Biomedical subjects

K Zítko

Publications and source records attributed to K Zítko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Comparison of various methods of hemoculture tests].

Three methods of blood cultivation were compared: collection of blood into transport bottles containing only dextran-sulphate, collection into cultivation media containing bottles (aerobic, anaerobic and paediatric Dulab) and the semi-automatic continuous blood culture system (Bactec 9000, using aerobic, anaerobic and paediatric bottles). A total amount of 1.250 blood samples collected from 626 patients was divided equally into the compared bottles and processed parallelly. The yield of the Bactec aerobic bottles was significantly higher than the yield of the transport bottles and aerobic Dulab bottles (p < 0.001). However, this result was influenced by the higher rate of contaminating bacteria isolated from the aerobic Bactec bottles. The yield of the aerobic Dulab bottles was higher than the yield of the transport bottles (p < 0.01). The average time needed for the detection of microorganisms in the Bactec bottles was by 24 hours shorter than in the transport bottles and by 19 hours shorter than in the aerobic Dulab bottles (p < 0.001). The difference between the yields of the anaerobic and the paediatric bottles in our study was not significant. The time needed for the detection of microorganisms was by 17 hours shorter in the anaerobic Bactec bottles than in the transport bottles (p < 0.05).

Bacteria↗

PubMed1989

[Prognosis in patients in intensive care from the aspect of renal function].

The authors evaluated in 82 patients 228 findings of renal functions. Twenty-nine patients with a total number of 113 findings died. In those who died frequently the values of renal functional parameters were beyond the reference limits, indicating various failures (high serum creatinine, high serum urea, elevated fractional osmolal and water excretion, reduced creatinine clearance). In those who died tubular osmotic diuresis was more frequent, while overflow osmotic diuresis was found mostly in the surviving patients. By means of linear discrimination analysis vectors of parameters were assessed suitable for evaluation of the relationship of renal functions and the prognosis and functional shapes of so-called renal prognostic indicators. In the calculation of renal prognostic parameters the following ones prove useful: serum creatinine (SKrea), creatinine clearance (CKrea), serum osmolality (SOsm), osmolality of urine (UOsm), sodium cation in serum (SNa), fractional excretion of water (FeH2o), of potassium (FeK), osmolal (FeOsm), urinary excretion per 24 hours of creatinine (DuKrea), sodium (DuNa) and potassium (DuK). The best prognostic effectiveness was obtained from the calculation of the renal prognostic indicator (RPU) according to the following equation: RPU = SOsm.0.0178--CKrea.0.944 + FeK.0.854 + + DuKrea.0.0665--DuNa.0.0022 + DuK.0.0047--4.931. The RPU value rises with the deteriorating prognosis of the patients; in those who died it reaches more frequently positive values, in surviving patients the values are negative. By reclassification, using this prognostic index, 82% of the patients with a favourable prognosis and 68% with a poor prognosis (those who died) were correctly classified, i. e. a total of 74% patients.

Critical Care↗

PubMed1989

[Renal function parameters in patients in intensive care].

82 patients treated at a ward of anaesthesiology and resuscitation had 330 renal function tests performed using a computerized programme. While glomerular functions were often preserve or even increased, tubular functions displayed a broad spectrum of disorders. --Nosocomial effects may have a significant role to play there. Extreme changes in regulation as regards impaired ADH involvement are nothing exceptional. Tubular osmotic diuresis and overflow osmotic diuresis are the most frequent types of diuresis, while lower frequency is seen in water diuresis, mixed water and tubular osmotic diuresis, and mixed overflow and tubular osmotic diuresis. The therapeutical effects of the incidence of overflow osmotic diuresis and wider use of aldosterone antagonists are discussed.

Critical Care↗

PubMed1989

[Basic requirements of care in polytrauma].

The authors analyze briefly the criteria for the classification of multiple injuries and submit the definition they suggest: "Polytraumatism is a supraluminal injury of more than one bodily system which threatens the life and is associated with a serious traumatic response". The authors outline the minimal conditions which must be met by hospitals treating multiple injuries, which must operate continuously. Polytraumatism must be treated at surgical departments, only. The surgeon has in a multidisciplinary team the leading position and defines the order of therapeutic and surgical operations. Depending on the urgency of these operations, it is possible to classify injuries into four grades, which are defined in more detail. The paper contains the authors' own group of multiple injuries formed by 47 casualties in 1984-1987. The lethality was 31.9% and is evidence of the serious character of polytraumatism.

Female↗

PubMed1987