneal sicca-syndrome was found at first in both eyes, later on severe corneal scaring, vascularisation, and thinning indicated the need of further ophthalmologic treatment. Although the psychiatric treatment was stopped the ocular effects remained and keratoplasty had to be performed in the right eye. A case report is given to show the clinical and histopathologic aspect of the cornea in a patient undergoing treatment with a new designed and widely used neuroleptic drug.

Corneal Diseases↗
PubMed1978

[Niemann-Pick disease type B: An enzymatically confirmed case with unexpected retinal involvement (author's transl)].

In a 6-year-old girl with normal to outstanding intelligence Niemann-Pick disease was diagnosed by the demonstration of an about 90% deficient sphingomyelinase activity. Abnormalities of the eye fundi are described which are comparable to but quantitatively deviate from the classic cherry-red spot as known from neurolipidoses. The brownish-red foveola was surrounded by a relatively thin opaque ring around which punctate white deposits (lipids?) could be detected. The absence of any other neurologic symptom was in contrast iwth an extreme hepatosplenomegaly, foam cells in the bone marrow, lung infiltration, underweight, and undergrowth. Therefore, the case was classed with the type B of Niemann-Pick disease, although the common definition of this type excludes cerebral as well as oculoneural involvement. In the literature only one comparable case could be found which, however, had not been enzymatically confirmed. In the future the definition of type B of Niemann-Pick disease should include the possibility of oculoneural involvement.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Applanation tonometry within medical diagnostic "check-up" programs (author's transl)].

Within medical diagnostic "check-up" programs intraocular pressure measurements by applanation tonometry from 8899 patients (5924 men, 66.6%; 2975 women, 33.4%) were statistically evaluated. The frequency of each i.o. pressure show no Gaussian distribution but is skewed to the right with marked excess to higher values of i.o. pressure. Correlation of mean i.o. pressure with age shows (starting in the group of the 20-24 years old to the 75-79 years old persons) a rather linear progression of i.o. pressure. The mean value of i.o. pressure (n = 17,798 eyes) was x = 16.25 mm Hg, the standard deviation +/- 3.45, the standard deviation of the mean +/- 0.03 mm Hg. In men in 2.18% in women in 1.81% higher i.o. pressure than 21 mm Hg was found. I.o. pressure higher than 24 mm Hg have 0.66% of the men and 0.58% of the women. Patients forty years old and elder showing in 4.92% of the men and 4.88% of the women higher i.o. pressure than 21 mm Hg. In patients fifty-five years old and elder in 5.75% of the men and respectively in 6.69% of the women i.o. pressure higher than 21 mm Hg was found. Incidences of elevated i.o. pressure from patients over forty years old in ten years steps are presented. In 103 patients with unilaterally i.o. pressure higher than 24 mm Hg 12% presents manifest diabetes mellitus. The usefullness of applanation tonometry as a practicable screening method for early glaucoma detection within medical diagnostic "check-up" programs is outlined. Advantages of data-aquisition and -processing systems to continue those studies are emphasized.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1978

[Familiary arhinia combined with peters' anomaly and maxilliar deformities, a new malformation syndrome (author's transl)].

A report is given on two sisters with arhinia, hypertelorism, Peters' anomaly and deformities of the maxilla. The lacrimal sacs in both patients were extirpated because of recurrent dacryoadenitis due to bilateral aplasia of the nasolacrimal ducts. One eye showing Peters' anomaly with microphthalmus was enucleated in the elder patient 12 years ago. Differential diagnosis includes frontonasal dysplasia and the different types of holoprosencephaly-syndromes. Probably this new malformation syndrome is a recessive inherited.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

[Statistical contribution on symptomatic dry eye].

Optical mark page reader forms to establish the case history were statistically evaluated with regard to the question 'Do you often have the feeling of having sand in the eye. Out of a total of 5,833 patients, 684 (11.7%) answered this question with 'yes'. Women stated with 15.1% relatively more often than men with 9.7% this clinical symptom. Of these 684 patients who subjectively complained of feeling of sand, 241 had an ophthalmological examination. In 92 patients (38.2%) the Bengal-Rosa 1% test was specifically performed due to the specific past history and the clinical symptoms stated on questions by the physician; in all cases signs of a keratoconjunctivitis sicca of different degree were found by slit-lamp microscopy, i.e., at least 4.5% keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients on our whole collective can be expected. The result of a thorough examination in these 92 patients (39 men and 53 women) with ophthalmologically confirmed keratoconjunctivitis sicca showed that in 25 (of 53) women there was an imbalance of the sex hormones. Besides degenerative diseases due to age, diseases of the connective tissue and those caused by an auto immune mechansim were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Feeling of sand in the eyes and hormonal contraceptives (authors transl)].

By questionnaire forms the relation between the admission of taking antibaby pills and the subjective feeling of having sand in the eyes was checked. Out of 2201 patients from our group, aged between 9 and 84 years, 372 (16.9%) took hormonal contraceptives, 1812 (82.3%) denied the taking of contraceptives and 17 (0.8%) could not say. From the 372 patients who took hormonal contraceptives 37 (10%) complained of having the feeling of sand in the eyes, the other 335 (90%) denied having a feeling of sand in the eyes. The frequency of a subjective feeling of sand in the eyes was in the individual age groups independent of the subjective statement, of "take hormonal contraceptives" (chi2-test; P greater than 10%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Application of infrared radiometry on the eye (author's transl)].

The non-contact determination of temperature by infrared radiometry allows the focal measuring of the surface temperature of the radiation source. In 119 patients the surface temperature in the middle of the cornea was measured by this method. The average temperatures were 33.50 degrees C (+/-0.91) in men and 33.74 degrees C (+/-0.91) in women. Further clinical testing is suggested first in diseases of the oculo-orbital region and secondly by means of a connected recorder to study the dynamic temperature reaction under the influence of different parameters.

Adolescent↗