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Biomedical subjects

K Winsel

Publications and source records attributed to K Winsel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Results of studies on dogs after unilateral allogeneic lung transplantation without immunosuppression].

The observations and the results after allogenic lung transplantation in 24 receivers were reported. The animals were not treated immuno-suppressively. They survived 6.2 days on an average and died in consequence of the rejection. The transplant is progressively threatened of bacterial infections after the beginning of the rejection even in case of an operation under sterile conditions. The investigations confirmed a narrow correlation between the leucocyte count and the course of the rejection. However, the condition of the transplant can be estimated approximately certainly by means of complex clinical methods of examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Experimental investigations in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Repeated pulmonary lavage in LEWE-mini-pigs. I. Pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, and pulmonary hemodynamics.

Disturbed water balance at the alveolo-capillary membrane resulting in decreased pulmonary compliance is one of the functional characteristics in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). In artificially ventilated LEWE Mini Pigs repeated pulmonary lavage was performed. The aim was to produce a state like ARDS by affecting the lung alveolar surfactant system which is included into the sum of factors which are responsible for the normal water balance of the alveolo-capillary membrane. This condition was supposed to be maximized if the lung compliance reached its lowest value after pulmonary lavage. Regarding this the pathophysiologic changes in this ARDS model were characterized by increased airway resistance and dead space ventilation as well as decreased arterial oxygenation. Severe ventilation perfusion abnormality was represented hemodynamically by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the decreased pulmonary non-shunt blood flow. The morphological (macroscopic, light-and electronmicroscopic) changes indicate strongly that in this type of ARDS model all functional compartments of the alveolocapillary membrane are severely affected. Decreased colloid osmotic pressure of blood plasma samples underlines the severity of changes in the water balance at the alveolo-capillary membrane in this type of lung injury.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1981

[Damage factors in tobacco and tobacco smoke].

In the last 30 years the production and consumption of cigarettes are increasing permanently. Till now more than 2200 noxious substances have been detected in the smoke of cigarettes. The origin and the synthesis of selected groups of these compounds and their distribution on main- and on sidestream smoke are described, furthermore the possibilities for estimation and control of nicotine abuse are reviewed. The incorporation of noxious substances of tobacco smoke result in a damage of clearance mechanisms of the lung and a change of loading by drugs and other metabolisable noxious substances, because the biotransformation processes are influenced by tobacco smoke. In this connection the importance of aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase is discussed.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1980

Application of bromhexine metabolite VIII (NA 872) and bromhexine-glucose in treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome; experimental and clinical results .

The authors study the changes in cardiopulmonary function after application of bromhexine metabolite VIII (NA 872) in an animal model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bromhexine glucose solution (BGS) in ARDS patients. After damage of the lung alveolar surfactant by intratracheal atomization of 0.2 M HCl in LEWE Minipigs significant changes in lung compliance, dead space ventilation, venous admixture, alveolo-arterial oxygen tension difference, pulmonary vascular resistance, and oxygen uptake are present under application of NA 872 in comparison to untreated animals. In ARDS patients treated with BGS, pulmonary function is significantly ameliorated indicated by changes in static effective compliance, oxygen exchange ratio, and alveolo-arterial oxygen tension difference.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics and haemodynamics in adult respiratory distress syndrome: experimental results in Lewe miniature pigs.

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common medical emergency in respiratory care complicating a great variety of traumas and diseases. An animal model from Lewe miniature pigs has been developed to study the ARDS under standardized conditions; it is based on aspiration pneumonitis, a disorder often observed in ARDS, injuring the lung alveolar surfactant system. The experimental study was conducted under neuroleptanalgesia. ARDS was produced by intratracheal application of hydrochloric acid (0.2 mol/l) in an amount of 1.0 ml/kg body wt. The animals were ventilated automatically by a standardized ventilatory pattern in IPP mode. In all animals the time course of oxygenation ratio (Pa,O2/F1O2), arterial CO2 tension (Pa,CO2), ratio of alveolo--arterial oxygen tension difference to inspired oxygen fraction (Aa,DO2/F1O2), oxygen exchange ratio ((AaDO2/Pa,O2), lung compliance (CL), inspiratory airway resistance (RrsI), dead space ratio VD/VT), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and systemic blood pressure were studied. Changes in quasi-static volume--pressure curves, percentage change in lung water content and gross pathological finding were used to integrate the findings into a system of pathophysiological changes in ARDS. The animal group to which hydrochloric acid was administered shows severe pulmonary distress leading to death within 3.5--7.5 h. No significant changes in the measured parameters could be observed in the control group over a 14 h period. The results suggest that aspiration pneumonitis in Lewe miniature pigs is very suitable to investigate various problems in pathogenesis of ARDS. The model provides reproducible results which correlate very well with findings in different ARDS states. The models serves both to compare clinical states and to search for newer therapeutic manoeuvres.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Ultrastructural and autoradiographical investigations of early changes in experimental lung fibrosis (author's transl)].

