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Biomedical subjects

K Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Yamaguchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The development of hypercalcemia in a patient with an ovarian tumor producing parathyroid hormone-related protein.

Hypercalcemia developed in a 34-year-old woman with a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Osseous involvement with the tumor cells was not present. Primary hyperparathyroidism was absent. Operative partial resection of the metastatic supraclavicular lymph node, followed by radiation therapy, decreased her serum calcium concentrations. This case belongs to the category of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). Detection of a significant quantity of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) in the metastatic lymph node suggested that the HHM of the patient was induced by PTH-rP produced by the tumor. From a review of 17 cases of ovarian tumors showing HHM-like morbidity, it was found that clear cell carcinoma and cystadenocarcinoma were the major types of ovarian tumors associated with HHM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

A retrospective survey of delayed adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media.

A comparative survey of delayed adverse reactions (DARs) to ionic and nonionic contrast media (CM) was carried out. In Japan high osmolar CM have mostly been replaced by new low osmolar CM. Therefore, a retrospective survey was performed limited to inpatients who had received an enhanced CT examination in our hospital. The material consists of 715 consecutive cases given ionic CM (iothalamate and diatrizoate) and 902 given nonionic CM (iopamidol and iohexol). DARs were picked up based on descriptions in the medical record up to 5 days after the examination. Most DARs had occurred within two days after the examination. Overall DARs were noted in 36 cases (5.0%) of the ionic group, and 44 cases (4.9%) of the nonionic group. Skin rash as well as other symptoms revealed no significant difference in incidence between the ionic and the nonionic group. There were no significant associations with immediate reactions, allergy, previous adverse reactions to CM. One patient given an ionic CM developed hypotension (60 mmHg) after return to the ward. It should be emphasized that a delayed shock had been recorded.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Substrate specificity and distribution of UDP-GalNAc:sialylparagloboside N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in the human stomach.

The detailed substrate specificity of the UDP-GalNAc:sialylparagloboside N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase to form the Sd(a+) blood group active carbohydrate determinant GalNAc beta 1-4(NeuAc alpha 2-3)Gal was studied using a membrane fraction prepared from human gastric fundic mucosa. Various sialosylated oligosaccharides and gangliosides were examined as acceptor substrates. Oligosaccharide substrates were fluorescence-labelled with 2-aminopyridine, and the transferase activity was quantified by h.p.l.c. using a reversed-phase column. The structures of the products were determined by glycosidase degradation and proton n.m.r. 3'-Sialyl-lactose (II3NeuAcLac), 3'-sialyl-lactotetraose (IV3NeuAcLc4), and 3'-sialyl-lactoneotetraose (IV3NeuAcnLc4) were good substrates for the beta 1-4GalNAc transferase in gastric fundic mucosa, but 6'-sialyl-lactoneotetraose (IV6NeuAcnLc4) or 6'-sialyl-lactose (II6NeuAcLac) were not. Gangliosides with a terminal NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal residue such as GM3, sialylparagloboside, GM1b and GD1a were also studied. The activity of beta 1-4GalNAc transfer to sialylparagloboside was much higher than that to GM2, GM1b or GD1a in spite of them having the same terminal residue. Measurement of the activity of the beta 1-4GalNAc transferase in biopsy specimens demonstrated that the activity was localized in gastric fundic mucosa and was absent in pyloric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer tissue. Thus the beta 1-4GalNAc transferase present specifically in fundic mucosa required a NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal residue connected to either type-1-chain or type-2-chain oligosaccharides. In glycolipids, the acceptor specificity was restricted to NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc because the NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAc structure in ganglio-series glycolipids was not a good acceptor substrate.

Aminopyridines↗
PubMed1992

Prothrombin Himi: a compound heterozygote for two dysfunctional prothrombin molecules (Met-337-->Thr and Arg-388-->His).

A congenitally dysfunctional form of prothrombin, Prothrombin Himi, shows reduced fibrinogen clotting activity, although it retains full hydrolytic activity toward synthetic substrates. To elucidate the structural abnormality of the variant prothrombin, we first performed genetic analysis of dysprothrombin. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the exons 8 through 14 of the proband and her family members' prothrombin genes, which code the thrombin moiety, followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, identified two variant conformers in exon 10 specific to this family. One variant allele detected in the father was inherited by the proband and one of her sisters, and the other detected in the mother was also inherited by them. This result indicates that the proband has two different base pair changes in the gene. Sequencing showed two novel point mutations in the proband's gene. One is a T to C transition at position 8751, resulting in the substitution of threonine for methionine at codon 337 (Thrombin Himi I). The other is a G to A transition at 8904, resulting in the substitution of histidine for arginine at codon 388 (Thrombin Himi II). By sequencing analysis of her parents, it was determined that Thrombin Himi I was inherited from the father and Thrombin Himi II from the mother. These results confirm that Prothrombin Himi is compound heterozygous for two dysfunctional prothrombin molecules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Hemodynamics in the territory of balloon occluded internal iliac artery--problems of balloon occluded arterial infusion therapy for urinary bladder cancer].

