Giant prostatic hyperplasia: case report.
The giant hyperplasia of the prostate is extremely rare pathology of prostate gland. Here, we report the successful removal of the 9th heaviest prostate ever reported in the literature.
Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
K Yilmaz
Publications and source records attributed to K Yilmaz.
Cardioprotection with resveratrol pretreatment: improved beneficial effects over standard treatment in rat hearts after global ischemia.
OBJECTIVE: The major objective of the present study is to evaluate the potential role of resveratrol (RVT), a natural antioxidant found in grapes and red wine, in protecting the myocardium from the deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury using isolated rat hearts. METHODS: Langendorff perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to 60 min of global ischemia following 60 min of reperfusion. RVT was given according to chronic pretreatment and/or acute treatment protocols. Animals received RVT at the dose of 20 mg/kg via an intragastric tube for 14 days before the experiment and/or at the infusion concentration of 10 microM for 30 min before the onset of ischemia. The myocardial postischemic recovery was compared using hemodynamic data (peak systolic pressure, end diastolic pressure, and +dP/dtmax), coronary flow, biochemical parameters (LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, myoglobin) from coronary effluent, and oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, carbonyl) from heart tissue homogenates in each group. RESULTS: RVT pretreatment and treatment protocols have provided increased preservation in myocardial recovery following global ischemia compared to a non-treated group. Furthermore, the ischemic damage of myocardium was significantly lower in chronic pretreated rats than in the acutely treated group. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in cardioprotective effects of RVT between the only pretreated group, and both the pretreated and treated group throughout reperfusion. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate that RVT has potent cardioprotective properties against I/R injury in rat hearts. The study also highlighted that the administration of RVT, as pretreatment, has amplified the beneficial effects over the standard treatment.
Analysis of Variance↗
Adrenomedullin and nitrite levels in children with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of chronic congestive cardiac failure in children. In patients with idiopathic DCM, endothelium vasomotor function is disturbed. There are many studies on the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and adrenomedullin (AM) in adult patients with DCM. However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the level of AM and NO in children with idiopathic DCM. We determined plasma and urinary AM and total nitrite concentrations in children with idiopathic DCM and investigated the correlation between these and other clinical and laboratory findings. Eleven patients with DCM, ranging in age from 5 month to 14 years, were compared to 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma (pmol/ml) and urinary (pmol/mg creatinine) AM levels were significantly lower than in the healthy controls (19.55 +/- 2.36 vs 51.61 +/- 7.22 and 28.29 +/- 20.66 vs 68.87 +/- 40.23, respectively; p <0.001). Plasma and urinary AM levels were negatively correlated with ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS). The plasma (Mmol/L) and urinary nitrite levels (Mmol/mg creatinine) were not different between patients and controls [50.90 +/- 17.50 VS 53.40 +/- 26.05 (P > 0.05) and 1.98 +/- 1.24 vs 2.75 +/- 1.68 (p > 0.05), respectively]. In our study, the first to analyze AM and nitrite levels in children with DCM, plasma and urinary AM levels were found to be decreased. A possible explanation for this reduction could be depletion of the viable myocyte population. However, this hypothesis must be clarified by further studies.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of laboratory tests in dehydrated children with acute gastroenteritis.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the utility of laboratory tests in predicting dehydration severity. METHODOLOGY: We evaluated retrospectively 168 dehydrated children aged 1-21 months with acute gastroenteritis. The degree of dehydration in each patient was calculated as the percentage change in weight from admission to after rehydration. The associations between degree of dehydration, urea, bicarbonate and serum sodium were examined. RESULTS: Dehydration severity was significantly related to concentrations of urea (P < 0.00001) and bicarbonate (P = 0.01), but not to serum sodium or age. Children were divided into three groups on the basis of blood urea: (i) normal (< 6.7 mmol/L or < 40 mg/dL); (ii) intermediate (6.8-16.6 mmol/L); and (iii) high (>or=16.7 mmol/L or >or=100 mg/dL). Groups 1 and 3 had statistically significant associations with the degree of dehydration and combining the urea groups with plasma bicarbonate levels enhanced the accuracy of predictions. Group 1 had only mild to moderate dehydration, but if bicarbonate was 15 mmol/L or higher, there was a positive predictive value (PPV) of 93% for mild dehydration. Group 3 had moderate to severe dehydration, but if bicarbonate was 15 mmol/L or higher, moderate dehydration could be predicted (PPV 100%). Sixty per cent of mildly dehydrated children (32/53) had low bicarbonate, but only 7% (2/29) with bicarbonate 15 mmol/L or higher had severe dehydration. Serum sodium did not have any significant association with the degree of dehydration, or the levels of bicarbonate or urea. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that serum urea and bicarbonate concentrations can be helpful in the estimation of fluid deficit independently from serum sodium concentration, and may be considered to be adjuncts to clinical evaluation in assessing the degree of dehydration.
