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Keun-Young Yoo

Publications and source records attributed to Keun-Young Yoo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Genetic polymorphism of XRCC3 Thr241Met and breast cancer risk: case-control study in Korean women and meta-analysis of 12 studies.

To evaluate the relationship of genetic polymorphism in XRCC3 Thr(241)Met and the risk of breast cancer, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Korea. Histologically confirmed breast cancer cases (n = 574) and controls (n = 502) with no present or previous history of cancer were recruited from several teaching hospitals in Seoul during 1995-2001. Information on demographic characteristics and other information were collected by interviewed questionnaire. Genetic polymorphisms of XRCC3 Thr(241)Met (C > T) was determined by single base extention assay. The frequency of Thr/Thr, Thr/Met, and Met/Met genotype were 89.4, 10.4, 0.2% in cases and 92.3, 7.7, 0.0% in controls, respectively. Genotype distribution in controls fit well to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.74). XRCC3 codon 241 Thr/Met or Met/Met genotype moderately increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.87-2.33), but not significant in this study. In the results of meta-analysis using twelve reports, however, Thr/Met or Met/Met genotype increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.00-1.17). In conclusion, although the genetic polymorphism of XRCC3 Thr(241)Met was unlikely to have a substantial overall association in Korean women, the meta-analysis of studies, including ours, provided that Thr/Met and Met/Met was weakly increased the risk of breast cancer compare to Thr/Thr genotype.

Asian People↗
PubMed2006

Genetic polymorphisms of eNOS, hormone receptor status, and survival of breast cancer.

The endothelial cell-specific form of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) may play an important role in tumor progression via angiogenesis or apoptosis. We studied eNOS -786T > C and 894G > T (Glu298Asp), two functionally significant SNPs, in relation to hazard of breast cancer recurrence or death in 873 women with incident, non-metastatic breast cancer, recruited from two teaching hospitals in Seoul, Korea, 1995-2002. Hazards were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models, in relation to genotype, adjusting for hormone receptor status, lymph node involvement, and tumor size. Women carriers of the eNOS -786C allele had significantly increased hazards of breast cancer recurrence or death, compared with women having the TT genotype (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.03-4.33); risks increased up to 3-fold in ER positive cases (HR = 3.2, 95% CI = 0.95-10.50). The hazard was also increased in eNOS 894T carriers, however, it did not reach statistical significance (HR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.85-3.93). The combined genotypes containing -786C or 894T was associated with a 2.5-fold risk, compared to the TT-GG genotypes, the most dominant genotype combination (95% CI = 1.29-4.68), with the greatest risks in ER positive cases (HR = 4.9, 95% CI = 1.31-18.36). These results indicate that the eNOS -786C polymorphism, and possibly the 894T polymorphism, are associated with breast cancer recurrence and death, particularly in women with ER positive tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Genetic polymorphisms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated affect lung cancer risk.

The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is known to be activated by DNA damage and involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair. Therefore, ATM gene polymorphisms may act as important factors predicting individual susceptibility to lung cancer. To evaluate the role of ATM gene polymorphisms in lung cancer development, genotypes of the ATM polymorphisms, -4518A>G, IVS21-77C>T, IVS61-55T>C, and IVS62+60G>A, were determined in 616 lung cancer patients and 616 cancer-free controls. When the effects of selected ATM genotypes were evaluated separately, only one ATM genotype (IVS62+60G>A) showed an association with lung cancer risk. Subjects with the A allele at the site (IVS62+60G>A) have significantly higher risk of lung cancer than those with the G allele [odds ratio (OR)=1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.1]. When the haplotypes of four ATM single nucleotide polymorphism sites (-4518A>G, IVS21-77C>T, IVS61-55T>C and IVS62+60G>A) were studied, the ATTA haplotype showed significantly increased risk of lung cancer compared with the GCCA haplotype, the most common haplotype (OR=7.6, 95% CI 1.7-33.5). Furthermore, subjects with the (NN)TA haplotype showed highly significant and increased risk of lung cancer when compared with those without the (NN)TA haplotype (OR=13.2, 95% CI 3.1-56.1). Therefore, our results suggest that polymorphisms or haplotypes of the ATM gene play an important role in the development of lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Age-period-cohort analysis of female breast cancer mortality in Korea.

BACKGROUND: Although breast cancer in women remains relatively rare in Korea, its incidence and mortality figures are increasing, consistent with the increasing risk observed in successive generations of Korean women. The aim of the current study was to examine time trends of breast-cancer mortality during the period 1984-2003 in Korea, assessing the importance of the effects of age, period and birth cohort as risk factors. METHODS: Data on the annual number of deaths due to female breast cancer and on female population statistics from 1984 to 2003 were obtained from the Korean National Statistical Office. A log-linear Poisson age-period-cohort model was used to estimate age, period and cohort effects. RESULTS: The trend of breast cancer mortality was explained by an age-cohort model based on goodness of fit, even though the significance of the cohort effect was marginal (p=0.08) after adjusting for age. The risk of breast cancer death was found to increase with age after adjusting for the cohort effect, and it was different from the cross-sectional age curve. Also, breast cancer mortality increased along with the birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the cohort effect was found to have a marginally significant effect on breast cancer mortality, it is expected to be more significant in the future given the recent on-going changes in diet and reproductive behavior shown by Korean women.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Clonorchis sinensis infection and increasing risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the Republic of Korea.

