PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Waschke

Publications and source records attributed to K Waschke.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Small volume resuscitation with 7.5% hypertonic saline solution--treatment of haemorrhagic shock in the tropics.

Rapid intravenous injection of 4 mL/kg body weight of a 7.5% hypertonic sodium chloride solution immediately increases intravascular osmotic pressure and intravascular volume after haemorrhage. This 'small volume resuscitation' rapidly improves blood pressure and microcirculatory perfusion in patients with hypovolaemic shock after large blood losses. Pathophysiological findings as well as practical application approaches are described. Small volume resuscitation is an effective and economic method in the first-line treatment of acute haemorrhagic shock.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Differentiation of arousal in sleep before and after CPAP therapy in patients with pronounced sleep apnea syndrome].

The sleep apnea syndrome is often associated with the syndromes of daytime exhaustion and involuntary daytime sleeping fits. The cause is assumed to be fragmentary sleep resulting from night-time arousal. The central nervous activation reactions caused by apnea or hypopnea, respectively, and not the movement arousal determine the sleep structure. We have examined 10 male patients in the age range 40-55 years (48 +/- 6 SD) before and during the first 3 nights of CPAP therapy. Cardiorespiratory polysomnography was performed in all four nights. Sleep way analyzed visually and differentiation was made between respiratory (RA) and movement arousal (MA). All 10 patients had a pronounced sleep apnea syndrome. Deep and dream sleep were reduced, significantly more respiratory arousals occurred than movement arousals. The SWS latency was shortened in the first therapy night, the deep and dream sleep proportions increased and the RA decreased significantly. No further significant changes in the sleep parameters occurred during the second and third nights. We found that the number of apnea/hypopnea was not equal to the number of RA. When less arousal was recognized it was suggestive of a deficit of the diversion function while more RA was indicative of additional respiratory events, e.g. pharyngeal obstructions and hyperventilations which were not recognized as apnea or hypopnea. In addition to its role in the differential diagnosis of sleeping disorders, in particular sleep apnea, arousal differentiation is also an important criterion for estimating the efficiency of CPAP therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Obstructive snoring--diagnosis and therapy].

Obstructive snoring belongs to the sleep-related breathing disorders. The characteristics of this disorder is described, following the case report about two young snorers, complaining of excessive day-time sleepiness, involuntary falling asleep in monotoneous situations. Ambulatory monitoring using the four-channel system MESAM-IV showed a Respiratory Disturbance Index of < 5 during a predominantly continuous snoring episode without significant drops in oxygen saturation. Clinical cardio-respiratoric polysomnographic monitoring showed a normal architecture of sleep interrupted by respiratory arousals. Under nasal CPAP treatment these arousals, as well as the complained excessive daytime sleepiness disappeared. The latter fact becomes evident, when comparing the sleep latencies before therapy to those under CPAP-treatment, estimated by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Thus, this therapy proved to be very effective in patients suffering from obstructive snoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization after blood exchange with a hemoglobin-based O2 carrier in conscious rats.

The effects of a blood exchange on cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization were studied. A near to total blood exchange (hematocrit < 3%) was achieved in conscious rats by isovolemic hemodilution. Ultrapurified, polymerized, bovine hemoglobin (UPBHB) served as a blood substitute. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were measured in 34 brain structures of conscious rats by means of the ido[14C]antipyrine and the 2-[14C]-deoxy-D-glucose methods. A group of rats without blood exchange served as control. After blood exchange LCBF increased from 36 to 126% in the different brain structures resulting in a nearly doubled mean cerebral blood flow (+82%). LCGU increased only moderately by 0-24%. Significant increases in LCGU were observed in 16 brain structures. Mean cerebral glucose utilization slightly increased (+14%). The relationship between LCGU and LCBF was found to be tight both in the control group (r = 0.95) as well as after blood replacement (r = 0.94), although it was reset to a higher overall LCBF-to-LCGU ratio. The profound increases in LCBF observed after blood exchange, which were not paralleled by comparable increases in LCGU, might be explained by a reduction of blood viscosity after blood exchange. Additional effects of blood exchange observed in the present study were an increase of mean arterial blood pressure and a decline of heart rate. The results indicate that replacement of blood with the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier UPBHB appears to meet the cerebral circulatory and metabolic demands of the brain tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Therapeutic consequences of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome--results of drug, mechanical and surgical treatment].