Balloon occluded arterial infusion therapy (BOAI) with anticancer drugs has been performed widely for urinary bladder cancer. It is expected that a dense anticancer drug would perfuse the territory of the vesical arteries under occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries. In balloon occluded internal iliac arteriography, however, contrast media are gradually washed out in spite of complete occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries. This washout process takes place via collateral flow to the acute occlusion and varies according to the position of occlusion and arterial variations in branching. We wondered whether anticancer drug administered by BOAI would perfuse the territory of the vesical arteries as expected. We analyzed the washout process of balloon occluded internal iliac arteriography in 41 patients with urinary bladder cancer in whom preoperative BOAI had been performed. We estimated the hemodynamics and perfusion of the anticancer drug to the urinary bladder on the basis of analysis of balloon occluded internal iliac arteriography in each case. Perfusion scintigraphy and histological examination of surgical specimens of urinary bladder cancer (21 cases) confirmed the validity of our estimates. In some cases it was presumed that the anticancer drug did not reach the territory of the vesical arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Uveitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.

Seroepidemiologic, clinical, and virologic studies were performed to determine whether human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I was closely associated with uveitis in two hospitals. One hospital was in an endemic area of the virus (Miyakonojo, Miyazaki) and the other hospital was in a less endemic area (Kurume). In the endemic area, the seroprevalence of the virus in patients with uveitis without defined causes (35.4%, 62 of 175 patients) was significantly higher than that in patients with nonuveitic ocular diseases (16.1%, 42 of 261 patients), or in patients with uveitis with defined causes (10.3%, eight of 78 patients). The seroprevalence in younger patients (20 to 49 years of age) with uveitis without defined causes in the area was 44.8% (30 of 67 patients), whereas it was only 9.3% (ten of 107 patients) in the other two groups. A similar observation was recorded even in the less endemic area (Kurume). Because the seroprevalence of the virus in the general population is known to be low in younger patients and to increase with age, these findings were interpreted to indicate that the association of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I with uveitis was significant. Most patients, particularly those aged 20 through 49 years, had an intermediate uveitis characterized by a moderate inflammation in the vitreous body accompanied by an iritis and retinal vasculitis. The ocular symptoms in the patients differed from those of other types of uveitis common in Japan (Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease, and toxoplasmosis, for example).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Stimulation of anchorage-independent cell growth by endothelin in NRK 49F cells.

Endothelin (ET) is a vasoconstrictor peptide originally isolated from vascular endothelial cells. Recent studies have revealed that ET has many biological functions including growth factor-like activity. The present study aims to clarify whether ET-1 possesses the ability to stimulate anchorage-independent cellular growth, an indicator of factors with transforming activity. We found that NRK 49F cells possess a large number of high-affinity ET-1 receptors; labeled 125I-ET-1 binding was displaced by unlabeled ET-2 in a similar dose response, but in the case of ET-3, 100-fold more was required. Specific 125I-ET-3 binding was undetectable in NRK 49F cells, indicating that ET receptors in NRK 49F cells are ET-1/ET-2 selective. NRK 49F is a cell line which is most commonly used to assay for anchorage-independent cellular growth. Therefore, we explored whether ETs promote anchorage-independent cellular growth in this cell line. ET-1 and ET-2 stimulated NRK colony formation dose dependently in the presence of 1 nM epidermal growth factor (EGF). In contrast, ET-3 did not have colony-stimulating ability. In the presence of EGF, the maximal effect of ET-1 was approximately 90% of that of transforming growth factor-beta. Moreover, in the presence of maximal stimulating concentrations of EGF and transforming growth factor-beta, ET-1 additionally induced colony formation. These results indicate that ET-1 and -2 possess transforming growth factor-like activity for NRK 49F cells. Since ET-1 and -2 increased intracellular calcium levels, this ion may participate in signal transduction pathways by which ET-1 and -2 promote colony formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Accelerated declining tendency of human T-cell leukemia virus type I carrier rates among younger blood donors in Kumamoto, Japan.

The annual age- and sex-specific human T-cell leukemia virus type I carrier rate of blood donors in Kumamoto, Kyushu, Japan from 1986 to 1990 revealed that the carrier rates of all the age groups below 50 years declined linearly in both sexes (P less than 0.005). Furthermore, the annual declining rates relative to the carrier rates of 16-19-year-old and 20-29-year-old males were higher than those of all of the older males (P less than 0.02), and all female age groups below 50 years had higher relative declining rates than 50-64-year-old females (P less than 0.05). Although several factors, such as a notification program at obstetric clinics, methodological and technical improvement of the assays, wider knowledge of human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection in the latter years, and immigration of individuals from a nonendemic area, might cause an absolute decline of the carrier rate of the blood donors, these factors could not explain the acceleration of the relative declining rate among younger donors. Therefore, this acceleration represents the tendency of the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The complete amino acid sequence of growth hormone from sturgeon (Acipencer guldenstadti).

