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Biomedical subjects

Kenneth McCormick

Publications and source records attributed to Kenneth McCormick.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Growth hormone-IGF-I axis and growth velocity in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate hormonal disturbances in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) with and without growth retardation. METHODS: Patients with DM1 were divided into two groups, group A consisted of 14 patients with poor growth, and group B consisted of 24 patients with normal growth. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, basal and stimulated GH, and HbA1c were measured. RESULTS: Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were significantly decreased in group A versus both groups B and controls in Tanner stages I-III; in addition, these measurements in group B were significantly lower compared to controls in Tanner stages II and III, but there was no significant difference in prepuberty. Both basal and peak serum GH were attenuated significantly in group A versus group B. Basal serum GH in group B (normal growth DM1) was significantly elevated versus the controls. There was an unambiguous negative linear regression between IGF-I and mean HbA1c in patients with DM1. CONCLUSIONS: Growth retardation in patients with DM1 is associated with an abnormal GH-IGF-I axis and poor glycemic control.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in early infantile hypocalcemia.

AIM: To further define the pathogenesis of infantile hypocalcemia, the prevailing vitamin D status, and treatment outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 23 infants admitted with infantile hypocalcemia, 21 had biochemical evidence of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and the other two had isolated hypocalcemia. The majority of these infants had relatively low serum intact parathyroid hormone responses against the backdrop of hypocalcemia. Thirteen (56.5%) of these infants had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels, of whom 69% were Hispanic and 23% were African American. Infantile serum vitamin D status reflected that of the mother in all the 16 instances in which it was measured. Treatment with calcitriol hastened recovery from hypocalcemia in our series. CONCLUSIONS: Relative hypoparathyroidism is the etiology in the majority of cases of late onset and early infantile hypocalcemia. We identified vitamin D deficiency in a significant percentage of infants with hypocalcemia, especially Hispanics and African Americans. Maternal 25-OHD concentrations should be ascertained if the infant has low 25-OHD levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effect of insulin on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in children with new-onset diabetes.

CONTEXT: Considerable experimental evidence inculpates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as one of the candidate factors providing a mechanistic link between hyperglycemia and diabetic complications. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of insulin treatment and glycemic control on plasma VEGF levels in children with new-onset diabetes. METHODS: This prospective study assessed the changes in plasma VEGF levels after treatment of diabetes with insulin. We also aimed to ascertain whether there was any correlation between plasma VEGF levels and simultaneous random plasma glucose. The study comprised 19 children with new-onset diabetes mellitus between the ages of 3 and 18 yr. The control group comprised 55 healthy nondiabetic children with idiopathic short stature. RESULTS: Plasma VEGF concentrations were significantly elevated in children at diagnosis of diabetes, compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0002). Plasma VEGF levels (P < 0.01) and hemoglobin A(1C) (P < 0.0001) declined in diabetic children after insulin treatment. There was a highly significant correlation between reduction in plasma VEGF levels and hemoglobin A1C levels (r = 0.65, P = 0.0037). We did not find any correlation between the simultaneous plasma glucose values and basal VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of hyperglycemia and/ or insulin deficiency in children with new-onset of diabetes is associated with plasma VEGF elevation, even at the outset of disease, and this can be mitigated by insulin therapy.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2002

White adipocyte vascular endothelial growth factor: regulation by insulin.

White adipose tissue from rats was examined for insulin- responsive vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF) secretion and mRNA expression. When separated into it constituent fat vs. stromal-vascular cells using collagenase digestion methods, only the adipocytes (or whole fat tissue) responded to physiological insulin concentrations by doubling VEGF release over 4 and 24 h in culture. Adipocyte VEGF mRNA expression increased similarly. Several adipose depots were tested. Although omental fat cells had the highest rates of VEGF release, the differences were not significant. Insulin-stimulated VEGF release was mediated in part via PI3K, but not PKC. Additional hormones/agents were tested, including steroids, leptin, an adenosine analog, and norepinephrine. Only the latter compound increased VEGF production, and this effect was mediated by adenylate cyclase. Adjusting the incubation glucose concentration between 0-20 mM did not alter adipocyte VEGF release. An experimental mimic of hypoxia, CoCl(2), also increased adipocyte VEGF, and this effect was additive with 100 nM insulin. These studies demonstrate that physiological insulin concentrations stimulate VEGF formation and expression in cultured rodent white adipocytes. Although the biological significance of this observation remains to be determined, if white adipocyte-derived VEGF has paracrine or systemic endocrine actions, these might hypothetically impact on adipose expansion or the vascular comorbidities of obesity.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2002

Stature at time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the stature of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus at diagnosis. METHODS: We collected data from 451 records of children who were examined in a pediatric diabetes clinic and used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 10 522 children as control group. Analytical techniques included linear and logistic regression modeling. A semiquantitative meta-analysis evaluated 38 earlier publications that contain information on height at the onset of diabetes. RESULTS: Children <1 year of age were shorter than their peers by 1 standard deviation, whereas those from 3 years to near puberty were taller by approximately 0.3 standard deviation. Adjusting for parental height caused this difference to disappear for the older children but not for the infants. The meta-analysis results paralleled these observations. CONCLUSIONS: Taller children generally seem to experience increased risk for development of diabetes mellitus type 1, except perhaps during infancy or early adolescence. This observation may have implications regarding pathogenesis of this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of oral fluid intake on urinary albumin excretion in diabetes mellitus.

The importance of routine screening for microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes has gained widespread acceptance. Since shortened collection times and random urine sampling facilitate outpatient testing for patients, it is necessary to establish whether a recent fluid intake might alter test results. Specifically, does an oral fluid load (15 ml/kg) effect urinary albumin excretion in Type I diabetes? Indeed, we show that fluid intake had a significant impact: albumin concentration decreased, whereas the albumin/creatinine ratio (A/C) and albumin excretion rate increased (P<.001) significantly.

Adolescent↗