The therapeutical strategy of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome depends on the differential diagnosis of the sleep disorder, the subjective complaints and the patients' individual cardiopulmonary risk profile. Basic requirements for a successful treatment are stepped concepts for therapy. Initial therapeutical methods are preventive measures such as adequate sleep hygiene, weight loss, and reduction of alcoholic intake. We investigated the effectiveness of following therapeutical methods: drug treatment, nasal CPAP therapy and surgical approach. We present the results of the first 151 treated patients aged between 15 and 88 years (mean: 50.8 +/- 11.5 SD). 20 patients with an apnoea index below 20 per hour were treated with theophylline. After 4 weeks with theophylline there were no significant changes in apnoea index, O2 saturation and snoring level. 24 patients themselves preferred the Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). 8 weeks after surgical approach we couldn't find significant changes in the apnoea index although 11 of these patients reported on a better sleep quality. 107 patients were treated with nasal CPAP. The effective CPAP pressures were between 6 and 14.5 mbar. Long term compliance with CPAP was studied in a survey of 70 patients who underwent a CPAP trial. After 6 months 97% were complaint, 17% of them additionally were using a humidifier. Our data show that effective therapy can be achieved with nCPAP objectively and subjectively. Other methods--theophylline and UPPP--are less successful. CPAP is likely to remain the first choice for treatment of sleep related breathing disorders and it should be applied more generously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Modified hemoglobin as a blood substitute in a rat model].

The use of modified haemoglobin solutions as blood substitutes has been investigated extensively during the past decades. Ultrapurified, polymerised bovine haemoglobin (upbHb) is a promising new substance in this respect. It was the aim of the present investigation to study the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of massive blood replacement with upbHb in a new model of conscious rats with continuous haemodynamic monitoring. METHODS. The right femoral artery and vein of 13 male Sprague-Dawley rats were catheterised during halothane-N2O-O2 anaesthesia. A thermistor catheter was placed in the descending aorta via the left femoral artery for measuring cardiac output by the thermodilution method. After recovery from anaesthesia blood replacement was achieved by arterial blood withdrawal and simultaneous venous infusion of upbHb in equal amounts. The haematocrit was lowered to < 3% and the animals were then left undisturbed in a rat restrainer while breathing room air. RESULTS. The animals showed no signs of disturbed behaviour patterns, distress, or adverse reactions. There were no significant changes in cardiac index and oxygen delivery during the investigation period of 4 h. A marked increase in mean arterial pressure (MABP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) of 30% was observed while stroke volume remained unchanged. Blood gases, acid-base status, and plasma glucose showed no major changes. Plasma oncotic pressure increased during the investigation period. CONCLUSIONS. The results indicate that there is adequate oxygenation and sufficient systemic oxygen delivery in conscious and drug-free rats after isovolaemic haemodilution with upbHb to a final haematocrit of < 3%. In contrast to previous haemodilution studies, which have tested non-oxygen-carrying solutions, no changes in cardiac index were observed. The cause of the increase in MAP and SVR remains to be established.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Intravenous application of calcitonin following unsuccessful thermocoagulation of the dorsal root entry zone].

Following a traumatic lesion of the brachial plexus, severe pain syndrome in the left shoulder and arm developed in a 42-year-old patient. The pain could not be relieved by multiple therapeutic attempts. Therefore, electrocoagulation of the substantia gelatinosa was performed on the affected side of the evulsed plexus from the dorsal aspect of the cervical spinal cord (Dorsal-Root-Entry-Zone-Lesion, DREZ-operation). After temporary relief, the initial pain syndrome returned. Intravenous salmon-calcitonin infusions administered at our pain clinic led to almost complete remission of pain. Six months later the original symptoms returned and therefore the same infusion scheme was repeated with identical results.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1987

The action of calcium antagonists in the human natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

The Ca2+-channel blocker Nifedipine and the Calmodulin inhibitor Prothazin suppressed the human NK-mediated cytolysis. Both drugs exerted the same dose-dependent effect. The inhibition was partially reversible after withdrawing of the Ca2+-antagonists. There exists evidence that neither effector-target cell binding, nor effector cell function, but the initiation of the target cell lysis was affected by these inhibitors. Hence, the Ca2+-requirement of the NK cytotoxic reaction seems to be due to an essential Ca2+-influx into the target cell.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1984

No inhibition of the lymphocyte transformation by pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (PAAG).