Acute Disease↗
Effect of experimental therapeutic ultrasound on the distal antebrachial growth plates in one-month-old rabbits.
The effect of therapeutic ultrasound (US) on the growth plates of growing bone was determined through fluorescence labelling and histopathological evaluation in one-month-old rabbits. Mean growth rates and mean heights of the growth plates of the US exposed radius vs. control radius, and US exposed ulna vs. control ulna showed no statistically significant differences at all intensities and time intervals. Mean growth rates and heights of the growth plates of the US exposed radius for 0.2 W/cm(2) (SATA) US vs. 0.5 W/cm(2) US showed the same type of pattern compared to those of the control radius for 0.2 W/cm(2)vs. 0.5 W/cm(2) at days 10, 15 and 20. Similar results were also found for the ulna. Effects of 0.5 W/cm(2) US on the mean growth rates and mean heights of the growth plates were superior to those of 0.2 W/cm(2) US at day 10. The results at day 10 were reversed for the same comparisons at days 15 and 20. No cavitation effect of US was observed on growth plate cells. There was no evidence of partial or complete premature closure of the growth plates or of angular deformity of the carpal region.
Animals↗
Clinical assessment, MRI, and EMG in congenital brachial plexus palsy.
Thirteen infants with congenital brachial plexus palsy (eight with upper, five with upper and lower) were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (the first performed between 7 and 41 days of age and the second at 3 months of age), electromyography (the first performed between 27 and 50 days and the second at 3 months), and the muscle scoring system of the Hospital for Sick Children (at 3, 6, and 9 months of age). The findings were evaluated with respect to the clinical status of the patients at 12 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging, which could be performed readily even in the neonatal period, revealed pseudomeningoceles in two of the five patients with a poor prognosis (in all planes even in the early days after birth) and in two of the eight patients with a good prognosis (more easily visible at 3 months of age). Electromyography implied root avulsion in three of five patients with a poor prognosis. Electromyography can be of great value for patients with a poor prognosis and root avulsion but may underestimate the severity. The muscle scoring system (Hospital for Sick Children) was determined to be the most predictive method for prognosis.
Brachial Plexus↗
Acute childhood hemiplegia associated with chickenpox.
Although primary varicella-associated central nervous system complications and herpes zoster ophthalmicus with delayed hemiplegia are well known, and chickenpox is a common infection, cerebral vasculopathy associated with chickenpox has only been described recently. We report the case of an 18-month-old girl who developed a right hemiplegia 10 days after the onset of a primary varicella infection. She has the shortest latent interval in the literature. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggest an infarction involving the left putamen and internal capsule. Magnetic resonance angiography is normal. Possible causes of acute infantile hemiplegia are excluded. Neurologic signs gradually improve without any specific treatment. A review of the literature is also presented.
Acute Disease↗
The effects of thyroid status on serum apolipoprotein A-I-containing lipoprotein particles.