The complete amino acid sequence of growth hormone (GH) from a chondrostean species, the sturgeon (Acipencer gludenstaditi), has been determined. Two variants of GH, termed GH I and GH II, were isolated from the pituitary by alkaline extraction, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rpHPLC) on a TSK gel ODS-120T column. The purified proteins were confirmed to be GHs by immunoblotting using bovine and chum salmon GH antisera. For determining of the primary structures, these GHs were digested with lysyl endopeptidase and cleaved with cyanogen bromide. The resulting fragments were separated by rpHPLC and subjected to sequence analysis on an automated gas-phase sequencer employing an Edman method. Both GHs consist of 190 amino acid residues, and contain two disulfide linkages at positions 52-163 and 180-188. The GHs differ from each other at only three positions. Sequence comparison with GHs from other vertebrates revealed that sturgeon GHs have greater sequence homology with tetrapod GHs (63-76%) than with teleost GHs (42-63%).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and characterization of delta-subspecies of protein kinase C from rat brain.

The delta-subspecies of protein kinase C (delta PKC) was purified to near homogeneity from the Triton X-100 extract of the rat brain particulate fraction by successive chromatographies on S-Sepharose fast flow, phenyl 5PW, heparin 5PW, hydroxyapatite, and Mono Q columns. The purified enzyme was a doublet with molecular masses of 78 and 76 kDa on SDS/PAGE. The doublet proteins were separated partially by Mono Q column chromatography; both were recognized by the antibodies raised against synthetic oligopeptides, parts of the deduced amino acid sequence of the rat delta PKC. Protein phosphatase 2A treatment suggested that the 78-kDa protein was a phosphorylated form of the 76-kDa protein. To confirm the structural and genetic identity of the doublet proteins, delta PKC was expressed in COS 7 cells by transfecting its cDNA-constructed plasmid and was purified for comparison. This recombinant enzyme was also a doublet. The enzymes isolated from the brain and COS 7 cells showed identical reactivities with delta PKC-specific antibodies, chromatographic behaviors, and V8 protease peptide mappings. In addition, these two enzyme preparations were indistinguishable from each other in their responses to phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol, phorbol esters, free fatty acids, Ca2+, and enzyme inhibitors. Comparison was also made between the enzymologic properties of delta PKC and alpha PKC, which were distinctly different from each other.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Non-tumor enhancement at the surgical margin on CT after the removal of brain tumors].

Marginal enhancement is occasionally seen at the surgical margin on CT after the total removal of brain tumors. This enhancement disappears in due time, and therefore we call it non-tumor enhancement. It is often difficult, however, to differentiate non-tumor enhancement from tumor recurrence. In this study, we attempted to determine the characteristics of non-tumor enhancement. The subjects of the study consisted of 15 patients with astrocytoma and one with metastatic tumor in whom sequential CT scans had been performed after total removal of the tumor. Based on the observation of these sequential CT scans, the characteristics of non-tumor enhancement were presumed to be as follows: 1) In four cases, enhancement at the surgical margin persisted more than four months after surgery and then disappeared. Therefore, these cases were considered non-tumor enhancement. Prolonged duration of enhancement such as that in these cases is not necessarily due to recurrence. 2) Marginal enhancement within 3 mm in thickness and with a well-demarcated border like that of a falx is likely to be non-tumor enhancement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Structure of the Bombyx mori fibroin light-chain-encoding gene: upstream sequence elements common to the light and heavy chain.

Two overlapping genomic clones containing the fibroin light-chain (Fib-L)-encoding gene (Fib-L) were obtained from the cosmid library of the silkworm, Bombyx mori J-139, by hybridization with the Fib-L cDNA clone. Sequencing of the 14.6-kb region revealed that Fib-L was 13,472 bp long containing seven exons, and that the gene contained a large first intron which occupied about 60% of the gene. Comparison of restriction patterns of the J-139 Fib-L with those of eight other B. mori breeds producing normal-level fibroin demonstrated that considerable restriction-fragment length polymorphisms were present in regions containing the first intron and the 3'-flanking sequence. However, sizes of the Fib-L mRNA and the Fib-L polypeptide were very similar among the nine breeds tested, suggesting that the exon sequences and the splice signals were all well conserved. 5'-Flanking regions of Fib-L and the fibroin heavy-chain (Fib-H)-encoding gene (Fib-H) compared in this study contained three 18-30-bp sequences of high similarity and many 8-10-bp common elements, six of which coincided with the binding sites of homeodomain proteins. Gel retardation assays with the nuclear extracts of the posterior and middle silk glands suggested that protein factors present in the posterior silk-gland nuclei could bind to a set of those common upstream elements.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Effects of ticlopidine on monoclonal anti-CD9 antibody-induced platelet aggregation and microparticle generation.

