Biomedical subjects

K Yoneda

Publications and source records attributed to K Yoneda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Midline malignant B-cell lymphoma with leukemic transformation.

This article presents a case of lethal midline granuloma on the palate of a 44-year-old woman, which had been identified histologically as B-cell lymphoma with leukemic transformation in the terminal stages. At the first visit, physical and laboratory examinations showed no remarkable findings except for a necrotizing ulcer of the palate, and the biopsy specimens only showed massive inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis of the granulation tissue. There was a short-term resolution after treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, but the disease reactivated and the necrotic ulcerative lesion progressively advanced into the nasal cavity. Specimens from the third biopsy exhibited histologic features that were consistent with malignant lymphoma of the diffuse, mixed B-cell type. Chemotherapy with the regimen of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone was adopted but was interrupted after a short time because of bone marrow suppression. Subsequently, large numbers of enlarged abnormal lymphocytes with a few vacuoles in the cytoplasm appeared in the circulating blood, indicating leukemic transformation of the midline lymphoma. The patient died on the seventh day after the initiation of chemotherapy. In the presentation of this case, the authors mention clinically important matters regarding midline lethal lymphoma and briefly discuss the pathophysiology and pathogenesis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The human loricrin gene.

Loricrin is the major protein component of the cornified cell envelope of terminally differentiated mammalian epidermal (stratum corneum) cells. Using a specific human cDNA clone, we have isolated and characterized the human loricrin gene. We show that it has a very simple structure of a single intron of 1188 base pairs (bp) in the 5'-untranslated region; there are no introns in coding sequences. By use of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, followed by in situ hybridization with a biotin-labeled genomic DNA clone, the single-copy gene maps to chromosome location 1q21. Polymerase chain reaction analyses of genomic DNAs from different individuals show that human loricrin consists of two allelic size variants, due to sequence variations in its second glycine loop domain, and these variants segregate in the human population by normal Mendelian mechanisms. Furthermore, there are multiple sequence variants within these two size class alleles due to various deletions of 12 bp (4 amino acids) in the major loop of this glycine loop domain. By use of a specific loricrin antibody, we show by immunogold electron microscopy that loricrin initially appears in the granular layer of human epidermis and forms composite keratohyalin granules with profilaggrin, but localizes to the cell periphery (cell envelope) of fully differentiated stratum corneum cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

A homogeneous assay system of aspartate aminotransferase iso-enzymes using proteases and application for clinical evaluation of myocardial infarction.

We designed a rapid, homogeneous assay for human aspartate aminotransferase (AST) isoenzymes, by a selective proteolysis of soluble AST (s-AST), using chymotrypsin and protease 401. The linearity of mitochondrial (m-AST) was elongated up to 4000 U/l. m-AST values from the human liver, and determined by a homogeneous assay using protease 401 or chymotrypsin, were relative to those obtained using an immunoprecipitation method. In perioperative patients or those with an acute myocardial infarction, the peaks of s-AST and m-AST values were noted 13 h and at 57 h after ictus, respectively, whereas the peak of ratio between was seen 6 h after ictus. In the case of Budd-Chiari syndrome, the maximum levels of the two AST activities were evident 14 days after hospitalization and the peak of ratio between them was seen after 7 days. We propose that this homogeneous assay can serve as a diagnostic tool for early phase detection of myocardial infarction and of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells with low-dose interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma in oral cancer patients.

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were induced with low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) and recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in 28 oral carcinoma patients. The patients received daily intravenous injections of rIL-2 (1.2 x 10(5) U/m2) and rIFN-gamma (7.0 x 10(4) U/m2), and both natural killer (NK) and LAK activities were periodically examined. A significant increase in CD16+CD57+ and CD16+CD57- NK subsets was observed after the induction. An increase in the T-cell population was also found, with a significant increase in CD3+HLA-DR+, CD8+Leu8-, and CD4+Leu8- cells. Significant increases in NK activity, from the original level of 32.0 +/- 13.7 to 49.9 +/- 15.2%, and LAK activity, from 4.8 +/- 3.5 to 11.0 +/- 6.1%, at Day 7 were observed. Both activities were maintained at high levels during the cytokine injections, but greater enhancement of the killing activities could not be obtained subsequently. When NK and LAK activities were investigated in each subpopulation of CD3- and CD16- cells, no remarkable cytotoxic activity could be observed before induction in any subset without NK activity in CD3- cells (31.1 +/- 14.3%). At Day 7, NK activity of CD16- cells increased up to 21.4 +/- 14.9%, accompanied by an increase in CD3(-)-cell activity (54.5 +/- 20.6%). LAK activities of both subsets were also enhanced, with activity at Day 7 of 6.5 +/- 5.6 and 9.4 +/- 6.6% in CD16- and CD3- cells, respectively. These increased activities were maintained at the same level during the induction. Phorbol myristate acetate-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) O2-generation was significantly increased, from the original 81.1 +/- 28.1 to 95.6 +/- 34.9 pmol/min/10(4) cells, after 1 week of treatment. Protein kinase C activity in the cytosol decreased, and the activity in the membrane fraction conversely increased. No remarkable adverse effects except for mild fever were observed. Together with LAK induction ability and PMNL enhancement, with scarce toxicity, a combination of low-dose rIL-2 and rIFN-gamma is thought to be useful in cancer treatments.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1992

