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Biomedical subjects

K-B Hüttenbrink

Publications and source records attributed to K-B Hüttenbrink.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[ANCA-negative subglottic laryngeal stenosis in childhood].

A 15-year-old female, having developed recurrent infections of the upper airway, hoarseness, dyspnea, and nasal congestion, was referred to our department. There was no history of trauma or intubation. The subglottic space was circularly narrowed. The test for c-ANCA was negative. Chest X-ray and renal function were normal. A tracheotomy was performed; the histology showed infiltrating plasma cells, but no signs of vasculitis or granulomatous inflammation. One year later the patient developed acute renal failure. Biopsy of the kidney confirmed Wegener's disease. The laryngeal stenosis completely resolved after therapy with cyclophosphamide. Juvenile Wegener's granulomatosis is extremely rare; the larynx and trachea seem to be involved more frequently in children than in adults. The positive testing of c-ANCA can support the diagnosis; however, even when c-ANCA do not test positive, the disease can never be excluded. Surgical interventions within the larynx or trachea might only be considered after ineffective therapy with immunosuppressive drugs.

Adolescent↗

[An accessory retropharyngeal bone as a rare cause of dysphagia].

A 77-year-old woman had a history of several-years of dysphagia. On presentation, a submucosal mass impinging on the left oropharynx was present. CT-scans showed a bony structure isolated from the cervical column. The patient underwent complete surgical resection using a transoral approach. Histological examination confirmed the radiological finding; a new formation of bone surrounded by cartilage with hematopoieses in the bone marrow. Recovery was complete within 2 weeks. Dysphagia due to cervical spine osteophytes, Forestier's disease or progressive ossifying fibrodysplasia is well known. This case adds an isolated retropharyngeal bone formation as a rare cause of dysphagia to the literature.

Aged↗

[Endonasal measurement of mucociliary clearance at various locations in the nose: a new diagnostic tool for nasal function?].

INTRODUCTION: Mucociliary clearance is one of the major functions of the nasal epithelium. Limited information on the physiology or malfunction could up to now only be obtained by experimental investigations in vitro with cytological measurements of ciliary beat frequency or with extensive, time-consuming in-vivo-tests. METHODS: We developed a new technique, which measures the transport capacity at various locations at the mucosa in the nose of a sitting patient with a short (30 sec) video-endoscopic examination. The velocity of a 500 microm TiO2-microsphere as inert marker, which is placed on the mucosa region of interest, is measured by a vector-analytic calculation in mm/min. RESULTS: : We validated this technique in 20 subjects with measurements on the floor of the nose. The inter-individual variance and variable transport speed at different locations as known from the literature could be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: This technique allows for the first time to measure the mucociliary clearance at various locations inside the nose of a patient in a short and easy to perform procedure, which up to now necessitated extensive or experimental set-ups. Besides the establishment of a register of mucociliary clearance at various anatomical localisations inside the nose (olfactory epithelium, conchae, surrounding of the ostiae etc.), we intend to verify if this technique can be used as a new diagnostic tool to obtain a deeper insight into some pathologic alterations or uncharacteristic symptoms ("post-nasal-drip") or drug-effects in the nose and in the tracheo-bronchial system.

Adolescent↗

[Pitfalls in ossicular chain reconstruction].

Today, the reconstruction of the ossicular chain is standard in middle ear surgery. It is performed as a one step procedure in cases of non-inflamed middle ears, as well as in cases of chronic ear diseases. In contrast to the past, a large tympanic cavity is today regularly reconstructed, which contributes to a normally ventilated middle ear. Reconstruction of the ossicular chain is necessary to keep the tympanic membrane in its normal position.However, many modern prostheses are available with different designs and material properties. This article aims to give an overview of the acusto-mechanical and surgical aspects of ossicular chain reconstruction. After a description of normal middle ear vibration, the biomechanical background of the reconstructed middle ear (incus reconstruction, stapes reconstruction) is discussed.

Ear Diseases↗

[Olfactory dysfunctions. Epidemiology and therapy in Germany, Austria and Switzerland].

