Biomedical subjects

Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata

Publications and source records attributed to Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

The effects of Tai Chi Chuan on physiological function and fear of falling in the less robust elderly: an intervention study for preventing falls.

The aim of this report is to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of intensive Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) training on physiological function and fear of falling (FOF) in the less-robust elderly. Forty-nine community-dwelling elderly, aged 60 or older, were classified randomly into a TCC training or control group. Physical performance measures (including one-leg stance, trunk flexion, and walking speed) and interviews were conducted before and after the intervention. The TCC group showed significant improvements in balance and flexibility, and a reduced FOF, when compared with the control group after the intervention. However, walking speed did not change significantly. The results suggest that a high-frequency, short-term TCC training program can improve balance, flexibility, and increase the confidence of less-robust elderly. These suggest the effectiveness of TCC for intervention as a means to prevent falling among high-risk elderly populations.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed2005

[Nonpharmacological prevention and treatment for osteoporosis].

Treatment of osteoporosis includes prevention for further bone loss, treatment of fracture-related pain, building bone mass, and modifying behavior to prevent fracture and/or falls. Improvement of nutritional intake to prevent bone loss, increasing physical activity or exercise training to prevent bone loss or occurrence of falls and/or fracture, and modifying environmental risk factors are essential as nonpharmacological treatment for osteoporosis. The combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic intervention is fundamental to the management of osteoporosis.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Effects of daily activity recorded by pedometer on peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), ventilatory threshold and leg extension power in 30- to 69-year-old Japanese without exercise habit.

The relationships among walk steps, exercise habits and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), ventilatory threshold (VT) and leg extension power (LEP) were examined in 709 apparently healthy Japanese subjects (male 372, female 337) aged 30-69 years. Walk steps were evaluated using a pedometer. VO2peak and VT were assessed by a cycle ergometer test, while LEP was measured with an isokinetic leg extension system (Combi, Anaero Press 3500, Japan). Subjects who participated in exercise three times or more a week demonstrated significantly greater VO2peak and VT when compared with subjects without exercise habits. When a separate analysis was conducted on subjects who exercised fewer than three times per week, we found that the subgroup with the highest number of walk steps showed significantly greater VT in all male subjects and female subjects aged 30-49 years, but a significantly greater VO2peak only in females aged 30-49 years, when compared to the subgroup with the fewest walk steps. These results suggest that although some people exercise less than three times a week, if they are quite active in daily life, such activities might also confer benefits upon their fitness.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2003

How much exercise is required to reduce blood pressure in essential hypertensives: a dose-response study.

BACKGROUND: Regular aerobic exercise is widely recommended for essential hypertensives. However, it is not clear how much exercise is needed to reduce blood pressure (BP). METHODS: The dose-response relation of exercise training and BP was determined using an 8-week exercise intervention study involving 207 untreated subjects with stage 1 or 2 essential hypertension. Subjects were divided into five groups based on the duration and frequency/week of exercise (sedentary control, 30 to 60 min/wk, 61 to 90 min/wk, 91 to 120 min/wk, and >120 min/wk). Age, gender, height, body mass, body mass index, dietary intake, and baseline BP were not different among the groups. RESULTS: Both systolic and diastolic BP at rest did not change in the nonexercising control group. All four exercise groups demonstrated significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic BP at rest. The magnitude of reductions in systolic BP was greater in the 61 to 90 min/wk group compared with the 30 to 60 min/wk group. There were no greater reductions in systolic BP with further increases in exercise volume. The magnitude of reductions in diastolic BP was not significantly different among four exercise groups. There were no obvious relations between exercise frequency per week and the magnitude of BP decreases with exercise training. CONCLUSIONS: In previously sedentary hypertensive subjects, clinically significant decreases in BP can be achieved with relatively modest increases in physical activity above sedentary levels and that the volume of exercise required to reduce BP may be relatively small that should be reasonably attainable by a sedentary hypertensive population.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Activity diary method for predicting energy expenditure as evaluated by a whole-body indirect human calorimeter.