Alterations of lipid profile are a well-known phenomenon in thyroid dysfunction. However, little is known about the influence of thyroid hormone on Lp A-I and LpA-I:A-II particles. We have, therefore, studied LpA-I and LpAI:A-II concentrations in a group of 20 patients with hyperthyroidism and in a group of 15 patients with hypothyroidism before and one month after attainment of euthyroidism. In hypothyroid patients, LDL-cholesterol and apo B concentrations decrease significantly after L-T4 replacement treatment (from 4.49+/-2.51 to 2.76+/-0.70 mmol/ L, P=0.036 and from 89.4+/-16.1 to 78.3+/-13.3 mg/dL, P=0.05, respectively), whereas no significant change was observed in the total cholesterol, HDL-C, LpA-I, LpA-I:A-II and apo A-I concentrations. In hyperthyroid patients, total cholesterol (from 3.58+/-0.72 to 4.74+/-1.39mmol/L, P=0.0025), HDL-C (from 1.19+/-0.23 to 1.41+/-0.27mmol/L, P=0.0084), LDL-C (from 1.83+/-0.69 to 2.96+/-1.20 mmol/l, P=0.0025), apo A-I (from 85.6+/-12.5 to 91.7+/-18.1 mg/dL, P=0.05) and apo B (from 52.7+/-8.2 to 65.6+/-16.5 mg/dL, P=0.0013) increased after restoration of euthyroidism while triglycerides, LpA-I and LpA-I: A-II concentrations were unchanged. LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II concentrations were not related to thyroid hormones in both groups. Our study suggests that LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II particles are not under the direct control of thyroid hormones.
Adult↗
Renal hydatid cysts and the evaluation of their radiologic images.
OBJECTIVE: We present our experience with the various sonographic and CT findings observed in patients with hydatid disease involving the kidney. The imaging characteristics of various echinococcal cysts were evaluated comparatively to offer a diagnostically better explanation for the radiologic images and to assist the urologist in defining the nature of the cyst and its content preoperatively. Renal involvement is extremely rare in patients with hydatid disease. METHODS: The clinical and radiological features in 17 patients with renal hydatid disease are described. Two patients (4 and 28 years old) had renal colic with passage of debris in urine (hydatiduria). Five males and twelve females were 4-61 years old (mean 37 years). Their histories, physical findings and imaging procedures were evaluated. Plain abdominal radiographs were taken in 17 patients. RESULTS: Plain film showed calcified mass compressing the pelvicalyceal system and/or ureter in 10 cases. Sonography showed typical features of echinococcal cysts in 14 cases, especially in the liver and spleen. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography demonstrates the internal cystic content better. When daughter cysts are present, CT establishes the diagnosis. CT scan provides further information on the affected organ and involvement of other organs, calcification of the cyst wall and density. The diagnosis was suggested preoperatively in all patients, and confirmed surgically in 12 patients. Eight total nephrectomies and four partial nephrectomies were performed. The others are being followed up.
Adolescent↗
Effects of gonadotropin and testosterone treatments on Lipoprotein(a), high density lipoprotein particles, and other lipoprotein levels in male hypogonadism.