We analyzed the effects of ticlopidine on platelet aggregation and on microparticle (MP) formation when platelets were exposed to a monoclonal anti-CD9 antibody (NNKY1-19) in vitro. Even when NNKY1-19-induced platelet aggregation was completely inhibited by preincubation with anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody or Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, or by using washed platelets from a Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patient, the formation of MP was still observed. Prostaglandin E1 and protein kinase C antagonists (H-7 and staurosporine) inhibited both NNKY1-19-induced aggregation and MP formation. Ticlopidine or aspirin plus apyrase scarcely affected NNKY1-19-induced platelet aggregation, except to prolong the lag time. However, ticlopidine significantly inhibited MP formation (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that ticlopidine inhibits NNKY1-19-induced MP formation by a different mechanism to that of the other antagonists, and that this mechanism is unrelated to the inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Differences between platelet and microparticle glycoprotein IIb/IIIa.

Glycoprotein (GP) IIb and IIIa are major constituents of the platelet membrane which are involved in forming the fibrinogen receptor on activated platelets. We used flow cytometry to study the effects of ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the membrane GPIIb/IIIa complexes of platelets and microparticles, and to study the effects of cations on dissociated GP complexes. Microparticles were detected by both the volume signal and by fluorescence using an FITC-conjugated anti-GPIb antibody (NNKY5-5). When platelets were stimulated with ADP, calcium ionophore A23187, or thrombin, fibrinogen binding to the platelet surface increased markedly. However, fibrinogen binding to microparticles showed little increase in response to such agonists. Microparticle GPIIb/IIIa complexes were dissociated by incubation with EDTA at 37 degrees C but did not reassociate after treatment with divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+) in contrast to platelet GPIIb/IIIa complexes. These results suggest that some interaction of GPIIb/IIIa and linked structures like the platelet cytoskeleton may be involved in the reassociation of dissociated GPIIb and GPIIIa, perhaps explaining the failure of reassociation of microparticle GPIIb/IIIa (i.e., the fibrinogen binding to microparticles).

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Non-icteric pancreas head carcinoma fares worse than icteric pancreas head carcinoma.

A total of 22 patients with non-icteric pancreas head carcinoma were retrospectively compared with 61 patients with icteric pancreas head carcinoma. No significant difference was found regarding age, sex, greatest diameter, macroscopic type, microscopic type, stage, lymphatic permeation, perineural infiltration, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, and the presence of cancer cells at the surgical margins. The main location of pancreas head carcinoma could be divided into two sites: the superior (pericholedochal), and inferior or distal (excholedochal) areas of the pancreas head. Sixteen (73%) of the 22 non-icteric pancreas head carcinomas were located in the inferior or distal area (excholedochal), while 28 (46%) of the 61 icteric pancreas head carcinomas were situated in the superior portion (pericholedochal) (P less than 0.05). One (5%) of the 22 non-icteric pancreas head carcinomas was small pancreas carcinoma, compared with 11 (18%) of the 61 icteric pancreas head carcinomas. The cumulative 2-year and 4-year survival rates of the 22 patients with non-icteric pancreas head carcinoma were significantly worse than those of the 61 patients with icteric pancreas head carcinoma [7.9% vs. 24.6% (P less than 0.05) and 0% vs. 13.4% (P less than 0.01)]. These findings suggest that non-icteric pancreas head carcinomas normally arise in an area far from the biliary tree, and include a greater number of large tumors. Any resulting difficulty and delay in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease will usually lead to a worsening of the clinical course of non-icteric pancreas head carcinoma.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Long- and short-term survivors after pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary carcinoma.

Out of 36 consecutive patients who underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, eight patients (long-term survivors) survived more than 5 years after surgery, while eight other patients (short-term survivors) survived less than 12 months after intervention. Both the eight long-term survivors and eight short-term survivors were compared clinicopathologically. The long-term survivors did have some preferable factors such as a high value of peripheral lymphocytes, a low concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen, a small protruding tumor, a shallow depth of invasion, a well-differentiated histopathologic type, an infrequent venous invasion, and no perineural infiltration. However, these differences were not significant. A multivariate regression analysis regarding the 18 prognostic variables showed that both perineural invasion and the grade of histopathologic differentiation were significant parameters. Out of the eight long-term survivors, three patients lived more than 10 years while another died from ampullary carcinoma 74 months after surgery. Pancreatoduodenectomy not only produces long-term survivors but can also effect a complete cure in patients with ampullary carcinoma. A long clinical follow-up of more than 5 years after surgical intervention is thus warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