In comparison with the energy expenditure determined by a whole-body indirect human calorimeter, which provides 24-h energy expenditure (TEE) with high precision and accuracy, the accuracy of predicting energy expenditure (EE) using an activity diary (AD) method was evaluated. Observed and predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) as well as literature values for typical physical activities were used for TEE prediction. The effect of the number of recorded items in the activity diary on the accuracy of TEE was also examined. Additionally, predicted EE was divided into sleeping, exercise, and sedentary EE to evaluate the estimation errors in the AD method. Subjects were 20- to 69-y-old Japanese women (n = 20) and men (n= 21). Predicted TEE based on the AD was derived by applying the observed or predicted BMR to literature values for physical activities; i.e., relative metabolic rate (R.M.R.), physical activity ratio (PAR), and metabolic equivalent (MET). The BMR value observed for each subject was obtained by indirect calorimetry using a Douglas bag. The BMR for the subject was also estimated from the predictive equations in the 6th revision of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for the Japanese (1999). The correlations between observed and predicted TEE appeared stronger when using observed BMR than those using predicted BMR. Although the difference of mean values between the predicted and observed TEE was small, the limits of agreement between the predicted and observed TEE were around +/- 400 kcal. Predicted EE, excluding the time periods for exercise and rest laying down when determining BMR, showed similar results to those of TEE. Furthermore, the number of recorded items in the AD was not significantly correlated to the accuracy of the predicted TEE (r = -0.03). These findings indicate that the predicted TEE of the AD using observed or predicted BMR and literature values is favorably comparable to observed TEE using a whole-body human calorimeter on a group basis; however, its use as a proxy measure of TEE or EE on an individual basis may be limited.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Is a Type A behavior pattern associated with falling among the community-dwelling elderly?

The aim of this report is to investigate the relationship between Type A behavior patterns and the likelihood of falling among community-dwelling elderly, and to compare differences in the prevalence, reasons, locations, injuries and frequency of falls between Type A and non-Type A personalities. Persons aged 60 or older living in 3 communities of Nanjing, China participated in a baseline survey conducted in 2000 (n=879), and falling incidents were followed for 1 year. The survey employed a self-administered questionnaire designed to elicit demographic data, current health problems and medications taken, intake of alcohol, exercise habits, physical function, environmental hazards and Type A behavior patterns. Several factors associated with falling such as health condition, physical function and environmental factors did not differ between the Type A and non-Type A groups except in the male tendency toward heart disease and their inability to walk fast. The results of logistic regression analyses showed that a Type A behavior pattern was independently associated with falling in males but not in females. Findings in the present study suggest that a Type A behavior pattern might play an important role in the rate of falling incidents in elderly males, since some characteristics of this personality pattern might lead to risk-taking behavior. More studies are needed to evaluate the association of certain behavior patterns with falling incidents.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in metacarpal bone mineral density with age and menopause using computed X-ray densitometry in Japanese women: cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss with age and menopause is widely accepted in elderly women. However, only a few studies have utilized a multiple regression model that includes physical characteristics to assess comprehensive lifetime changes in BMD. OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was conducted to characterize the normal patterns in metacarpal BMD changes in Japanese women, and to assess the applicability of a fitting model using cross-sectional data compared with longitudinal variability. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 5422 healthy women in cross-sectional data and a 1-year follow-up of 359 women. The metacarpal BMD was measured by computed X-ray densitometry. Multiple linear and nonlinear regression analyses were performed in cross-sectional subjects. Nonparametric analysis was used to compare percentage rates of BMD changes between actual and estimated values. RESULTS: The cross-sectional data showed that the best-fit equation was a nonlinear change model using the variables of age and height in premenopausal women, and years since menopause (YSM), age and height in postmenopausal women. The results of longitudinal data indicated the following. In premenopausal women, the actual BMD changes were greater in the 30-39 age group than the 20-29 age group and were less in the 50-59 group than the 40-49 group. The rates of annual change in BMD between the actual value and estimated value by change model were very similar. In postmenopausal women, the actual changes in BMD indicated that the rapid rate of reduction observed was over 3% at 0-5 YSM and 1.5% at 6-10 YSM, and thereafter showed a slower rate of decline at 11 YSM. The change model represented the trend of actual change in BMD for postmenopausal women, whereas the rates of estimated BMD loss underestimated the actual changes at 1-10 YSM. CONCLUSION: The change model for premenopausal women using cross-sectional data is beneficial in evaluating the actual metacarpal BMD variability, whereas that for postmenopausal women is insufficient in estimating the longitudinal BMD variability.

Adult↗