Catalase negative mutants of Helicobacter pylori.

Nine strains of Helicobacter pylori have been isolated exhibiting spontaneous mutations with a loss of catalase activity. Growth characteristics in vitro were unaffected by the mutation showing that catalase is not essential for growth of Helicobacter pylori. Parent strains and mutants could not be distinguished morphologically from each other when compared by electron microscopy. Restriction endonuclease digestion with HindIII, separated in an 0.7% agarose gel in TBE buffer, showed each pair to be highly related to each other. SDS-PAGE separation of proteins from four mutants and parent strains showed that all mutants lacked a 57 kDa protein. The partial N-terminal sequence of this protein shows homology with maize catalase and may be the subunit of the Helicobacter pylori catalase tetramer. It is concluded that catalase negative mutants of Helicobacter pylori occur spontaneously in vitro, but have not yet been observed in vivo. The paucity of such catalase negative strains in clinical specimens could mean that catalase is a virulence factor in vivo that puts mutants at a selective disadvantage.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Operation for polysyndactyly of the fifth toe using Z-plasty.

A new operative procedure was devised to treat polysyndactyly of the fifth toe. This procedure, which consists of removal of the fifth toe, correction of the alignment of the preserved sixth toe by arthroplasty and construction of an interdigital space by Z-plasty, is technically simple and produces good results, both functionally and aesthetically.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Upregulatory effects of cefpimizole natrium on human leukocytes.

Cefpimizole natrium (CPIZ), an antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporins, was examined regarding its influence on neutrophil functions. Neutrophil superoxide (O2-) generation increased by intravenous CPIZ in patients with maxillofacial diseases. In vitro examination revealed that CPIZ directly stimulates neutrophils to generate O2- in a dose-dependent manner, though the induction ability is not as strong as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the neutrophil plasma membrane increased after CPIZ treatment, while the activity in the cytosol fraction decreased. CPIZ cooperated with biological response modifiers (BRMs) such as sizofilan, lentinan, OK-432, rIL-2 and rIFN-gamma in neutrophil O2- generation. Non-specific cytotoxicity against K562 cells and candida cells was also enhanced by neutrophil pretreatment with both CPIZ and one of the BRMs except for sizofilan and rIL-2. From these results it can be concluded that CPIZ directly enhanced neutrophil O2- generation and that these CPIZ activations are further beneficial to protection against bacterial infections.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1992

Vimentin expression in sweat gland tumours.

Immunohistochemical localization of vimentin was studied in 93 cases of sweat gland tumours using a monoclonal anti-vimentin antibody. A strong immunoreactivity of vimentin was observed in modified myoepithelial or neoplastic myoepithelial cells of mixed tumour of the skin, syringoma, and sweat gland adenoma. Tumour cells in outer layers of tubular, ductal, and duct-like structures usually showed positive staining for vimentin, which coincided with modified myoepithelial cells. All tumour cells of clear cell hydroadenoma showed positive vimentin staining. Tumour cells of the luminal border of tubulo-ductal structures of mixed tumours were rarely immunoreactive for vimentin. Positive vimentin staining of tumour cells in the outer zone of tubulo-ductal structures in sweat gland tumours may be related to reactive proliferation of modified myoepithelial cells and simultaneous growth of luminal tumour cells.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1992

The cornified cell envelope: loricrin and transglutaminases.

