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Biomedical subjects

Kenichi Nakamura

Publications and source records attributed to Kenichi Nakamura.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Quality of life with palbociclib plus tamoxifen in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: results from PATHWAY, an Asian international, double-blind, randomized phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: In the Asian international PATHWAY trial, palbociclib-tamoxifen demonstrated improved progression-free survival compared with placebo-tamoxifen in patients with HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (ABC). This analysis compared quality of life (QoL) between treatment arms. METHODS: Pre/peri or postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- ABC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive palbociclib-tamoxifen or placebo-tamoxifen. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed on day 1 of cycles 1 (baseline), 4, and 7, and at the end of treatment (EOT) using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires. Least-square mean (LSM) changes in scores from baseline were calculated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate time to deterioration (TTD) in the minimally important difference (MID) in the pain subscale. RESULTS: In the comparison between treatment arms, no significant differences were observed in LSM changes in scores from baseline in global QoL (cycle 4: 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): -5.00, 6.41]; cycle 7: 2.17 [95% CI: -4.14, 8.48]; EOT: -5.19 [95% CI: -11.64, 1.26]). For both the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 functional and symptom subscales, no clinically meaningful differences between treatment arms were found in the LSM changes in scores from baseline. Median TTD in the MID in the pain subscale was 32.5 months (95% CI: 11.7, not estimable) for the palbociclib-tamoxifen arm and 21.2 months (95% CI: 5.5, 43.5) for the placebo-tamoxifen arm (hazard ratio = 0.729 [95% CI: 0.467, 1.138]). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of palbociclib and tamoxifen delayed deterioration in patients' QoL while they experienced reduced risk for disease progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03423199; study registration date: February 6, 2018.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Micturitional disturbance due to labial adhesion as a cause of vaginal implantation of bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Vaginal implantation of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare finding, with few cases reported in the literature. This is the first reported case of vaginal implantation of bladder urothelial carcinoma thought to be due to micturitional disturbances secondary to labial adhesion. The authors propose that implantation via pooled urine in the vagina may have occurred, and suggest that labial adhesion be treated in patients with urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, even if asymptomatic.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2005

Desulfurization reactions on Ni2P(001) and alpha-Mo2C(001) surfaces: complex role of P and C sites.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles density-functional calculations were used to study the interaction of thiophene, H(2)S, and S(2) with Ni(2)P(001), alpha-Mo(2)C(001), and polycrystalline MoC. In general, the reactivity of the surfaces increases following the sequence MoC < Ni(2)P(001) < alpha-Mo(2)C(001). At 300 K, thiophene does not adsorb on MoC. In contrast, Ni(2)P(001) and alpha-Mo(2)C(001) can dissociate the molecule easily. The key to establish a catalytic cycle for desulfurization is in the removal of the decomposition products of thiophene (C(x)H(y) fragments and S) from these surfaces. Our experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the rate-determining step in a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process is the transformation of adsorbed sulfur into gaseous H(2)S. Ni(2)P is a better catalyst for HDS than Mo(2)C or MoC. The P sites in the phosphide play a complex and important role. First, the formation of Ni-P bonds produces a weak "ligand effect" (minor stabilization of the Ni 3d levels and a small Ni --> P charge transfer) that allows a high activity for the dissociation of thiophene and molecular hydrogen. Second, the number of active Ni sites present in the surface decreases due to an "ensemble effect" of P, which prevents the system from deactivation induced by high coverages of strongly bound S. Third, the P sites are not simple spectators and provide moderate bonding to the products of the decomposition of thiophene and the H adatoms necessary for hydrogenation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of prognostic significance in extracapsular spread of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Extracapsular spread of lymph node metastasis has been shown as a negative prognostic factor in cancers of several other organs. This study was performed to clarify the prognostic significance of extracapsular spread in patients receiving curative resection for gastric cancer. METHODS: Extracapsular spread was defined as infiltration of cancer cells beyond the capsule of the metastatic lymph node. Four hundred and two patients who underwent curative gastrectomy were evaluated. Eight potential prognostic factors, including the International Union Against Cancer (Union International Contra la Cancrum; [UICC]) N stage and nodal status classified by the presence of lymph node metastasis or extracapsular spread, were examined. RESULTS: Three survival curves grouped by nodal status differed significantly, and prognosis of patients with extracapsular spread was significantly worse than for the other groups. Both UICC N stage ( P < .001) and nodal status ( P < .001) were significant prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. UICC N stages were subcategorized by nodal status, and survival was shown to be significantly worse in patients with extracapsular spread in the UICC N1 group ( P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Extracapsular spread was a significant negative prognostic indicator on multivariate analysis, and may be useful in combination with UICC N stage. Extracapsular spread was regarded as an important indicator to refine the nodal staging system in gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Small intestinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review].