INTRODUCTION: Olfactory dysfunction has been reported to affect more than 200,000 patients a year in the USA. The aim of this survey was to obtain comparable epidemiological data and treatment information on olfactory dysfunction in German speaking countries. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to all otorhinolaryngology departments in Germany, Austria and Switzerland; 52% of hospitals completed the survey. RESULTS: An average of 46 patients with olfactory dysfunction were treated per hospital every month. Hyp- and anosmia were most commonly caused by inflammatory diseases of the nose/paranasal sinuses (53%), respiratory dysfunction (19%), or postviral conditions (11%). Steroids were used most frequently for pharmacological treatment (topically 82%; orally 65%). Approximately one third of the clinics used B vitamins, or zinc; 80% of the hospitals performed surgery to treat underlying diseases. Acupuncture and smell training was used by approximately 20%. CONCLUSION: A total of 79,000 patients per year are treated for olfactory dysfunction in German hospitals. The vast majority of these disorders (72%) is caused by sinunasal diseases. The quality control of therapeutic strategies is urgently needed.

Austria↗

[Optical Rhinometry. Continuous, direct measurement of swelling of the nasal mucosa with allergen provocation. Real-time monitoring of the nasal provocation test using optical rhinometry].

BACKGROUND: Various methods exist for measuring swelling of the nasal mucosa. This is necessary in order to make the nasal provocation test objective. With the new method of optical rhinometry, it is possible to measure swelling of the mucosa directly from outside of the nose in real-time. The measurement is carried out with monochromatic near-infrared light of different wavelengths, the intensity change of which are recorded and displayed during the swelling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With the help of a specially developed prototype of an optical rhinometer, we carried out measurements on 15 subjects having positive nasal provocation tests with histamine and allergens, negative provocation tests with allergens in non-allergics, negative provocation tests with control solution, and decongestion with xylometazoline. RESULTS: We found significant differences between positive and negative provocation tests ( P<0.01). Decongestion was different from all other groups ( P<0.01). Nasal congestion subjectively reported by the subject always correlated with the optical rhinometry findings. CONCLUSION: The objective assessment of nasal swelling using optical rhinometry seems reliable. The course of the endonasal swelling can thereby be monitored in real-time. The measurement is largely independent of the cooperation of the patient. The swelling is measured directly and not indirectly via air flow resistance.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗

[Olfactory dysfunction. Epidemiology, pathophsiological classification, diagnosis and therapy].

The present manuscript is the result of a collaborative effort within the framework of the Working Group of Olfactology and Gustology of the German Society for ENT, Head and Neck Surgery. It provides a comprehensive overview about the current views on the epidemiology, terminology, diagnostics, and therapy of olfactory dysfunction, and aims to offer a framework for the standardized procedures for the diagnosis and therapy of olfactory disorders.

Algorithms↗

[The cartilage guide: a solution for anchoring a columella-prosthesis on footplate].

BACKGROUND: A torp (columella-prosthesis) is the typical ossicular reconstruction in cases of a destroyed stapedial arch. Yet, many unsatisfactory hearing results are due to the lack of a stable, reliable anchoring of the base of the prosthesis on the footplate. Some solutions have been postulated, amongst them the perforation of the footplate with a tiny spike at the lower end of the prosthesis, which, however, many otosurgeons regard as too dangerous for the inner ear. Specially designed silicone sheets cannot guarantee a permanent guide of the columella. METHODS: From our good experience with cartilage in different reconstruction procedures, we therefore developed a cartilage guide for the oval window niche. An oval 2,5 x 3,5 mm cartilage with a central hole is cut out of a thin (0,2 - 0,3 mm) cartilage plate with a help of a cartilage punch, which we had designed in collaboration with Heinz Kurz manufacture. The cartilage is placed into the oval niche and its hole guides the prosthesis onto the centre of the footplate. RESULTS: Temporal bone experiments demonstrated a reliable sound transport through this guide. Revision surgery revealed a stable ingrowth of the cartilage plate into the oval niche, its perforation securely guiding the prosthesis similar to a piston on to the footplate. The first short time hearing results (max. 1 year) in 22 patients confirmed the acoustic quality of this stabilisation of a columella on the footplate as compared to a matched control group. CONCLUSIONS: The stabilization of the columella with a cartilage-guide might solve one of the many problems with unsatisfactory hearing results after the reconstruction of a completely destroyed ossicular chain.

Adolescent↗

[Pancarditis as cause of death after abscess tonsillectomy].