Electron microscopical, autoradiographical and histochemical investigations were carried out in experimental lipid pneumonia, 6 weeks after exposure to mineral oil. In the lungs developed granulomatous changes with fibroblasts, some macrophages and leucocytes. With the aid of electron microscopy an increased number of fibroblasts with predominantly extracellular localized collagen fibers were visible in the granulomatous foci. Autoradiograms with 3H-Thymidine show an six-fold increase of number of radioactive labelled nuclei of fibroblasts in the granulomatous areas. This two methods--electron microscopy and autoradiography--appear sufficient for early detection of changes in experimental lung fibrosis.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

[Changes of biochemical processes of the lungs caused by air pollutants (author's transl)].

The investigations of the last 10 years have shown that beside the respiratory function the biochemical processes of the lungs are of basic importance. The normal biochemical processes are the prerequisite to a normal respiratory function. Today the problems of air pollutants are topical. Therefore a review of the new literature about the influence of air pollutants on biochemical processes of the lungs is given. The following substances are included: gaseous air pollutants (ozone, NO2, SO2, phosgene) and aerosols as well as dust (cadmium, paraquat, carcinogens, tobacco smoke). Furthermore the biochemical changes of the lungs by high and low oxygen concentrations are described. Our knowledge concerning the simultaneous influence of several pollutants, the possibilities for an early biochemical detection of damages caused by air pollutants, and their therapeutical influence are still limited.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1978

[The lipids of the lungs in experimental aspiration pneumonitis (author's transl)].

In the lungs of LEWE-Mini-Pigs with aspiration pneumonitis, which was produced by intratracheal application of 0,2 n hydrochloric acid, the following parameters were determined post-mortally: Total phospholipid-, water- and cholesterol content and sphingomyelin-, lecithin-, phosphatidylethanolamine- and phosphatidylserine concentration. Furthermore thin-layer- and gelchromatographic investigations were performed. The water- and the cholesterol content are increased (about 4 respectively 40 percent). The total phospholipid- and the lecithin content are decreased (about 10 respectively 30 percent). The lysolecithin concentration is very low in the lungs. By therapy with bromhexine metabolite VII the water- and cholesterol content are reduced, the total phospholipid- and lecithin content are increased in comparison to the lungs without therapy. In this case the total phospholipid- and lecithin content are raised in the liver simultaneously. The biochemical changes are caused probably by a disorder of the surfactant system of the lung (disturbance of phospholipid-protein-interaction) and impairment of the alveolar epithelial cells typ II (decreased lecithin biosynthesis) in consequence of the action of the hydrochloric acid.

Ambroxol↗
PubMed1977

[Morphological studies of experimental lung transplantation. I. Light microscopic and histochemical findings in autotransplants of dog lungs].

Morphological investigations (light microscopy, semithin sections, histochemistry) on autografted lungs showed two changes with mifferent regional distributions. In the upper lobes were found focal areas of slight fibrosis, in the upper and lower lobes degenerative changes especially of the small bronchi and bronchioles with a focal loss of activity of alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and some dehydrogenase. Possible reasons for these morphological changes are discussed in connection with functional and biochemical results.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

[The different inactivation of isoniazid in intermittent chemotherapy (author's transl)].

A ratio-test (Isoniazid: acetyl-isoniazid) is used for phenotyping the Isoniazid-inactivation. The border-line between both the phenotypes is determinated. The influence of age and weight of the patients is studied. Usefully results are obtained after application per os of an uniform dosage and a sampling period for urine of 4 hours. Increasing the dosage to 900 mg the portion of isoniazid arises mmore than proportionally, more distinct in rapid than in slow inactivators. Therefore the differences between the two phentoypes are diminished. The clinical importance of these results is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Functional analysis in experimental respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)].

After injection of an anti-lung -serum a respiratory distress syndrome could be produced in spontaneously-breathing guinea pigs. Reduced compliance, increased resistance and work of breathing was found. Morphological investigations showed intraalveolar and interstitial bleedings and a lung edema. Biochemically a decreased total phospholipid content could be found. Surface tension characteristics, examined with the Langmuir balance, were deteriorated. A complete restitution of surface tension parameters and total phospholipid content was obtained by administration of bromhexin metabolit Na 872.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Quantitative determination of alpha1-antitrypsin in lung tissue from adults with emphysema and newborns with respiratory-distress-syndrome (author's transl)].

In a small number of patients, lung emphysema can be attributed to a remarkable deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin. Concentrations reduced about 50% of the normal value represent a predisposing factor. In most cases of newborns with respiratory-distress-syndrome the concentration of alpha1-antitrypsin is decreased. Its determination can be used for the early diagnosis of the respiratory-distress-syndrome.

Adult↗