Biomedical subjects

Kaoru Yanagida

Publications and source records attributed to Kaoru Yanagida.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Chromosomal analysis of mouse spermatozoa following physical and chemical treatments that are effective in inactivating HIV.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min, treating with 50% ethanol at room temperature for 10 min, or treating with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO) at room temperature for 60 min. Using a mouse model, we evaluated the risk of generating chromosome damage in spermatozoa following these treatments. The spermatozoa were all dead after the treatments. Although 41.3% of oocytes injected with ethanol-treated spermatozoa successfully activated, none of the oocytes injected with heated or NaClO-treated spermatozoa activated. When artificial stimulation with strontium was used, the fertilization of oocytes with heated or ethanol-treated spermatozoa was completely rescued. Sperm nuclei treated with NaClO neither decondensed nor developed to a male pronucleus. The incidences of structural chromosome aberrations in 1-cell zygotes derived from the heated spermatozoa (45.6%) and ethanol-treated spermatozoa (91.2%) were significantly higher than those in the matched controls (5.5% and 10.5%, respectively). Further study is needed to develop a methodology for the protection of spermatozoa against chromosome damage or the separation of damaged spermatozoa before intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Complete fertilization failure in ICSI.

Fertilization failure is one of the causes of infertility that becomes evident only after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have been attempted. Although the frequency of incidence of fertilization failure is low, if fertilization failure is encountered, medical treatment is usually stopped and serious psychological damage may occur to the patient. While fertilization failure in IVF can be dealt with using ICSI, there is no treatment for fertilization failure in ICSI. At present, clinical investigations are being conducted to evaluate oocyte activation in combination with ICSI to cope with fertilization failure of ICSI.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Fertilization failure from a sperm chromatin defect in couples with unexplained infertility.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between unexplained infertility and fertilization failure from nucleoprotein defects in ejaculated human sperm and to study the usefulness of sperm chromatin assays, using AO fluorescence dye, to evaluate patients with unexplained infertility before treatment. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1999 to January 2000, 513 infertile couples had the clinical causes of their infertility assessed. During the next investigative period (February 2000-February 2001), 137 cases of unexplained infertility (n = 80) were chosen for this study, as were cases of tubal factor infertility (n = 57) as controls. The status of nuclear chromatin in ejaculated sperm was examined using acridine orange staining, followed by a conventional in vitro fertilization procedure. RESULTS: The number of patients with immature ejaculated sperm was 16 of 30 (53.3%) unexplained infertility cases involving fertilization failure, 8 of 50 (16.0%) unexplained infertility cases without fertilization failure and 5 of 57 (8.8%) tubal factor infertility cases. A significant difference was observed between unexplained infertility cases with fertilization failure and the other groups (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the nuclear immaturity of ejaculated human sperm may be 1 of the primary factors underlying unexplained infertility.

Acridine Orange↗

PubMed2003

Use of diamide-acridine orange fluorescence staining to detect aberrant protamination of human-ejaculated sperm nuclei.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of human sperm nuclear chromatin on fertilization. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Assisted reproductive technology unit at a university teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): Fifty men starting an IVF-ET program. INTERVENTION(S): Epifluorescent microscopic observation of human-ejaculated sperm nuclei stained with diamide-acridine orange. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of extracted sperm nucleoproteins. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Usefulness of diamide-acridine orange in analysis of human sperm nuclear chromatin and fertilization ability. RESULT(S): There was no correlation between the semen parameters and the diamide-acridine orange observation. A positive correlation was observed between the fertilization rate after conventional IVF and the green-type increase ratio (percentage of green-pattern sperm after diamide-acridine orange staining/percentage of green-pattern sperm after acridine orange staining). Furthermore, it was suggested by SDS-PAGE that structural differences were noticed between the fertile men and the men with sperm immaturity diagnosed after diamide-acridine orange staining. CONCLUSION(S): Diamide-acridine orange staining was a more precise method for detecting chromatin abnormalities in human-ejaculated sperm and evaluating fertilization ability than acridine orange staining alone. This method can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the fertilization ability of human-ejaculated spermatozoa before IVF procedures.

Acridine Orange↗

PubMed2003

Relationship between Fertilizing Ability of Ejaculated Human Spermatozoa and Its Chromatin Heterogeneity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the fertilizing ability of ejaculated human sperm and its chromatin heterogeneity. METHOD: We used the D-AO staining method (acridine orange epifluorescence accompanied by diamide, a thiol oxidizing agent) to analyze the sperm chromatin structure of infertile patients with IVF-ET treatment. SDS-PAGE was performed to analyze the sperm nuclear proteins collected from patients with immature sperm (stained red with D-AO staining) and proven fertile men. RESULTS: 1. It was suggested that D-AO staining allowed the immature sperm to be divided into two groups. One was immature sperm, which had disturbance of S-S formation in the epididymides, and the other was sperm that which had an abnormal exchange process of nuclear proteins in the testes. 2. The stainability after D-AO staining showed no correlation with the findings of semen analysis. 3. The fertilization rate of IVF-ET was significantly correlated to the percentage of green sperm staining with D-AO staining. 4. In the pregnant group after IVF-ET, it was noticed that sperm of the green type with D-AO staining was increased in comparison with the non-pregnancy group. 5. The fertilization rate in the group of the sperm stained red with D-AO staining was increased to 73.5% by ICSI. 6. Definite differences were noticed between the protein components of the patients with immature sperm and those of the proven fertile men by analysing with SDS-PAGE. CONCLUSION: D-AO staining was an efficient method for evaluating the fertilizing ability of human ejaculated sperm, and to determine an appropriate ART tool such as ICSI.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Lack of acrosome formation in mice lacking a Golgi protein, GOPC.