Paratonsillar abscesses are preferably treated by abscess tonsillectomy as operative therapy. The casuistry of a patient aged 17 who was tonsillectomized for a paratonsillar abscess and died after 12 days prompted a discussion on the scope of preoperative diagnostics. The clinical examination and anamnesis of the young man prior to the operation did not give evidence of any concomitant diseases. It was only through extensive microscopic investigations of the myocardium after autopsy that inflammatory infiltrates of the epicardium, endocardium and myocardium in the vicinity of portions of the conduction system were detected. The relevance of autopsy to the quality assurance in clinical activities is emphasized. Legal questions of possible negligent homicide as a result of the failure to take diagnostic and therapeutic measures are raised.

Adolescent↗

[Effects of systemic or topical administration of corticosteroids and vitamin B in patients with olfactory loss].

BACKGROUND: Aim of the present, unblinded, multicentric, open trial was to compare effects of 3 treatments in patients with olfactory dysfunction. METHODS: Treatments included administration of systemic corticosteroids (oral prednisolone), local corticosteroids (mometasone nasal spray), and systemic vitamin B, respectively. A total of 192 patients participated (95 women, 97 men; mean age 56 years). Duration of the smell loss ranged from 1 to 288 months (average 45 months). Olfactory dysfunction was due to infections of the upper respiratory tract (n = 72), sinunasal disease (n = 19), and posttraumatic olfactory loss (n = 10); the largest portion was classified as idiopathic (n = 85); other causes were rare (n = 6). RESULTS: Following systemic administration of corticosteroids improvement of olfactory function was observed (p < 0.001). Similarly, improvement of the sense of smell was found 2 (p = 0.03) and 6 months (p = 0.001) after local administration of mometasone, respectively. In contrast, after administration of vitamin B no significant change of olfactory function was seen after 2 months, while improvement was present after 6 months (p = 0.001). Duration of olfactory dysfunction had no effect on changes of smell function. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that improvement of olfactory function is found in olfactory dysfunction of different causes. Adequately controlled, blinded studies are needed to further explore potential effects of the various treatments.

Administration, Intranasal↗

[Thermal stress on the healthy laryngeal mucosa caused by CO(2) laser treatments].

BACKGROUND: The carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser in endolaryngeal surgery is a successful tool because of its implementation of the thermally induced hematostatic incision technique. We investigated the problem of thermal damage of surrounding tissue during laser surgery. Until now a potential damage of surrounding healthy mucosa caused by laser surgery through general heating up, hot gases and steam has scarcely been noticed. During prolonged tumor surgery the tender mucosa of the surrounding healthy tissue can be irreversible affected and damaged due to thermal exposure above 45 degrees C. METHOD: The study was performed on the larynx of a pig cadaver. Temperature probes were placed under the epithelium of the vocal cords on the opposite side of the surgical field to detect any increase in temperature during laser application. RESULTS: A rise in temperature of up to 32 degrees C was observed in the vocal cord opposite the surgical field after 70 s of laser surgery (output power: 4 W, continuous wave mode) even with continuous aspiration. Protection of the healthy mucosa against thermal radiation caused a rise in temperature of only 3.5 degrees C. An increase in temperature of up to 16.1 degrees C was observed, if intermittent exposures (output power: 4 W, pulse length: 0.5 second, repeat time: 0.1 second) were used. CONCLUSION: Transferring the presented cadaver studies to in vivo surgery, the laryngologist should take into account heating of collateral healthy tissue up to 69 degrees C (37 degrees C body temperature plus 32 degrees C heating by thermal radiation).

Animals↗

[Interstitial Nd:YAG laser therapy. Color-Doppler imaging (CDI)-guided laser therapy of hemangiomas and vascular malformations].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound-(US-) guided Nd:YAG laser therapy has been reported to be promising among different other options for treatment of hemangiomas and vascular malformations. The concept of CDI-guided interstitial laser therapy is therefore a further development based on the above mentioned therapeutic regime. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 55 patients suffering from vascular lesions of different localization and extent pre-, intra-, and post-operatively using color-Doppler imaging (CDI). All vascular lesions were classified due to their vascularization pattern. As accurate diagnosis was imperative we decided on possible laser treatment depending on the CDI-classification. RESULTS: Intra-operative use of CDI rendered possible fiber-guidance by sonographic navigation and therefore precise treatment of aberrant vessels and well-perfused tumor areas. In 34 cases (62%) we observed complete, in 21 cases (38%) partial regression of vascular lesions. CDI allowed post-operative proof of diminution of tumor vascularization in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: CDI-guided interstitial Nd:YAG laser therapy is a minimally-invasive technique which allows replacement of conventional surgical procedures while achieving good cosmetic and functional results.CDI broadens the therapeutic possibilities in contrast to the former therapeutic concept of US-guided laser therapy due to pre-, intra and post-operative utilization of this imaging technique while significantly diminishing the intra-operative risk for the patient.