The cornified cell envelope (CE) of terminally differentiated human epidermis is a complex structure consisting of several defined protein constituents. The CE is the most insoluble component of the epidermis due to crosslinking by disulfide bonds as well as isodipeptide bonds that are formed by the action of transglutaminases (TGases). We have recently determined that loricrin is the major component of CE. We now have isolated and characterized its gene and showed that it has a simple structure with a single intron. We also show that the loricrin gene maps to position 1q21, which, coincidentally, is similar to the location of the profilaggrin and involucrin genes. Human loricrin in 26 kDa and consists of three long glycine-serine-cysteine rich sequence domains that contain quasi-repeating peptides and which form the novel glycine loop motif. These are interspersed by lysine+glutamine rich domains involved in isodipeptide crosslinks. The glycine loops are thought to be involved in organization of epidermal proteins and maintenance of the flexibility of the epidermis. By use of PCR analyses, we have found that human loricrin consists of two allelic size variants, due to sequence variations in the second glycine loop domain only, and these variants segregate in the human population by normal Mendelian mechanisms. Furthermore, there are multiple sequence variants within these two size class alleles due to various deletions of 12 bp (4 amino acids) in the major loop of this glycine loop domain. In order to study the expression and role of TGases in the formation of CE, we have isolated and sequenced cDNA and genomic clones encoding the TGase1 enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

[Oral purine loading test for latent metabolic disorders of uric acid in patients with calcium containing upper urinary calculi].

For the detection of metabolic disorders of uric acid in upper urolithiasis, an oral purine loading test was performed in 78 patients with calcium-containing calculi, 5 patients with uric acid calculi, and 34 stone free subjects. From the results of the normal subject group, the criteria of hyperuricemia, latent hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria and latent hyperuricosuria were proposed. In calcium-containing stone formers, 6 male patients showed hyperuricosuria, 18 male patients and 4 female patients showed latent hyperuricemia or latent hyperuricosuria. In uric acid urinary stone formers, all cases showed latent hyperuricemia or latent hyperuricosuria. These findings indicated that the metabolic disorders of uric acid might be one of the risk factors for the formation of calcium containing urinary stones, as well as uric acid urinary stones.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of intra-arterial methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cis-platinum for bladder cancer].

Chemotherapy regimens including Methotrexate, Vinblastine. Doxorubicin and Cis-platinum (M-VAC) have shown objective responses in more than 50% of uroepithelial tumors. And intra-arterial chemotherapy can theoretically increase the drug concentration delivered to the tumor with maximum efficacy and less toxicity. In this report we review our experience at Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital between September 1987 and February 1991 using intra-arterial M-VAC in 21 evaluable patients with bladder cancer. Response was observed in 62% of the treated patients, two with complete remission and eleven with partial remission. WBC nadir and platelet nadir were mild to moderate. Other adverse effects such as mucositis, hair loss and creatinine elevation were seen in a small number of patients. Intra-arterial M-VAC can be one of the most useful forms of chemotherapy for patients with bladder cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Mechanism of killing of pneumococci by lysozyme.

Lysozyme is abundant in respiratory secretions and may play a role in lung host defenses. Mechanisms by which lysozyme killed Streptococcus pneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen, were studied. Lysozyme caused optical clearing of pneumococcal suspensions and released fragments containing [3H]choline from their cell walls. Electron micrographs revealed wide-spread cell wall destruction and bacteriolysis. Breakdown of the cell wall appeared to be mediated mostly by the major pneumococcal autolysin, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, because it was blocked by phosphorylcholine, a specific inhibitor of amidase, or by substitution of ethanolamine for choline in the cell wall. Blockade of amidase did not greatly increase survival of lysozyme-treated pneumococci on blood agar. Pneumococci in which amidase was blocked appeared intact immediately after treatment with lysozyme, but when they were reincubated at 37 degrees C in fresh culture medium they swelled and lysed. Thus, widespread triggering of the major pneumococcal autolysin is not essential for the bactericidal effect of lysozyme.

Bacteriolysis↗

PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical study of human eccrine sweat ducts with anti-keratin antibodies. Presence of a layer between luminal and peripheral cell layers.

It is known that human eccrine sweat ducts are composed of luminal cells and peripheral cells. In this study, the immunohistochemical staining properties of human eccrine sweat ducts were investigated using seven different anti-keratin antibodies by light microscopy. Anti-keratin antibody MA904, which reacts with 68-kDa keratin peptide specifically stained an intermediate cell layer between the luminal cell layer and the peripheral cell layer in the ducts. Anti-keratin antibody CK8,60 stained both the luminal cell layer and the intermediate cell layer. Anti-keratin antibody MA903 stained all of the layers. Anti-keratin antibodies CK4.26, PKK1, and MAK-6 weakly to faintly stained the luminal cells. Anti-keratin antibody PKK3 stained no cells in the ducts. These results suggest that each cell layer has its own characteristic staining pattern with anti-keratin antibodies. Moreover, the presence of an intermediate cell layer was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy using anti-keratin antibody MA904.

