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Biomedical subjects

K Y Hsu

Publications and source records attributed to K Y Hsu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Coracoid process fracture combined with acromioclavicular dislocation and coracoclavicular ligament rupture. A case report and review of the literature.

A coracoid process fracture associated with acromioclavicular joint dislocation and with rupturing of the coracoclavicular ligaments of an adult has been reported only once in the literature. This report adds another unusual case to the literature to reemphasize the importance of recognizing this unusual lesion. Two separate mechanisms--direct trauma to the shoulder girdle and sudden pull on the coracoid process by the conjoined tendons of short head biceps and coracobrachialis muscles--appear to be responsible for this unusual triple lesion. Open reduction with coracoid screw and acromioclavicular fixation, combined with an All-dredge repair to replace the ruptured coracoclavicular ligaments, resulted in an excellent outcome.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1994

Traumatic patellar tendon ruptures: a follow-up study of primary repair and a neutralization wire.

Thirty-five patients with traumatic patellar tendon ruptures treated with primary repair and with a neutralization wire were retrospectively reviewed. All the ruptures occurred in acute trauma; 12 of the patients (34%) had multiple injuries, and 19 had open wounds around the knee joints. The diagnostic clues included a high-riding patella by palpation or seen on roentgenograms, hemarthrosis, a palpable gap over the tendon, and inability of patients to extend the knee actively. Using the criteria of Siwek and Rao, at follow-up 57% of outcomes were rated as excellent; 28.6% as good; and 14.2% as unsatisfactory. None of the 35 patients had a rerupture of the tendon. We conclude that primary repair with a neutralization wire can be a treatment of choice for traumatic patellar tendon ruptures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Traumatic patellar tendon ruptures--a follow-up study of primary repair and neutralization wire.

Thirty-five patients with traumatic patellar tendon ruptures treated with primary repair and neutralization wire were retrospectively reviewed. The length of follow up ranged from 1.5 years to 5 years with an average follow up period of 20 months. All the ruptures occurred due to acute trauma, twelve of them (34%) involved in a multiple injuries, and nineteen had an open wounds around the knee joints. The diagnostic clues included a high riding patella by palpation or by X-ray, hemoarthrosis, a palpable gap over the tendon; and being unable to extend the knee actively. Using the criteria of Siwek and Rao, at follow up 57% were rated as excellent, 28.6% good; and 14.2% unsatisfactory. None of the 35 patients had a rerupture of tendon. It is recommended that primary repair with a neutralization wire can be a treatment of choice for traumatic patellar tendon ruptures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Simultaneous dislocation of the five carpometacarpal joints with concomitant fractures of the tuberosity of the trapezium and the hook of the hamate: case report.

Multiple carpometacarpal dislocations, with fractures of the trapezium and hook of the hamate carpals are rare. We report an exceedingly rare constellation of these injuries. The routine use of a carpal tunnel view is advised to identify the associated avulsion fractures with multiple carpometacarpal dislocations. We found little on this subject in existing papers. It is important because painful nonunion of avulsion fractures and compressive ulnar or median neuropathy may be ignored and thus not receive suitable treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Generation of neutrophil-chemoattractant by degradation of tumor cell membrane protein.

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltrating into tumors are assumed to be the result of a migration in response to a tumor-derived chemotactic factor. It is hypothesized that tumor-derived chemotactic factors, which are supposed to be in aggregates, can be exposed by proteolytic degradation of the tumor cell membrane protein (TCM). The TCM suspension made from either Sarcoma 180 or Ehrlich ascites tumor after incubation with Varidase at 37 degrees C for six to eight weeks is referred to as a degraded TCM protein (DTCM). The purpose of this study was to detect whether or not the DTCM was chemotactic for PMNs. Chemotactic activity was assayed by a sponge-matrix model and expressed in the number of PMNs infiltrating into the sponge per mouse after intrasponge injection of the DTCM, dose range, 0.4-0.005 mL. Maximal response to DTCM was restricted to the limited dose between 0.01 and 0.02 mL. Quantities of DTCM > 0.02 mL caused a response in roughly reciprocal proportion to the dose of DTCM. Changes in the circulating leukocyte count in response to an intravenous (i.v.) injection of DTCM was biphasic. The initial relative leukopenia was followed by leukocytosis within 24 hours in rats surviving the effect of DTCM doses < 0.5 mL. However, in rats with i.v. injections of higher doses, profound leukopenia was present at death. The mice, after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DTCM, dose range, 0.5-1.0 mL, died between 16 and 24 hours after the injection. The bone marrow of these mice showed complete depletion of PMNs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Brachial plexus injury with erect dislocation of the shoulder.

Luxatio erecta, or inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, is an extremely uncommon variety of shoulder dislocation. Several types of neurovascular injuries may be associated with luxatio erecta. Concomitant fracture of the coracoid, clavicle, acromion, greater tuberosity, and humeral head may also be noted. A case of luxatio erecta associated with a fracture of the greater tuberosity and transient mixed brachial plexus injuries is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lower extremity compartmental syndrome following snake-bite envenomation--one case report.

Acute compartmental syndrome develops when the intracompartmental pressure rises rapidly, even if only for a short duration. Loss of function and/or viability of the intracompartmental muscles may occur within a short period. Consequently early recognition and management are essential. We report a case where a young child with severe snake bite envenomation who and acute compartmental syndrome who had complete functional recovery following emergent fasciotomy and delayed primary closure.

