Biomedical subjects

K Yoshitake

Publications and source records attributed to K Yoshitake.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A tumor of facultative histiocytes showing mesenchymal differentiation in cultured cell lines.

The histogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is controversial. To elucidate the cellular origin and characteristics of this neoplasm, the authors analyzed cell lines grown from 17 patients (15 soft tissue MFH and 2 bone MFH) by using light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, enzyme cytochemistry, and functional tests for receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Fc receptors) and immunophagocytosis. Each culture exhibited a storiform/pleomorphic pattern with mixed cellular populations consisting of spindle cells, polygonal cells, and bizarre giant cells; these morphologic features corresponded to the histologic characteristics of the primary tumors. The cells in each MFH line displayed histiocytic functional markers such as lysosomal enzymes, Fc receptors and immunophagocytosis. However, these cells differed from monocyte-derived macrophages (histiocytes) in immunoreactivity; the MFH cells expressed a mesenchymal antigen (FU3) distributed among perivascular cells and fibroblasts but demonstrated no positive reactions with Leu-M1 (CD15) and Leu-M3 (CD14), which recognize the cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MFH is not a tumor of true histiocytes but of facultative histiocytes showing mesenchymal differentiation in vitro. Chromosomal analysis performed in one MFH line demonstrated abnormal karyotypes; the modal chromosome number was 58, with 5 marker chromosomes.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin in human skin.

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin (PCNA/cyclin) in skin tissue specimens and cultured keratinocytes was studied using a monospecific antibody, obtained from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, and a monoclonal antibody. Indirect immunofluorescent staining revealed that cultured keratinocytes obtained from human foreskins expressed PCNA/cyclin as variable nuclear patterns in 15-30% of the cells. In normal human skin tissue specimens, PCNA/cyclin was demonstrated in only a few basal cells. Interestingly, PCNA/cyclin was expressed strongly in almost all the cells of the lowest layer of the epidermis adjacent to squamous cell carcinomas, whereas the tumor aggregates themselves had no positive staining. In contrast, no such characteristic staining was demonstrated in specimens of basal cell carcinoma. The staining pattern of PCNA/cyclin was different from that of Ki-67 in the skin tissue specimens. Our results suggest that PCNA/cyclin could be a useful marker of cell proliferation.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1992

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic colonic epithelium of the rat.

Expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was examined in normal rat intestinal tissues and in carcinogen-treated nonneoplastic and neoplastic colonic mucosa. In the normal intestine, PCNA expression was confined to the expected region of the proliferative compartment. A strong correlation was observed between PCNA labeling index and both [3H]thymidine labeling index (R = 0.993, P = 0.007) and percent of cells in S phase as determined by flow cytometry (R = 0.982, P = 0.018) and between the location of the maximal staining for PCNA and [3H]thymidine (R = 0.997, P less than 0.05). In animals treated with dimethylhydrazine (DMH), crypt hyperplasia, an increased PCNA labeling index, and shifts in both the region of maximal and the upper extent of PCNA expression were observed during DMH exposure; significant crypt hyperplasia and expansion of the PCNA-positive compartment persisted after completion of DMH injections. The patterns of PCNA expression and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation were similar in DMH-induced tumors. It is concluded that PCNA immunohistochemistry can be used as a reliable marker of the proliferative compartment in both normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗

PubMed1992

Chromosome abnormalities in liposarcomas.

We performed a cytogenetic study of short-term cultures from fresh surgical specimens obtained from four patients with liposarcoma. Myxoid liposarcomas (cases 1-3) were associated with a specific translocation between chromosomes 12 and 16. Trisomy 8, a nonrandom secondary aberration in myxoid liposarcoma, was observed in the third case as the only additional change. Round cell liposarcoma (case 4) showed complex chromosomal aberrations affecting chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 17, 19, and 22. Neither band 12q13 nor 16p11 was visibly rearranged. Three subgroups of liposarcomas are proposed. The first group is characterized by t(12;16)(q13;p11), the second group by ring chromosomes, telomeric associations, and giant markers, and the last by complex numerical and structural aberrations.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The effect of three novel thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists (S-1452, AA-2414 and ONO-3708) on the increase in pulmonary pressure caused by Forssman anaphylaxis in guinea-pigs.

