Problems in blood alcohol testing of severely injured drivers brought to emergency departments in Japan.
Breath alcohol tests are widely used to control DUI (driving under the influence) in Japan. However, this test is not applied to injured drivers transported to emergency hospitals. In such cases, BAC (blood alcohol concentration) testing should be done to prove DUI. In this paper, we tried to clarify two important issues on the BAC testing in Japan using a questionnaire survey and experiments about contamination of antiseptic ethanol. First, we have described the doctor's dilemma with DUI cases; our present questionnaire survey showed that the police often request the doctor to volunteer blood samples of the suspected drunk drivers brought to emergency hospitals since they have not been granted the right to order blood sampling in Japan. Then, doctors face a serious dilemma whether comply with the police request or not, resulting in widely different responses. Secondly, we have estimated the effects of antiseptic ethanol routinely used as a dermal antiseptic on the BAC tests. Our present experiments showed that uptake of ethanol can occur under certain conditions. Given the actual conditions outlined in the questionnaire, there seem to be a definite risk of ethanol contamination in BAC testing. Obviously, the time has come to discuss problems in BAC testing of injured drivers brought to emergency hospitals in Japan.