Compartment Syndromes↗
PubMed1989

Determination of isoniazid methanesulphonate and its metabolites in rabbit blood by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for simultaneous determination of isoniazid methanesulphonate (IHMS) and its metabolites, such as isoniazid (INH) and acetylisoniazid (AcINH) in rabbit blood. According to stability studies, IHMS was most stable at pH 3-5. After acidifying the blood to pH 5.0, a suitable amount of acetonitrile was added to the supernatant for extraction and niacinamide served as an internal standard. After evaporation, the residue was reconstituted with phosphate buffer and aliquots of this solution were separated on a reversed-phase phenyl column by a mobile phase consisting of 0.25 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate as a paired-ion reagent. UV detection was performed at 280 nm. Under these conditions, the between-run coefficients of variation of IHMS, INH and AcINH from 1 to 25 microns/ml were 4.7 +/- 2.5, 5.4 +/- 1.0 and 5.1 +/- 3.1%, respectively. Hence this sensitive, reproducible and accurate method was suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of IHMS.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Painful lumbar end-plate disruptions: a significant discographic finding.

Of the 692 discs injected during lumbar discograms, end-plate disruptions with leakage of contrast material into the vertebral bodies were noted in 14 discs. Although gentle pressure was applied during the injections, severe fully concordant pain was reproduced in four (28.3%) discs, moderately severe and fully concordant pain in nine (64.3%) discs, and mild discordant pain in one (7.4%) disc. This is compared to 11.2% of the remaining 678 discs without end-plate disruption that reproduced severe concordant pain, 31.1% with moderately severe concordant pain, 17.1% with mild pain, and 40.6% without any pain reproduction. The difference between pain frequency in discs with end-plate disruption and those without is statistically significant (P less than .001). This suggests that end-plate disruptions may be related to painful segments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of rifampicin and phenobarbital on the fate of isoniazid and hydrazine in vivo in rats.

After the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of isoniazid (INH) to male Wistar rats, the liver and plasma levels of hydrazine (Hz) and acetylhydrazine (AcHz), which are hazardous metabolites of INH and well known as mutagens, carcinogens and hepatotoxins, were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The levels of Hz in rifampicin (RMP)- or phenobarbital (PB)-pretreated groups were lower than those in the control group, while the amount of AcHz was scarcely altered. In each of the pretreated groups a pronounced increase in the oxidative elimination rate of Hz was observed. These results are of important toxicological significance in INH therapy with RMP, since an active intermediate of Hz seems to be a hepatotoxin.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic hydrolysis of isoniazid by subcellular fractions of rat liver.

The characteristics of isoniazid amidase which hydrolyzes isoniazid to isonicotinic acid and hydrazine was examined in vitro using rat liver subcellular fractions. The activity of isoniazid amidase was estimated from the amount of hydrazine produced from a substrate, isoniazid, by means of GC-MS. High activity of the amidase was observed in the microsomal and lysosomal fractions, and at pH 7.4-7.8 in the microsomal fraction. The amidase was not inhibited by acetanilide, but by procaine and bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate. As expected, acetylisoniazid, a main metabolite of isoniazid, also inhibited the amidase. Not only the microsomal monooxygenase but also amidase was strongly induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and rifampicin, respectively.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1983

Is isoniazid-hepatotoxicity induced by the metabolite, hydrazine?

The effects of rifampicin (RMP) on isoniazid (INH) metabolism in rabbits were examined from the viewpoint of extensive hepatitis. After the RMP pretreatment, no remarkable changes were observed in the plasma levels of INH as well as its metabolites, acetylisoniazid (AcINH), acetylhydrazine (AcHz) and diacetylhydrazine (DAcHz) with the exception of hydrazine (Hz). After an oral administration of INH or Hz hydrate, the stochastic examination showed that the AUC0-8hr values of Hz plasma levels in RMP pretreated groups were significantly less than those in the control rabbits. RMP treatment was also shown to induce rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 activity. Histological studies demonstrated that Hz causes more remarkable hepatic necrosis in rabbits pretreated with RMP than in the control rabbits. These observations could suggest that Hz is a key intermediate of INH-hepatitis through the transformation of some hepatotoxic species by microsomal oxidation that is facilitated by RMP.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Studies of isoniazid metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes by mass fragmentography.

Isoniazid metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied by mass fragmentography using single ion monitoring. Isoniazid and its metabolites were determined as the trimethylsilylated derivatives of acetylisoniazid and diacetylhydrazine and of the benzaldehyde hydrazones of isoniazid and acetylhydrazine. Deuterated analogues served as internal standards. Hydrazine was quantitated as benzalazine using 15N-labeled hydrazine as an internal standard. The method is well suited for the microanalysis of isoniazid metabolism, from which it was clarified that the greater part of hydrazine, a hazardous metabolite of isoniazid, was formed through the direct hydrolysis of isoniazid itself as expected.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

Metabolism of isoniazid and free hydrazine formation in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Isoniazid (INH) was incubated with isolated rat hepatocytes, and the amounts of acetyl-INH, monoacetylhydrazine, diacetylhydrazine and hydrazine formed were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequent analyses of kinetic parameters of metabolic pathways and enzymological study of rat liver homogenate revealed that hydrazine was formed preferentially from INH, catalyzed by soluble hydrolytic enzymes.

Animals↗