Biomedical subjects

Katie A Meyer

Publications and source records attributed to Katie A Meyer.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Trends in the Prevalence of Foods High in Saturated Fats, Sodium, and Added Sugars among U.S. adults, NHANES 2007-2018.

BACKGROUND: Foods and beverages high in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugars (HFSS) are often ultra-processed and linked to poor health outcomes, but few studies have investigated their intake. OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in the intake of HFSS foods and beverages between 2007 and 2018 in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, by sociodemographic characteristics and What We Eat in America food groups. DESIGN: This is a secondary, cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The final sample included 27,984 adults 19 years of age or older from NHANES with at least one complete dietary recall. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes are the percentage of total energy intake from foods classified as HFSS according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Nutrient Profile Model. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: To estimate the percentage of energy intake from foods and beverages HFSS, linear regression models with interaction terms between cycles and covariates were used. RESULTS: The overall intake of foods and beverages HFSS did not change, representing over 60% of the total energy intake between 2007-2010 and 2015-2018. The intake of foods and beverages high in sodium increased by 2.0 percentage points (95% CI: 0.5, 3.5) and 3.5 percentage points (95% CI: 1.1, 5.8), respectively. The intake of foods and beverages high in saturated fats increased by 6.1 percentage points (95% CI: 4.5, 7.6) and 6.1 percentage points (95% CI: 3.9, 8.2), respectively. The intake of foods and beverages high in added sugars did not change. CONCLUSION: In the U.S., intake of HFSS foods and beverages is high. Future research should focus on whether public health interventions and policies might reduce the intake of foods high in nutrients of concern.

Added sugars↗

PubMed2004

Smoking and the risk of oral clefts: exploring the impact of study designs.

BACKGROUND: Maternal cigarette smoking is a suspected cause of oral clefts, although this association has not been firmly established. We used case-crossover, case-time-control, and bidirectional case-crossover designs to supplement findings from a case-control study of maternal smoking and oral clefts among offspring in a large birth registry. METHODS: Data are from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. From 1983 through 1997 there were 678 recorded cases of cleft palate and 1175 cases of cleft lip with or without palate. Maternal smoking status was ascertained in early pregnancy. Controls for the case-control study were a random sample of infants born without a cleft; controls for the case-crossover designs were nonmalformed infants born to case mothers. RESULTS: Cleft palate was positively associated with maternal smoking in all study designs, whereas cleft lip with or without cleft palate was associated with smoking only in the case-control design. In the case-control design, the odds ratios for cleft palate were 1.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.5) for women who smoked 1 to 9 cigarettes per day and 1.4 (1.1-1.8) for women who smoked 10+ cigarettes per day. In the case-time-control analysis, the odds ratio for cleft palate with maternal smoking was 3.2 (1.3-7.4) and in the bidirectional case-crossover design, the odds ratio was 2.2 (1.1-4.1). CONCLUSIONS: An association between smoking and cleft palate was supported by all designs, whereas that between smoking and cleft lip with or without cleft palate was not. Case-only designs are a viable option in birth registries and may yield more information than a case-control design alone.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Low maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and oral clefts in offspring: the Slone Birth Defects Study.

BACKGROUND: The association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and oral clefts in offspring remains unclear. We studied this relation in a case-control surveillance study of birth defects. METHODS: From 1983 to 1997, we recruited 5956 study subjects from greater Boston, Philadelphia, Toronto, and parts of Iowa. The cases were liveborn infants with cleft palate alone (CP; n = 205), cleft lip and palate (CLP; n = 383), cleft lip alone (CL; n = 259), or Pierre-Robin sequence (n = 65). The controls (n = 4272) were infants who had no oral clefts but had one or more of the following defects: malformations of the digestive tract, reproductive organs, abdominal wall, and respiratory tract; chromosomal anomalies; inguinal hernia; tumors; and Mendelian inherited disorders. Based on maternal reports of alcohol consumption during the first 4 months of pregnancy, we derived average weekly consumption, average number of drinks per drinking day, and the maximum number of drinks consumed in a given day. The mothers also provided data on potential confounding or modifying variables, such as vitamin supplement use. RESULTS: There was no relation between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and CL or CP. The odds ratios (ORs) for cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) were 1.0, 1.1, and 0.9 in women who consumed <1.0, 1.0-2.9, and 3.0 + drinks per week, respectively. These findings did not change when we considered possible modifying effects of vitamin supplement use. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support an association between oral clefts and a low level of alcohol consumption.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Response to montelukast among subgroups of children aged 2 to 14 years with asthma.

BACKGROUND: Determining who responds to asthma therapies, particularly leukotriene modifiers, continues to be explored. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify patient characteristics predictive of response to montelukast. METHODS: We used data from 2 clinical trials in which children with asthma received either montelukast or placebo. Symptoms, beta-agonist use, and unanticipated health resource use caused by asthma were recorded in validated daily diaries for children 2 to 5 (n = 689) and 6 to 14 (n = 336) years old. We defined primary end points of days without asthma in 2- to 5-year-old patients (24 hours without symptoms, beta-agonist use, or asthma attack) and change in percent predicted FEV(1) in 6- to 14-year-old children. Asthma attack was defined by the use of rescue oral corticosteroids or by an unscheduled visit to a medical provider. Patients were grouped according to baseline characteristics, such as family history of asthma, personal history of allergy, frequency of asthma symptoms, eosinophilia, and concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroids or cromolyn. We examined the stratum-specific effects of montelukast on the percentage of days without asthma, change in percent predicted FEV(1), asthma attack, and a variety of secondary symptom and FEV(1) end points. RESULTS: We did not identify characteristics that predicted response to montelukast in either preschool or 6- to 14-year-old children. These findings were consistent across all symptom and FEV(1) outcomes. There was also no differential response to montelukast in either age group when asthma attack was the outcome. CONCLUSION: The patient characteristics studied do not appear to provide an indication of who will benefit most from treatment with montelukast.

Acetates↗

PubMed2003

Alcohol consumption patterns and HbA1c, C-peptide and insulin concentrations in men.

OBJECTIVE: Observational studies support inverse associations between moderate alcohol consumption and fasting insulin concentrations, but the importance of drinking pattern on the effect of alcohol on insulin sensitivity has not been fully explored. We examined the relations of alcohol consumption patterns-including average daily consumption, frequency of consumption and drinking with meals-to fasting insulin, fasting c-peptide and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 462 disease-free men selected from the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study to provide information on a range of drinking patterns. Study participants were 48 to 82 years of age who provided a blood sample and detailed information on diet, life-style and alcohol consumption patterns in 1994. Among the study participants, 267 men provided a fasting blood sample and contributed to the analyses of insulin and c-peptide. RESULTS: Biologic markers were not strongly related to average alcohol consumption. Compared to abstainers, differences in insulin concentrations-all statistically non-significant-were 0.06, 1.25, 1.02, and 0.12 micro U/mL for consumers of <1, 1-1.9, 2-2.9, 3+ drinks per day, respectively. The frequency of alcohol consumption was inversely related to fasting c-peptide and insulin concentrations after controlling for average alcohol consumption and other potential confounding variables. Compared to men who reported consuming alcohol one to three days per week, c-peptide concentrations were 0.08 ng/mL and 0.29 ng/mL lower (p-trend = 0.04) in men who reported consuming alcohol on four to five days per week and six to seven days per week, respectively. Men who consumed alcohol on most days also had lower fasting insulin levels than more irregular drinkers (p-trend = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that frequent alcohol consumption is inversely related to fasting c-peptide and insulin concentrations.

Adult↗