We report a case of small intestinal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a 57-year-old female. The patient had undergone partial nephrectomy for a right RCC (pT1aN0M0) in June 1997. She later developed multiple metastases, in the lungs, brain, and bone, and was admitted with nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss in April 2003. She presented with melaena a few weeks after her admission and a computed tomographic scan revealed a small bowel mass that was not definitively diagnosed. We removed the mass surgically, and the histological features confirmed the diagnosis as metastatic RCC. The patient recovered and could consume, but died of brain metastases 102 days after the surgery. Metastasis of RCC in the small bowel is a rare entity clinically. To our knowledge, this is only the 20th case of small intestinal metastasis from RCC reported in the Japanese and English literature.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

[A case of advanced gastric cancer successfully treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of combined weekly paclitaxel and doxifluridine (5'-DFUR)].

We report a case of advanced gastric cancer with metastasis to the paraaortic lymph nodes that showed a remarkable response to treatment with a combination of weekly paclitaxel and doxifluridine (5'-DFUR). The patient was a 72-year-old man. Oral chemotherapy of TS-1 was discontinued due to drug induced eruption. Alternatively, we administered weekly paclitaxel/5'-DFUR combination therapy. Paclitaxel was infused at a dose of 100-130 mg after short premedication and continued for 2-3 weeks with a 1 week rest. 5'-DFUR was administered orally at a dose of 800 mg/day for 14-21 consecutive days. After 4 courses of this therapy, the primary carcinoma and lymph nodes decreased in size (PR). Consequently, the patient underwent a total gastrectomy with paraaortic lymph node dissection, which resulted in a curative resection of the cancer cells macroscopically. Except for afebrile neutropenia (grade 4), no major adverse reactions were observed. Histological examination revealed that the cancer cells were degenerated to a moderate extent. Weekly paclitaxel/5'-DFUR combination may be a promising regimen for patients with advanced gastric cancer as preoperative chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[Efficacy of weekly administration of paclitaxel for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination].

We report 3 gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination who failed to take TS-1 due to adverse effects and who were successfully treated with weekly paclitaxel administered intravenously. The patients were 2 men and 1 woman from 73 to 82 years in age. The histological types of gastric cancer were undifferentiated adenocarcinoma in all cases. Intravenous infusion of TXL (62-80 mg/m2) after short premedication was continued for 3 weeks followed by 1 week rest. Clinical symptoms, including ascites and intestinal obstruction, improved only after administration of 1 cycle in all patients. Except for 1 event with grade 3 neutropenia, no major adverse reactions were observed. Weekly administration of paclitaxel may be a promising chemotherapy for controlling peritoneal metastasis and improving the quality of life of patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

The mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation in Werner's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The contribution of the A3243G mutation in mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) to diabetes mellitus (DM) in Werner's syndrome (WS) was studied. PATIENTS AND METHOD: DNA samples from peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) originating from 24 Japanese WS patients aged 30-56 were used. For control, 239 subjects aged 15-95 were also used. The mtDNA was amplified using specific primers. After HaeIII digestion, the ratio of the A3243G mutation was compared. RESULTS: The ratio of the A3243G mutation is 0.45+/-0.13% in WS, which is statistically insignificant from those in the control groups at various age. The mutation types of WRN in genomic DNA did not affect the ratio of the A3243G mtDNA mutation. No significant difference was observed concerning to the ratios among the WS patients with and without DM, and also controls. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the ratios of A3243G mutation among controls from various age groups. CONCLUSION: The A3243G mutation in mtDNA does not accumulated in WBCs from WS. Mitochondria A3243G mutation may not contribute to the pathogenesis of DM observed in WS.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of the level of mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation in esophageal epithelium and myocardium from individuals of very advanced age.

The A3243G mutation, one of the changes of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that accumulates in cells during aging, is a useful marker for investigating the aging of cells. We measured the mutation level of the mtDNA A3243G mutation using DNAs from two different tissues (esophageal epithelium and myocardium) from advanced elderly individuals. The mean level of the A3243G mutation for the esophageal epithelium was 0.0063+/-0.0019, and that for the myocardium was 0.0098+/-0.0031. The mutation level in the myocardium was significantly higher than that in the esophageal epithelium, indicating that more mtDNA A3243G mutations accumulated in the myocardium than in the esophageal epithelium. Since the myocardium is static with respect to cell turnover, but in the esophageal epithelium renewal is very rapid, it is possible that the mtDNA A3243G mutation in the myocardium accumulates more rapidly than in the esophageal epithelium. This phenomenon may reflect the difference in the longevity of cells in each of these tissues and their different levels of oxidative stress.

Aged↗