The acrosome is a unique organelle that plays an important role at the site of sperm-zona pellucida binding during the fertilization process, and is lost in globozoospermia, an inherited infertility syndrome in humans. Although the acrosome is known to be derived from the Golgi apparatus, molecular mechanisms underlying acrosome formation are largely unknown. Here we show that Golgi-associated PDZ- and coiled-coil motif-containing protein (GOPC), a recently identified Golgi-associated protein, is predominantly localized at the trans-Golgi region in round spermatids, and male mice in which GOPC has been disrupted are infertile with globozoospermia. The primary defect was the fragmentation of acrosomes in early round spermatids, and abnormal vesicles that failed to fuse to developing acrosomes were apparent. In later stages, nuclear malformation and an abnormal arrangement of mitochondria, which are also characteristic features of human globozoospermia, were observed. Interestingly, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of such malformed sperm into oocytes resulted in cleavage into blastocysts only when injected oocytes were activated. Thus, GOPC provides important clues to understanding the mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis, and the GOPC-deficient mouse may be a unique and valuable model for human globozoospermia.

Acrosome↗

PubMed2002

Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism in pregnancy: case report and review of the literature.

Primary aldosteronism rarely complicates pregnancy. We present a woman with primary aldosteronism in pregnancy associated with severe preeclampsia. A 33-year-old Japanese woman with hypertension was referred to our hospital at 25 weeks of gestation. Her blood pressure was 180/100 mmHg, and laboratory tests identified a low serum potassium level and moderate proteinuria on urinalysis. The fetus was diagnosed with growth restriction. Plasma renin activity (PRA) value was 2.2 ng/mL/h and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was elevated (260 pg/mL). The patient was treated medically. At 27 weeks of gestation, we noted persistent late fetal heart rate decelerations associated with uterine contractions. Therefore, elective caesarean section was performed and she was delivered of a 698-g female. After delivery, PRA declined and PAC remained elevated. Abdominal computerized tomography scan and I131-iodochoresterol scan revealed a tumor in the left adrenal gland. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed and confirmed the clinical diagnosis.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2002

Cervical cytology during pregnancy--comparison with non-pregnant women and management of pregnant women with abnormal cytology.

To clarify the clinical significance of uterine cervical cytology during pregnancy, we analyzed the incidence of cervical cytology and its accuracy. Of the 1,593 pregnant women underwent cervical cytology, the patients with abnormal cytology were followed up and performed histological confirmation on colposcopic biopsy specimen. An incidence of abnormal cytology and cervical neoplasm during pregnancy were 1.63% (26 cases) and 0.82% (13 cases), respectively. The incidence of abnormal cytology in the pregnant women was significantly higher than that (0.9%) in mass-screened, non-pregnant 214,375 women under the age of 45 years (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference of the incidence of cervical neoplasm between in the pregnant women and in mass-screened, non-pregnant women (0.82% vs. 0.46%). The accuracy of cervical cytology during pregnancy was 45.0% and this was not significantly different from that (27.6%) in the mass-screened, non-pregnant women. Since, cervical screening cytology for uterine cervical cancer in the pregnant women as shown in this study, has an equal effectiveness to that in the mass-screened non-pregnant women, routine cervical cytology is highly recommended to performed during pregnancy. In addition, management of pregnant women with abnormal cytology was discussed in this article.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosing endometrial carcinoma with cervical involvement by cervical cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of a cervical cytologic diagnosis based on number, size and degeneration of malignant clusters and necrotic background to cervical involvement of endometrial carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical smears of 53 women with endometrial carcinoma were evaluated for cervical involvement. The cytologic diagnosis was compared with actual involvement, and accuracy was calculated. Retrospectively, cytologic features, including number, size and degeneration of malignant clusters and necrotic background, were analyzed in involved and noninvolved cases. RESULTS: Cervical involvement was confirmed in 15 patients (28.3%). The number and size of malignant clusters in the involved cases were significantly larger than those in the noninvolved cases (P < .001 and < .01, respectively). The proportion of degenerated malignant cells and necrotic background in involved cases were significantly higher than those in noninvolved cases (P < .05). Cytologic diagnosis had a sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 86.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cervical smears of involved cases revealed a large number and large size of malignant clusters. These findings support cytologic diagnosis based on number, size and degeneration of malignant cells and necrotic background. Cervical cytology is useful to exclude cervical involvement because of its high specificity and can help detect cervical involvement because of its moderately high sensitivity.

Adult↗