The effects were studied of three novel thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonists (S-1452, AA-2414 and ONO-3708) on the increase in pulmonary pressure caused by Forssman anaphylaxis in guinea-pigs. Three TXA2 antagonists at doses of between 1 and 10 mg/kg administered orally 1 h before the challenge clearly inhibited the pulmonary pressure increase. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, all three antagonists inhibited the pulmonary pressure increase caused by leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and U-46619, but not that caused by histamine. The decrease in peripheral platelet counts caused by Forssman anaphylaxis was also clearly inhibited by the three TXA2 antagonists. However, the decreased peripheral leukocyte counts were unaffected by the three agents. The decrease in serum complement activity (CH50) was inhibited by S-1452 and AA-2414 at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), significant increases in eosinophils and neutrophils were observed after Forssman anaphylaxis. Three TXA2 antagonists at a dose of 10 mg/kg (except for AA-2414 on eosinophils) did not affect the changes of leukocyte counts in BALF. Moreover, increases in the TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels of the BALF brought about by Forssman anaphylaxis were unaffected by the three TXA2 receptor antagonists. Histamine and LTD4 were not changed in the BALF after Forssman anaphylaxis. These results indicate the efficacy of TXA2 receptor antagonists on the increase in pulmonary pressure caused by Forssman anaphylaxis in guinea-pigs by direct antagonism to released TXA2.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1992

Myxoid liposarcoma with t (12; 16)(q 13; p 11). Possible usefulness of chromosome analysis in a poorly differentiated sarcoma.

A chromosomal study was used to establish diagnosis of a poorly differentiated soft-tissue sarcoma occurring in the right thigh of a 57-year-old Japanese female. Histopathologically the excised tumor consisted of a poorly differentiated myxoid neoplasm, without specific features to enable the identification of neoplastic cells. Although a tentative diagnosis of poorly differentiated myxoid liposarcoma was made, ultrastructural examination and Oil Red O fat stain failed to demonstrate the evidence of lipoblastic differentiation, except that occasional cells possessed a small number of fine fat droplets. The diagnosis of liposarcoma was suggested by chromosome analysis of the fresh tumor tissue after short time culture and trypsin-Giemsa banding technique. The tumor cells demonstrated a clonal abnormality characterized by a reciprocal translocation, t(12; 16)(q 13; p 11), which is known as a specific aberration in myxoid liposarcoma. Thus, chromosome study seems to be useful for identifying undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors, which lack morphologic evidence of any specific differentiation, as in the present case.

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMed1992

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Proliferative compartment and heterogeneity of "histiocytic" cells.

To elucidate the precise origin and characteristics of the proliferating cells in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), the authors analyzed 33 MFH tumors, using immunohistochemical techniques with a panel of 12 antibodies. All three types of MFH cells (spindle cells, polygonal cells, and bizarre giant cells) stained positively for mesenchymal antigens (FU3 and vimentin) but did not stain for macrophage/histiocyte markers (HAM 56 and CD68). Therefore, the MFH cells may not represent true histiocytes, although they may be mesenchymal-derived cells behaving as "facultative histiocytes" with superficial resemblance to actual histiocytes. Normal histiocytes in the stroma tested positive for macrophage/histiocyte antigens; the most common cells were HAM 56-positive cells constituting 30-80% of nonneoplastic stromal cells, followed by those positive for CD68 (10-50%), Mac 387 (less than 2%), and S-100 protein (less than 1%). Our results indicate the presence of heterogeneity of "histiocytic" cells in MFH. Proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was expressed not only in the spindle and polygonal MFH cells but also in the bizarre giant cells. These findings suggest that all three types of MFH cells participate in the proliferative compartment of MFH. Uneven PCNA staining of the irregular nuclear segments of the bizarre giant cells may result in abnormal DNA synthesis, possibly contributing to the marked diversity of nuclear morphology in MFH. Touton-type and osteoclast-like giant cells did not stain for PCNA but stained positively for histiocytic markers. Therefore, these giant cells may lack proliferative activity and probably result from normal histiocytes fusing together.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Removal of extracellular Mg2+ suppresses sulfation of glycoconjugates secreted from rabbit trachea in culture.

The influences of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations on the basal secretion of glycoconjugates from rabbit trachea in organ culture were examined. Over 80% of the 35S-labeled and [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoconjugates secreted by the trachea were digested upon incubation with chondroitinase ABC. The basal secretion did not occur in the medium at 4 degrees C, indicating an energy-dependent process. The basal secretion at 37 degrees C of 35S-labeled glycoconjugates was prominently suppressed in Mg(2+)-free Tyrode solution but not in Ca(2+)-free Tyrode solution containing ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethylether)tetraacetic acid (EGTA). In contrast, the basal secretion of [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoconjugates was not affected by the Mg2+ concentration in the medium. The results suggest that extracellular Mg2+ largely contributes to sulfation of glycoconjugates basally secreted from rabbit trachea.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the heart].

