Biomedical subjects

Kenji Oboshi

Publications and source records attributed to Kenji Oboshi.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Practical tips for modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia in cattle.

Segmental dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia has been considered difficult to perform. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not it is difficult for beginners to learn how to do modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia of cattle. Thirty cattle were divided into two groups, young (n = 8) and adult (n = 22), according to their age and body weight, and 0.12% new methylene blue (NMB) was injected into the first interlumbar (L1.L2) epidural space by four fifth-year veterinary school students who had never performed this method. After a 1 hour lecture on the modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia procedure which included basic anatomy and skills, each student successfully performed the procedure. In the young group, the NMB solution was distributed between the periosteum and the epidural fat (BPF) in one half and between the epidural fat and the dura mater (BFD) in the other half of the cattle. In about 60% (13/22) of the adult group, the NMB solution distributed as BFD type. This study showed that the modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia procedure is easy for beginners to perform if they overcome their fear about the deeper insertion of the epidural needle with basic anatomical knowledge and a little experience.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2005

A female pseudohermaphrodite Holstein heifer with gonadal mosaicism.

An 11-month-old Holstein heifer diagnosed as a female pseudohermaphrodite (PH) was subjected to clinical, hormonal, histological, and cytogenetic examinations. The urogenital sinus and external genitalia of the heifer were virilized and no vulval orifice was present. A male urethra-like tubular structure was palpable in the perineal area; urination occurred through a urethral fossa at the distal end of the urethra (cranial aspect of the mammary tissue). Bilateral ovaries and uterine horns, ovarian follicular development, ovulation and CL formation (with increasing blood P4 concentration) were similar to a normal heifer. Testosterone (T) concentrations of all samples collected both before and after hCG challenge were <0.1 ng/mL (absence of a responsive endogenous androgen source). Histologically, the ovary, uterus, oviduct and vagina resembled the normal female reproductive tract. Although the corpus cavernosum was present, the penile urethra and corpus spongiosum penis were hypoplastic. A normal female karyotype (60, XX) was detected in metaphase spreads obtained from cultured peripheral lymphocytes. Moreover, Y-chromosome-specific sequences were not detected in genomic DNA from lymphocytes. By PCR analysis of genomic DNA (from the tissues of urogenital organs), Y-chromosome-specific sequences (both SRY and Amelogenin (Amel) locus) were detected. In conclusion, this was a female PH heifer due to gonadal mosaicism, with normal female genitalia and ovarian activity. This is the first report of an SRY-positive, mosaic female PH heifer.

Amelogenin↗

PubMed2005

Calcium metabolism in cows receiving an intramuscular injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 combined with prostaglandin F(2alpha) closely before parturition.

To determine the effect of exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] combined with induced parturition on calcium (Ca) metabolism, cows received a single intramuscular injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 and prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) closely before calving. Ten late-pregnant, multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 1,25(OH)2D3 group (five treated with both 1,25(OH)2D3 and PGF(2alpha)) and control group (five treated with PGF(2alpha)). 1,25(OH)2D3 group showed an increase in plasma Ca concentration around parturition, whereas control group revealed a decrease in plasma Ca level. Plasma Ca concentration in 1,25(OH)2D3 group were significantly higher than that in control group during -0.5 to 3 days after parturition.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Distribution of new methylene blue injected into the lumbosacral epidural space in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of injection volume and vertebral anatomy on the spread of new methylene blue (NMB) injected into the lumbosacral epidural space in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixteen cats. METHODS: Cats were randomly assigned to four groups and received from 0.1 to 0.4 mL kg(-1) of 0.12% NMB in 0.9% saline. Injection was made into the lumbosacral epidural space using a dorsal approach with the cats in sternal recumbency. The extent of cranial migration of the dye as indicated by the staining of epidural fat and dura mater was measured. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD (range) number of stained vertebrae in the 0.3 and 0.4 mL kg(-1) groups, were 11.5 +/- 1.5 (T7-T11) and 12.4 +/- 1.8 (T6-T10), respectively. This was significantly greater than the number in the 0.1 and 0.2 mL kg(-1) groups, 4.3 +/- 0.6 (L3-L4) and 6.0 +/- 0.7 (L1-L2) vertebrae, respectively (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that the volume injected correlated significantly with the number of stained vertebrae (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.001). In the dorsal and lateral aspect of the spinal cord, NMB solution distributed between epidural fat and dura mater. Migration under the spinal cord occurred along the two longitudinal epidural veins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The larger the volume of solution injected into the lumbosacral epidural space in cats, the greater the spread.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗

PubMed2004

Eliminating the effect of epidural fat during dorsolumbar epidural analgesia in cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution of new methylene blue (NMB) solution injected into either the subperiosteal space or under the epidural fat at the first and second lumbar vertebral interspace in cattle. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Nine nonpregnant cows. METHODS: Needles were advanced towards the first interlumbar epidural space using a dorsal mid-line approach. Upon confirmation of successful penetration of the ligamentum flavum, group 1 received 5 mL of 0.12% NMB in 0.9% saline. In group 2, the needle was slowly advanced a further 7-10 mm to ensure injection under the epidural fat; the same dose was injected. The extent of cranial and caudal migration of dye, as indicated by staining of epidural fat and the dura mater was measured. RESULTS: In group 1 (n = 4), NMB solution migrated only between the periosteum and the epidural fat. There was unilateral distribution in two cows. In contrast, there was no difference between left- and right-sided distribution in group 2 (n = 5), and the NMB solution migrated only between epidural fat and the dura mater. Although the dura mater was not penetrated in any animal of group 2, the dorsal roots were slightly stained and the overlying dura mater was heavily stained in these animals. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Variation in distribution of local anaesthetic solution can probably be overcome by deeper needle penetration of the epidural fat.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2003

Analgesic effect of caudal epidural ketamine in cattle.

This study was performed to clarify the analgesic effect of ketamine injected into the first intercoccygeal (Co1-Co2) epidural space in standing cattle. Five adult cows were randomly received 3 treatments at least 1 week interval: 5, 10 and 20 mL of 5% ketamine. Sedation, analgesia, ataxia and other effects on cardiopulmonary and rumen functions were assessed before ketamine administration and until 120 min. The analgesia without sedation was shown at tail and perineum about 5 min after all three treatments. The duration of analgesia was significantly increased according to the volume of ketamine (p<0.01). There was a similar tendency of ataxia with individual variation. There were minimal effects on cardiopulmonary and rumen functions. The present study showed that caudal epidural ketamine administration induced analgesia without sedation in cows, and the duration of analgesia was dose dependent with ataxia. However, the duration of analgesia after 5 and 10 mL ketamine administration is short for common surgical procedures and pain relief of perineum. Further studies are needed to prolong the duration of analgesia without side effects.

Analgesia, Epidural↗

PubMed2002

Multivariate regression analysis of epidural pressure in cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of growth, maturity, and pregnancy on epidural pressure in cattle. ANIMALS: 50 healthy Holstein cattle (18 heifers, 23 lactating cows, and 9 pregnant nonlactating cows). PROCEDURE: Each of the cattle was restrained in a standing position. Height of the second lumbar vertebra's transverse process (2LTP) and humeral tuberosity (HT) on the right side as well as abdominal girth (AG) were measured in each animal, and body condition score (BCS) was ascertained. Skin caudal to the first lumbar spinous process was aseptically prepared, and anesthetic was injected. After inserting a 16-gauge 120-mm Tuohy needle in the ligamentum flavum, a calibrated pressure transducer was connected to the needle. Then, the needle was introduced into the epidural space, and epidural pressure was recorded. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD residual epidural pressure of heifers (-9.3+/-3.3 mm Hg) was significantly higher than that of lactating (-174+/-5.5 mm Hg) or nonlactating (-14.5+/-2.4 mm Hg) cows. Stepwise regression of 5 variables revealed that only the difference in height between 2LTP and HT (2LTP - HT) in heifers and only BCS in lactating cows were significantly correlated with residual epidural pressure. For all cattle, the optimal equation (R2 = 0.47) describing the relationship was y = -12.7 + 6.3x, - 0.4x2 - 0.1x3, where y is epidural pressure, x1 is BCS, x2 is 2LTP - HT, and x3 is age. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Negative epidural pressure was detected in standing cattle. Growth, maturity, and pregnancy affect epidural pressure in cattle.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Left paramedian abomasopexy in cattle.

Aims of surgery of left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) are to return the abomasum to its original position and create a permanent attachment in the position to prevent recurrence. Left paramedian abomasopexy was performed on six Holstein cows with LDA because normal position of the fundus of the abomasum is located in the left of the midline and the displacement initially only involves the fundus of the abomasum. All cows were recovered without recurrence of LDA. It is considered that the left paramedian abomasopexy could be a major alternative as a surgical treatment of LDA.

Abomasum↗