Broadening the spectrum of patient groups at risk for transfusion-associated GVHD: implications for universal irradiation of cellular blood components.
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Blood↗
Biomedical subjects
Kenneth Anderson
Publications and source records attributed to Kenneth Anderson.
Immunization against murine multiple myeloma with fusions of dendritic and plasmacytoma cells is potentiated by interleukin 12.
Fusions of cancer cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are effective in the treatment of animal tumor models and patients with metastatic renal carcinoma. In this study, we have fused DCs with mouse 4TOO plasmacytoma cells. The results demonstrate that vaccination of mice with the fusion cells (FC/4TOO) is associated with induction of antitumor humoral and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Immunization with FC/4TOO cells protected mice against tumor challenge. In addition, treatment of established multiple myeloma with FC/4TOO cells was associated with prolongation of survival but not with eradication of disease. As interleukin (IL)-12 potentiates the induction of immune responses, recombinant mouse IL-12 was administered with the FC/4TOO vaccine. Treatment of mice with FC/4TOO and IL-12 was associated with increased CTL activity and T-cell proliferation responses. Treatment with FC/4TOO and IL-12 also resulted in eradication of established disease. These findings demonstrate that immunization with FC/4TOO fusion cells and IL-12 potentiates antitumor immunity and the treatment of murine multiple myeloma.
Animals↗
Racial and ethnic composition of volunteer cord blood donors: comparison with volunteer unrelated marrow donors.
BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood is an alternative peripheral blood progenitor cell source for patients who need transplantation. A presumed advantage of cord blood is the ability to increase minority recruitment. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The racial composition of five member cord blood banks of the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) was compared, representing 9020 cord blood donors with NMDP marrow donors from comparable geographic areas, representing 417,676 donors. Cord blood and marrow donors self-reported racial designations on questionnaires. Donor statistics were compared with baseline racial data of deliveries from participating hospitals for cord blood donors and with geographic census data for marrow donors. RESULTS: The California, Florida, and Massachusetts cord blood banks recruited a lower percentage of minorities than the corresponding marrow donor centers. In New York and Colorado, minority recruitment was equivalent. In California, Florida, Massachusetts, and New York, the cord blood banks recruited a lower percentage of minorities than those delivering at the respective hospitals. The cord blood banks in California, Colorado, Florida, and Massachusetts recruited a lower percentage of minorities compared with delivery data than the corresponding marrow donor centers compared with census population (p < 0.001). In New York, the percentages were similar. CONCLUSION: The problem of insufficient minority recruitment of cord blood has not yet been solved. Better strategies are needed to recruit minority donors.
Adult↗
Thalidomide: emerging role in cancer medicine.
Thalidomide--removed from widespread clinical use by 1962 because of severe teratogenicity--has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects, including the inhibition of tumor necrosis alpha factor. It has now returned to practice as an effective oral agent in the management of various disease states including erythema nodosum leprosum, for which it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1998, and more recently certain malignancies, including multiple myeloma. Although thalidomide's mechanism of action remains incompletely understood, considerable insight has been generated by extensive preclinical studies in multiple myeloma. Moreover, clinical trials have confirmed benefit in relapsed disease, and the role of thalidomide in treating newly diagnosed patients is currently under study. Its use in other tumors is under evaluation, with promise in renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, glioma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Activity has also been demonstrated in chronic graft-versus-host disease and in symptom relief as part of palliative care.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions.
The objective of this study was to determine differences in isometric force output, muscle activation (interpolated twitch technique), and electromyographic activity of the quadriceps, plantar flexors (PF), and their antagonists under stable and unstable conditions. Instability in subjects was introduced by making them perform contractions while seated on a "Swiss ball." Eight male subjects performed unilateral leg extensor (LE) and PF contractions while seated on a bench (LE), chair (PF), or a ball. Unstable LE and PF forces were 70.5 and 20.2% less than their stable counterparts, respectively. Unstable quadriceps and PF activation averaged 44.3 and 2.9% less than activation under stable conditions. Unstable antagonist/agonist ratios were 40.2 and 30.7% greater than stable ratios in the LE and PF protocols, respectively. The greater decrements with LE can be attributed to the instability of only 2 points of floor contact, rather than 3 points of floor contact as with the PF. Swiss balls may permit a strength training adaptation of the limbs, if instability is moderate, allowing the production of overload forces.
Adult↗