A 59-year-old woman was referred to our hospital by a local cardiologist, with unknown cause of congestive heart failure and respiratory failure. No significant heart murmur was heard and a cardioechogram from the anterior chest was insufficient for diagnosis. On the night of admission, cardio-respiratory shock was found, and Swan-Gantz catheter data showed severe pulmonary hypertension. Transesophageal echo-cardiography (TEE) revealed a left atrial tumor, with wide neck anchored onto the posterior wall of the left atrium, and which was floating into the left ventricle during the diastolic phase. An emergency operation was performed and the tumor, (80 by 50 by 48 mm) was resected. The patient recovered well in the postoperation period. However the residual tumor continued to grow gradually in the pericardial cavity and the patient died 3 months after the operation. Primary MFH of the heart is rare and 29 cases have been reported. The prognosis of MFH is poor despite surgery. Whenever a left atrial tumor with a wide neck is attached to the posterior wall, it must be considered to be possibly malignant and surgical resection is recommended.

Emergencies↗

PubMed1992

[A case of verrucous carcinoma showing a good partial response by C.P.E. (CDDP, PEP, etoposide) chemotherapy].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of rough feeling on the oral mucosa and diagnosed as verrucous carcinoma with histopathological examination. She was treated with CPE chemotherapy, and showed a good response and improvement of clinical symptoms. Toxicities were leukopenia, alopecia and anorexia. However, these were slight side effects. The patient is currently healthy with no recurrence after two years and 3 months. CPE chemotherapy is considered to be effective for a patient with verrucous carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1991

Participation of collagenase and elastase in LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cause airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs pretreated with metopirone. LPS inhalation resulted in an increase in airway muscarinic reactivity measured by intravenous acetylcholine injection 1-4 h after the inhalation of LPS. The increase of pulmonary capillary permeability was observed 1-24 h after the inhalation of LPS, whereas the increase of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed 2 and 24 h after the inhalation of LPS. Increased cells are mainly neutrophil, eosinophil, and macrophage. From the histopathological study, acute mucosal injury and loss of epithelial cilia were observed 1-24 h after the inhalation of LPS. In order to investigate the phlogistic substance in LPS-induced hyperreactivity, the roles of collagenase and elastase were investigated. The activities of both enzymes were elevated 2 h after the inhalation of LPS. The inhalation of collagenase and elastase caused bronchial hyperreactivity and increased pulmonary permeability. The combined administration of prednisolone (10 mg/kg/day) and cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg/day) for five days decreased LPS-induced hyperreactivity, pulmonary capillary increase, collagenase and elastase activities, and the number of nucleated cells in BALF 2 h after the inhalation of LPS. These results indicate the participation of collagenase and elastase in the onset of LPS-induced airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1991

Symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients as evaluated by their family members: a cross-cultural psychiatric study between offshore islands and an urban city.

We conducted a comparative study of symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients on offshore islands and one urban region in Japan. In the evaluation of symptoms and social behavior by family members, no differences were observed between the two regions. Looking at social adjustment in the two regions, no differences were observed by family members either in the performance level or in the expectation level of socially expected activities. However, on the offshore islands, the expectation level of socially expected activities by family members was significantly higher than the level of self-accomplishment set by schizophrenic patients themselves. As for leisure activities, both family members and patients on the islands evaluated the level of performance to be significantly higher than in the urban region, and the level of satisfaction of the patients themselves was also higher on the islands. Considering both these findings and Japanese traditional views of work and leisure, it is believed that on the islands patients are required to engage in more productive activities and less leisure activities than in the urban region. Further it seems that patients on the islands compared to patients in the urban region may have greater difficulty in social adjustment.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Effects of glibenclamide on cytosolic calcium concentrations and on contraction of the rabbit aorta.