Adolescent↗

Effects of the form of glasses on the perception of wine flavors: a study in untrained subjects.

Many wine connoisseur claim that the glass shape has a direct impact on wine aroma. This hypothesis was investigated in healthy volunteers (85 m, 96 f; age 19-73 years); 89 subjects received red wine, 92 subjects white wine. Subjects compared three glasses with a white wine and three glasses with a red. Glasses were of different shape but of the same height and of comparable opening diameter. All glasses had elegant stems; two glasses of 'tulip' and 'beaker'-like shapes were used in sessions with red and white wines. Different bulbous glasses were used in either red or white wine sessions. Subjects were blinded whether they received one or more wines. Intensity, hedonic tone, and quality of the wines were rated repeatedly before and after drinking. Ratings of wine odors from different glasses were influenced by glass shape. Importantly, this appeared not to relate to the esthetic impression the glasses made. Thus, the present data indicate that the shape of glasses seems to influence the perception of wine odors.

Cooking and Eating Utensils↗

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of cholesteatoma in pediatric and adult patients who have undergone middle ear surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging combined with conventional MR imaging for the detection of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma in patients who have undergone middle ear surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients who had undergone resection of cholesteatoma were referred for MR imaging. MR imaging (1.5 T) was performed using a diffusion-weighted single-shot spin-echo echoplanar sequence, a proton density and T2-weighted double-echo turbo spin-echo sequence, and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences before and after IV injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol/kg of body weight). An experienced reviewer evaluated the diffusion-weighted MR images for the presence of a high-signal-intensity cholesteatoma. Imaging findings were correlated with findings from surgery in 17 patients and with findings from clinical follow-up examination in five patients. RESULTS: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging combined with conventional MR imaging depicted 10 of 13 cholesteatomas (sensitivity, 77%). The three lesions that were missed were smaller than 5 mm. All the MR images of patients without cholesteatoma were correctly interpreted as showing negative findings for cholesteatoma (specificity, 100%). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging combined with conventional MR imaging can confirm residual or recurrent cholesteatoma in patients who have undergone middle ear surgery by showing a high-signal-intensity lesion. Because tumors smaller than 5 mm may be missed, a diffusion-weighted MR imaging study with negative findings does not exclude small residual or recurrent cholesteatoma.

Adult↗

Modulation of TNF and GM-CSF release from dispersed human nasal polyp cells and human whole blood by inhibitors of different PDE isoenzymes and glucocorticoids.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the inhibitors of different PDE isoenzymes (PDE 1-5) on the production of two pro-inflammatory cytokines - tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Two in vitro models were used to compare the antiinflammatory properties of PDE inhibitors with that of glucocorticoids. The effect on TNF release from diluted human blood following lipopolysaccharide (LPS from Salmonella abortus equi) stimulation as well as the GM-CSF and TNF release from human nasal polyp cells following allergic stimulation were investigated. Both models proofed to be well suited for the characterisation of the antiinflammatory properties of new chemical entities. In diluted human blood and dispersed human nasal polyp cells the induced TNF release was most potently suppressed by selective PDE4 inhibitors. Amrinone and milrinone, selective PDE3 inhibitors, suppressed TNF secretion to a lesser extent. The effects of theophylline (unspecific PDE inhibitor), vinpocetine (PDE1 inhibitor), EHNA (PDE2 inhibitor) and the PDE5 inhibitors zaprinast and E 4021 were weak. In human blood, the tested glucocorticoids beclomethasone, dexamethasone and fluticasone inhibited the LPS induced TNF release potently in a concentration dependent manner, whereas in dispersed human nasal polyp cells, the effect of the glucocorticoids on allergically induced TNF release, with the exception of dexamethasone, was much less pronounced. Glucocorticoids were the most potent inhibitors of GM-CSF release and the effect correlates well with the affinity to the glucocorticoid receptor. The selective PDE 4 inhibitors, and to a certain extent the PDE3 inhibitors amrinone and milrinone, reduced the GM-CSF release in a concentration dependent manner. In all investigations selective PDE4 inhibitors reduced TNF release to a much higher degree (4-10 fold) than GM-CSF release.

Blood↗