Fractions of retroplacental sera containing pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (PAAG) inhibited the lymphocyte transformation. The inhibitory effect did not correlate to the amount of this protein. It remained even after a specific depletion of the PAAG without altering the composition of the other proteins in the sera fractions. These results rule out a suppressive activity of the PAAG in the lymphocyte transformation.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Behaviour of ts mutants of pseudorabies virus in the range between permissive and nonpermissive temperature.

The growth properties of pseudorabies virus (PRV) strain V BUK, wild type and its four ts mutants, were examined using highly accurate temperature measurements in the incubator and on the cell sheet. The transition from permissive to nonpermissive temperature occurred within an interval of 1 degree C. The midpoint of this interval was termed the semipermissive temperature since at this temperature the reproduction and consequently the plaquing of mutant viruses was not completely restricted. The "leakiness" of ts mutants might be due to their incubation at semipermissive temperature. Under semipermissive conditions and at high virus inputs, three mutants exhibited nearly complete inhibition of plaquing. In an experimental mixture of to mutants and PRV-BUK wild type, the latter was not affected by the inhibition. This might be due to an enhanced sensitivity of the mutants, but not of the wild type, to interferon under these conditions.

Herpesvirus 1, Suid↗
PubMed1981

The dsRNA motif in interferon induction.

A dynamic recognition process is proposed for the triggers of interferon induction. It might account not only for dsRNAs but also for a more general dsRNA-type recognition motif, created by various low-- and high-molecular-weight nucleic acid effectors.

Interferon Inducers↗
PubMed1979

Interferon induction in human lymphocytes by complexes of vinyl copolymers with polynucleotides.

Analogues of the dsRNA poly(I).poly(C), namely double-stranded like complexes of poly(I) or poly(C), respectively, with corresponding vinyl nucleobases copolymerized with various vinyl compounds are highly effective interferon inducers in human lymphocyte cultures. Like poly(I).poly(C) they stimulate the liberation of an inhibitor(s) of interferon activity and, moreover, display mitogenic effect. With respect to the extent of these effects the various inducers differ considerably.

DNA↗
PubMed1976

[Stick-plaque test--an economic method of quantitative determination of viruses].

An economic method for quantitative assay of viruses is presented. In this "canule stick-plaque test" (German abbreviation SPT) samples of viruses, geometrically diluted and taken up by a canule, are inoculated by sticking into monolayer cell cultures overlayed with agar medium. A plaquelike CPE detectable by neutral red staining develops in the area of the inoculation. The frequency of this CPE formation depends on the concentration of viruses in the inoculated dilution. This dose-response allows calculation of the ID50. In this way it is possible to carry out titration involving 6 dilutions and 10 inoculations per dilution using 3 common Petri dishes (6 cm in diameter), only. The sensitivity, accuracy, and reproductibility of this method are described and discussed.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1976

[Stich-plaque test--an economic method for quantitative determination of viruses].

An economic method for quantitative assay of viruses is presented. In this "canule stick-plaque test" (German abbreviation SPT) samples of viruses, geometrically diluted and taken up by a canule, are inoculated by sticking into monolayer cell cultures overlayed with agar medium. A plaquelike CPE detectable by neutral red staining develops in the area of the inoculation. The frequency of this CPE formation depends on the concentration of viruses in the inoculated dilution. This dose-response allows calculation of the ID 50. In this way it is possible to carry out titration involving 6 dilutions and 10 inoculations per dilution using 3 common Petri dishes (6 cm in diameter), only. The sensitivity , accuracy, and reproductibility of this method are described and discussed.

Animals↗