1. Using fluorometry of fura-2 and rabbit aortic strips, we studied the effects of glibenclamide (GLB), a sulphonylurea anti-diabetic drug and an inhibitor of opening of K+ channels, on cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and on force development. 2. Both high K(+)-depolarization and noradrenaline (NA) increased [Ca2+]i and force, in a concentration-dependent manner, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ (1.25 mM). However, force development in relation to [Ca2+]i ([Ca2+]i-force relationship) observed with NA was much greater than that observed with K(+)-depolarization. 3. Pretreatment with GLB (10(-6)-10(-4) M) for 10 min partially inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, both [Ca2+]i elevation and the force development induced by 118 mM K(+)-depolarization or NA 10(-5) M in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The [Ca2+]i-force relationship induced by both 118 mM K+ physiological salt solutions and by NA 10(-5) M in the GLB-treated strips overlapped that obtained in the non-treated strips, thereby suggesting that GLB has no effect on the Ca2(+)-sensitivity of the intracellular contractile apparatus. Only high concentrations (10(-4) M) of GLB decreased [Ca2+]i and the force, when applied after the force induced by 118 mM K+ PSS or NA 10(-5) M reached the maximum level. 4. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, NA induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i and in the force and these increases were inhibited when the vascular strips were pretreated with GLB for 10 min. The [Ca2+]i-force relationship obtained in the GLB-treated strips overlapped that in the non-treated ones. 5. An ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, cromakalim (10-5M) reduced the increased [Ca2 + ]i and force induced by 25mm K+-depolarization and NA 10-SM. Subsequent application of GLB concentrationdependently reversed this relaxant effect of cromakalim on the NA-induced contraction (IC50 = 2x 10 7 M). Complete reversal of the effect was observed with 10IsM GLB. 6. We suggest that GLB inhibits both high K+-depolarization- and NA-induced contraction of the rabbit aorta, by decreasing [Ca2+]i and with no effect on the [Ca2+]i-force relationship. However, when NA-induced contractions were inhibited by a K+-channel opener, GLB reversed this inhibitory effect by inhibiting K+-channel opening and increasing [Ca2 +].

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[The advantage of active conformity as a communication strategy for compatibility between self assertion and smooth interpersonal relationship].

When a consensus is sought but no compromise seems to be obtainable among opposing opinions, people are often forced to choose one of them. This experiment investigated the effects of giving way and agreeing with the group under topics of either a high or low degree of importance. The results were as follows: 1) Those who have given way to others before perceived that their opinions would be accepted more easily in the next time than those who have insisted their own opinions. This tendency was greater under the condition of topics with higher importance. 2) Consequently, those who wish to assert oneself next time dared to give way and agree to others in the group. 3) Those who have stuck to their own opinions were much more regretful than what those who have given way would guess. From these results, it was suggested that people actively select conformity on a long view.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Changes in negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients two years later.

This study investigated the course of negative symptoms by examining the psychiatric symptoms of 59 new schizophrenic patients at the first consultation and again two years later using a structured interview--the Present State Examination. An examination of the total score of the nine negative symptoms, included in the "Chronic Schizophrenic Syndrome" by Wing, showed that 27 out of the 59 patients (45.8%) had lower symptom scores two years later than they did at the first consultation ("negative symptom improvement" group), while 20 patients (33.9%) had higher scores two years after the first consultation ("negative symptom deterioration" group). There were 12% more patients in the improvement group than in the deterioration group. No significant differences were observed between the "improvement group" and "deterioration group" in relation to the following factors--subclassification of schizophrenia, mode of onset, age at the first consultation, marital status at the time of onset, academic history, employment status prior to the onset, the history of hospitalization after the onset and maintenance therapy of neuroleptics. In relation to psychiatric symptoms at the first consultation, the patients in the "improvement group" had a variety of symptoms compared to the patients in the "deterioration group," and the presence of "incoherence of thought," "delusion of reference" and "special features of depression" was significantly higher in the improvement group than in the deterioration group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[A comparative study of individuals' responses to formative and declining groups].

Using 40 college students as subjects, this experiment was conducted to investigate differences in the influence exerted by formative groups and declining groups of the same size. No significant differences between formative and declining groups were found at the behavioural level, especially with respect to conformity rates. However, significant differences were found between the two groups at internal levels, especially with respect to the confidence exhibited in subjects' responses and the evaluation of group opinions. In formative groups, the confidence of conformers in the group increased but non-conformers showed no change. In declining groups, the confidence of non-conformers increased but conformers showed no change. Moreover, only the conformers continued to support group opinions after the groups broke down, evaluating the group opinions highly in private. The results suggested in general that individuals are influenced by group changes and that they select their own responses by anticipating changes likely to occur in the group.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Distribution and forms of fluorine in whole blood of human male.

Distribution and absolute concentration of three kinds of fluoride/fluorine, i.e., free ionic, ionizable, and organic fluorine, in human whole blood and serum were determined. The method is based on low temperature oxygen plasma ashing, acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography using chlorotrimethylsilane, and fluoride ion-specific electrode. A large part (40%) of the total F is distributed in clot of the whole blood and 74% of the total F is in the form of organic fluorine.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Granular cell ameloblastoma. A rare variant.

A rare case of granular cell ameloblastoma in the anterior mandible of a 59-year-old man has been studied by light and electron microscopy. In some areas, the tumor was very similar to an oncocytoma (oxyphilic adenoma). Almost all tumor cells were full of eosinophilic granules, whereas in the common type of granular cell ameloblastoma, only the cells located in the central portion of the tumor are granular.

Adenoma↗