It is known that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for developing atherosclerosis, whereas the LpA-I particle of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is an antiatherogenic factor. The effects of androgen replacement therapy on lipid and lipoproteins have previously been reported in male hypogonadism. However, no study reported the effect of gonadotropin or testosterone treatment on Lp(a), LpA-I, or LpA-I;A-II levels in make hypogonadism. We, therefore, determined Lp(a), LpA-I, LpA-I:A-II, and other lipoprotein levels before and 3 months after treatment in 22 patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and in 9 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome. All patients had been previously untreated for androgen deficiency. Plasma FSH, LH, PRL, testosterone (T), estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were also determined before and 3 months after treatment. Patients with IHH were treated with hCG/human menopausal gonadotropin, whereas patients with Klinefelter's syndrome received T treatment. Three months after treatment, mean T levels role to low normal levels in both groups. Triglyceride, LpA-I:A-II, Lp(a), HDL cholesterol, HDL3 cholesterol, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentrations did not change significantly after treatment, whereas total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LpA-I, and HDL2 concentrations were significantly increased 3 months after treatment in both groups. The apo B concentration significantly increased in patients with klinefelter's syndrome, whereas no change was observed in the IHH group. Lp(a) concentrations were not related to all hormonal and clinical parameters in both groups. LpA-I concentrations were significantly and negatively correlated with free T (r = -0.80; P = 0.010) in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and were not correlated with all hormonal and clinical parameters in the IHH group. The LpA-I:A-II concentration was only correlated with body mass index (r = -0.83; P = 0.005) in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, whereas it was correlated negatively with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (r = -0.57; P = 0.005) in the IHH group.2 Overall, our study demonstrates that gonadotropin or T treatment has a complex effect on lipids and lipoproteins. This complexity will be resolved when sufficient large scale androgen treatment data are available for assessment of the long term outcome of androgen treatment. The increases in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations after treatments are the adverse effects of these treatments, whereas the increases in HDL2 and LpA-I concentrations and the lack of changes in Lp(a) are the beneficial effects. Gonadotropin or T treatment did not modify the Lp(a) concentration, indicating that it is not affected by the hormonal milieu in male hypogonadism. Our study also showed that LpA-I, but not LpA-I:A-II, particles could be modified by androgen replacement therapy.
Adult↗
Lipoprotein(a) concentration in subclinical hypothyroidism before and after levo-thyroxine therapy.
Subclinical hypothyroidism is a frequent disorder in populations and has been shown to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Less is known about the contribution of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] to the development of CHD in this disorder. Therefore this study was designed to evaluate Lp(a) and other lipoprotein concentrations before and after L-T4 therapy in 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 20 normal healthy subjects matched for sex, age and BMI. In the basal state of subclinical hypothyroidism, a significant increase in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations was observed in patients compared with those in the control group. The mean Lp(a) concentration before treatment was 163 +/- 15 mg/L. This is slightly but not significantly higher than those in the control group (131 +/- 15 mg/L). Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism with a low dose of L-T4 (25 micrograms daily) for 3 months after restoration of euthyroidism led to decreases in levels of Lp(a) from 163 mg/L to 126 mg/L (23% reduction, P < 0.001), total cholesterol from 5.5 mmol/L to 5.1 mmol/L (7% reduction, P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol from 4.14 mmol/L to 3.63 mmol/L (12%, P < 0.001), and apo B from 98 mg/dL to 86 mg/dL (12% reduction, P < 0.05), but triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations were unchanged. These data suggest that L-T4 replacement therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism has beneficial effects on the lipid profile since L-T4 replacement therapy lowered the concentrations of Lp(a) and other atherogenic lipid particles.
Adult↗
Various associations of human parvovirus B19 infection.
A variety of diseases encountered in association with human parvovirus B19 infection seen at Paediatric clinic during 6 months is presented and their relation to parvovirus B19 is discussed. We conclude that investigation of parvovirus B19 in variable diseases by using the newly developed methods of molecular biology will enlighten many etiopathogenetic mechanisms.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Prostatic urethral duplication: an unusual form of vertical symmetric duplication.
Urethral duplication is a rare anomaly that manifests itself in various ways. We present a case with a prostatic urethral duplication without incontinence. To our knowledge this is the first case to be reported and has been discussed within Effmann's classification.
Child↗
[Blood studies of the vitamin A and beta-carotene content of the blood plasma of infertile cows].
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Animals↗
A case with acute leukemia presenting with cardiac tamponade.
Pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade are rare and severe complications of leukemia. They often develop during the radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or infections in the course of leukemia. However, some cases present with pericardial effusion and tamponade. We report a three-year-old girl who was admitted with cardiac tamponade and needed urgent pericardiocentesis. Clinical evaluation and laboratory results revealed myeloid markered-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and pericardial invasion. She is the youngest patient with cardiac tamponade who was diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the English-language literature.
Cardiac Tamponade↗