Eccrine Glands↗

PubMed1991

Reconstruction of the entire upper eyelid area with a subcutaneous pedicle flap based on the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Lagophthalmos caused by trauma or inflammation may damage the cornea and, if not adequately treated, may result in loss of eyesight. Hence surgical intervention is required at the earliest possible stage. We have developed a subcutaneous pedicle flap elevated from the temporozygomatic area and rotated 180 degrees around a small pedicle base that contains the orbicularis oculi muscle. With this flap, the entire upper eyelid can be reconstructed as an aesthetic unit in one stage so that the result is satisfactory not only functionally, but also cosmetically. The operative procedure is presented along with case reports.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Immunoregulatory effects of sizofiran (SPG) on lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of SPG on leukocytes has been studied in 20 patients with oral carcinoma and the actions have been analysed in vitro. SPG 1 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly twice weekly. Peripheral venous blood was collected before, and 1 week and 2 weeks after the initiation of SPG treatment. Both CD16+CD57- and CD16-CD57+ cell populations were significantly increased after treatment, but no T cell subset varied. While enhancement of lymphokine-activated killer activity could not be found, an increase in natural killer (NK) activity was observed in 15 of the subjects, and the mean NK level was significantly increased from an initial 34.7 +/- 18.7% to 46.4 +/- 16.5% after two weeks of injections. O2-production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was stimulated 6 h after SPG injection. When PMNL were treated in vitro with SPG 32 micrograms/ml, enhanced O2-generation was induced and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in a membrane fraction increased. SPG did not directly affect non-specific PMNL killing of K562 cells or antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against Raji cells, but non-specific PMNL killing was enhanced by culture-conditioned medium from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) containing 10 micrograms/ml SPG. Interleukin-1 beta, -3, -4, -6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and IFN-gamma levels in the conditioned medium were not increased compared with medium from PBMC not treated with SPG. No clear increase of these cytokines was found in serum from the SPG-treated patients. From the above results, enhancement of PMNL O2-generation by SPG seems to be a direct action of SPG, but the mechanism of elevation of the non-specific killing activity of PMNL and NK cells is not known. Perhaps other cytokines than those assayed have participated in increasing non-specific cytotoxicity.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗

PubMed1991

Serum cytokine levels in patients with oral mucous membrane disorders.

Serum cytokine levels were examined in 18 oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 26 lichen planus (OLP), 20 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), 8 herpetic gingivostomatitis (HGS), 16 pseudomembrane candidiasis (PMC) and 19 acute bacterial infection (ABI) cases. All SCC and most PMC patients possessed clear serum IL-3. No clear increase of IL-4 was observed in most cases though over 20 pg/ml were found in a few OLP, RAS and ABI. ABI exhibited the highest IL-6, and the cytokine level was lower in RAS, PMC, HGS and OLP in this order. Suppressed IL-6 activity was elevated with improvement of HGS lesion. TNF-alpha increased in 9 OLP, but the levels were below 100 pg/ml in all cases. Most SCC possessed higher GM-CSF activity than the controls. Increase of the cytokine corresponding with improvement of the oral lesion was seen in HGS, but not in OLP. From these results, each serum cytokine seems to reflect a characteristic pathophysiology of individual oral disorder.

Abscess↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical studies for genitourinary anomalies with anorectal malformations].

Anorectal malformations involve genitourinary anomalies frequently. In this study, the treatment and prognosis for genitourinary anomalies in 8 patients with anorectal malformations were discussed. All patients were men (range 1 to 14 years). Seven of them showed high types of anorectal malformations and one low type. Five patients were managed surgically. Among them, 3 were treated successfully, but the outcome was not good for 2 patients. These 2 patients have been followed up under careful observation. The treatment could not be performed on one patient with poor bowel function. In this series, successful results were obtained on patients with a low degree of anomalies. However, there were hazard problems in patients with a high degree of anomalies. Neurogenic bladder was included among these problems. It is difficult to diagnose and treat genitourinary anomalies on a newborn baby with anorectal malformations, when these anomalies might be complicated with other severe anomalies such as congenital heart diseases. In such cases, genitourinary anomalies should be treated as conservatively as possible until the patient's condition has improved.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Early diagnosis and early detection of successful reperfusion by latex agglutination turbidimetry of serum myoglobin in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

As latex agglutination turbidimetry of serum myoglobin (Mb) levels is simple, rapid and high sensitive method, it can be applied for early diagnosis and reperfusion therapy (PTCA, PTCR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The measurement of serum Mb levels is useful for early diagnosis of AMI, and we conclude that the measurement of serum Mb levels is useful and suitable for rapid judging on success or failure of reperfusion therapy use of the disappearance rate of it.

Adult↗