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Ka-Li Kwok

Publications and source records attributed to Ka-Li Kwok.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

An update on childhood snoring.

UNLABELLED: Habitual snoring or daily snoring is a symptom of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children and it is reported in about 10% of children. SDB includes primary snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), obstructive hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Classification of SDB in a particular snoring child requires an overnight polysomnography (PSG). Manual scoring of PSG is mandatory in children. Risk factors for SDB include allergic rhinitis, passive smoking, obesity, dysmorphic syndromes and neuromuscular disorders. CONCLUSION: Treatment includes general measures like treatment of allergic rhinitis, weight reduction in obese children, and avoidance of sleep deprivation. Specific measures include removal of adenoid and tonsils. Complications of SDB include neurocognitive impairment, hypertension and failure to thrive.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP in snoring children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a known risk factor for hypertension in adults. This relationship is less clear in childhood OSAS. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between OSAS and 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP), a more accurate assessment than casual BP, in children with snoring. METHODS: Snoring children aged 6 to 15 years who underwent polysomnography in the sleep laboratory were recruited. MEASUREMENT: Twenty-four-hour ABP monitoring was initiated a few hours before polysomnography. The children were classified into two groups: a high apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) group (obstructive AHI > 5/h), and a low-AHI group (AHI < or = 5/h). Mean sleep, wake, and 24-h systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were recorded. A child was considered a "nondipper" if his or her mean SBP and DBP did not decrease by >/= 10% during sleep. RESULTS: Ninety-six children (mean age +/- SD, 9.4 +/- 2.8 years) were recruited. Forty-one children were obese. When awake, the high-AHI group children had a significantly higher SBP. When asleep, both SBP and DBP were higher in the high-AHI group. Age, body mass index (BMI) z score, and desaturation index (DI) were significant predictors for elevated sleep DBP. BMI z score was the only significant predictor for wake and sleep SBP. Sixteen children (17%) had hypertension, and all were nondippers. Obese children in the high-AHI group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension than obese children in the low-AHI group. This relationship was not found in nonobese children. CONCLUSION: The current study shows that increased DI contributed to the elevation of sleep DBP elevation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of sleep problems in Hong Kong primary school children: a community-based telephone survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of snoring, witnessed sleep apnea, teeth grinding, primary and secondary nocturnal enuresis, and sleep duration in Hong Kong primary school children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone questionnaire survey in a community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3,047 6- to 12-year-old apparently healthy children. INTERVENTION: Those who agreed to the study were contacted by telephone. Survey questions were asked about the symptoms of the different sleep disorders, and the frequency of each positive symptom was noted for the preceding 1 week. OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and risk factors of sleep disorders in Hong Kong primary school children. RESULTS: The prevalence of the following sleep symptoms was listed as follows: habitual snoring (10.9%), witnessed sleep apnea (1.5%), nocturnal enuresis (5.1%), and sleep teeth grinding (20.5%). Significant risk factors for habitual snoring included witnessed sleep apnea, mouth breathing during sleep, snoring in first-degree relatives, headache on rising, male gender, allergic rhinitis, and sleep teeth grinding. Significant risk factors for witnessed sleep apnea included habitual snoring, allergic rhinitis, tiredness on rising, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Poor academic results were associated with present of witnessed sleep apnea and absence of sleep teeth grinding. None of the sleep problem was associated with poor conduct results. The mean sleep duration was 8.79 h (SD 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides epidemiologic data of sleep-disordered breathing, enuresis, sleep teeth grinding, and duration of sleep in Chinese primary school children in Hong Kong.

Bruxism↗