Katsuhisa Ando | PubMed Health

PubMed2002

Neural damage in the lenticular nucleus linked with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a preliminary study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

We investigated, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), whether the tardive dyskinesia (TD) often seen in schizophrenic patients is associated with cellular abnormalities in the basal ganglia system. The subjects in this study included schizophrenic patients with TD (TD group, n=7), schizophrenic patients without TD (non-TD group, n=7), and healthy volunteers (N group, n=7). We examined the 1H-MRS peaks of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) in the regions of the left and right lenticular nucleus. In the left lenticular nucleus, the Cho/Cr ratio was significantly greater in the TD and non-TD groups than in the N group (Mann-Whitney U test; p<0.007 and p<0.006, respectively). Further, a significant linear trend was observed in the means of the ratio across the three groups (p<0.005); the TD group was the highest, the N group the lowest, and the non-TD group intermediate. No significant difference in the NAA/Cr ratio was found among groups. These results indicate that neural abnormalities in the basal ganglia may be linked with the neuroleptic medications and the process of the fundamental illness per se, and that more excessive damage to this neural substrate may lead to development of TD. However, as this is a preliminary study, further studies with a large number of subjects are required to verify our findings.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Delayed and advanced sleep phase symptoms.

Current criteria for circadian rhythm sleep disorders require a mismatch between the endogenous circadian sleep tendency and exogenous environmental requirements for sleep timing. To examine the prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders by DSM-IV criteria, sleep complaints and objectively-measured sleep timing were sampled in a population aged 40-64 years. Randomly selected volunteers were interviewed concerning sleep complaints. Then, objective sleep timing was estimated from wrist activity recordings and environmental illumination data. In this age group, advance-related complaints (trouble staying awake until bedtime and troubled by waking up early in the morning) were found together in 7.4%. Less prevalent were delay-related complaints reported together in 3.1% (trouble falling asleep and trouble waking up in the morning). However, no significant correlations or clusters were found pairing these sleep complaints with recorded sleep timing. The distributions of objectively-recorded lights-out times and arising times were consistently later than the questionnaire-reported times. Thus, complaints suggesting circadian rhythm advance or delay mismatches were common, but evidently such complaints do not usually correspond with objective abnormalities of observed sleep timing.

Circadian Rhythm↗