To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection, an epidemiologic survey was performed (3,169 residents; age range: 30-87 years; mean age = 59; 1,973 women) in three areas with different mortality rates of cholangiocarcinoma. C. sinensis prevalence was 2.1% in Chuncheon, 7.8% in Chungju, and 31.3% in Haman, where cholangiocarcinoma incidence rate was 0.3, 1.8, and 5.5 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Of the four major risk factors for C. sinensis (male sex, alcohol consumption, raw freshwater fish intake, and area of residence), area was the strongest. Efforts to discourage raw freshwater fish intake, treat egg carriers, and protect water sources from C. sinensis contamination should be strengthened in the Republic of Korea.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Fasting serum glucose level and gastric cancer risk in a nested case-control study].

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes has been reported as a risk factor for several cancers. However, the association between diabetes and gastric cancer has been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the fasting serum glucose level and gastric cancer risk in Korea. METHODS: Among the members of the Korean MultiCenter Cancer Cohort (KMCC) from 1993 to 2004, a total of 100 incident gastric cancer cases were ascertained until December 31, 2002 and 400 controls were matched according to age, sex, and year and area of enrollment. Of the eligible subjects, those without fasting serum glucose level information were excluded, with a total of 64 cases and 236 controls finally selected. On enrollment, all subjects completed a baseline demographic and lifestyle characteristics questionnaire, and had their fasting serum glucose level measured. The Helicobacter pylori infection status was determined by an immunoblot assay using long-term stored serum. The odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional and unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for the H. pylori infection status, smoking, drinking, education, follow-up period and matching variables. RESULTS: The ORs for risk of gastric cancer according to the serum glucose level were 1.33 [95% CI=0.50-3.53] and 1.66 [95% CI=0.55-5.02] for the categories of 100-125 and 126 mg/dL or greater, respectively, compared to the category of less than 100 mg/dL. No increased risk of gastric cancer according to the serum glucose level was found (p-trend=0.337). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no evidence for an association of the serum glucose level with gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and breast cancer risk in Korean women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential role of genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) on breast cancer development, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Korea. METHODS: Histologically confirmed breast cancer cases (n = 560) and controls (n = 509) without cancer history were recruited from three teaching hospitals in Seoul between September 1998 and January 2002. Information on risk factors of breast cancer were collected by interviewed questionnaire. Genotypes of IL-1B (-31C/T) and IL-1RN (86 bp variable number tandom repeats in intron 2) were determined by PCR-CTPP (confronting two-pair primers) and PCR, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression model. RESULTS: The IL-1RN *2-allele was associated with decreased breast cancer risk with marginal significance (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.48-1.05). The IL-1B CC or TC genotype was not associated with decreased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.65-1.16). However, combination of IL-1B C-allele (CT or CC) and IL-1RN *2-allele containing genotypes significantly decreased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.39-0.99). A moderately decreasing trend of risk was observed as the number of 'putative low risk' allele increased (p for trend = 0.07). Suggestive combined effect on breast cancer risk was also observed between body mass index (BMI) and IL-1RN non-*2 allele: women with higher BMI and IL-1RN non-*2 allele had 1.7-fold higher risk than women with lower BMI and IL-1RN*2 genotypes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1 may play a role in the individual susceptibility for breast cancer development in Korean women.

Asian People↗
PubMed2005

Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: Older paternal age may increase the germ cell mutation rate in the offspring. Maternal age may also mediate in utero exposure to pregnancy hormones in the offspring. To evaluate the association between paternal and maternal age at birth with the risk of breast cancer in female offspring, a case-control study was conducted in Korea. METHODS: Histologically confirmed breast cancer cases (n = 1,011) and controls (n = 1,011) with no present or previous history of cancer, matched on year of birth and menopausal status, were selected from several teaching hospitals and community in Seoul during 1995-2003. Information on paternal and maternal ages and other factors was collected by interviewed questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression model adjusting for family history of breast cancer in 1st or 2nd degree relatives, and lifetime estrogen exposure duration. RESULTS: The risk of breast cancer significantly increased as the paternal age increased (p for trend = 0.025). The association was stronger after controlling for maternal age; women whose fathers were aged >or=40 years at their birth had 1.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared with fathers aged <30 years. This association was profound in breast cancer cases in premenopausal women (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.12-3.26, for paternal aged >or=40 vs. <30) (p for trend = 0.031). Although the risk of breast cancer increased as maternal age increased up to the intermediate, and then reduced; the risks in women whose mother were aged 25-29, 30-34, and >or=35 yrs at birth compared to women whose mothers were aged <25 years, were 1.2, 1.4, and 0.8, respectively, the trend was not significant (p for trend = 0.998). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that older paternal age increases the risk of breast cancer in their female offspring.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Elevation of cyclooxygenase-2 is related to lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix.

In a previous study, we demonstrated that elevation of COX-2 is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervix. The main objective of this study is to characterize the relationship between elevation of COX-2 and its possible clinical role in adenocarcinoma (AC) of cervix. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined COX-2 expression levels in 84 patients with AC of uterine cervix [71 ACs, 13 adenosquamous carcinomas (ASCs)]. Elevation of COX-2 was correlated with clinicopathological variables and p53 expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry. Elevation of COX-2 was detected in 13.0% (11 of 84) of the tumors. Elevation of COX-2 was significantly correlated with histologic type (AC 8.5% vs. ASC 38.5%, P=0.011). Both tumor stage and lymph node metastasis were correlated with elevation of COX-2 with a borderline significance (P=0.062 and 0.068, respectively). Elevation of p53 was not associated with elevation of COX-2. The association between lymph node metastasis and elevation of COX-2 was stronger in cases of AC than in cases of ASC (28.4 vs. 4.3%, P=0.023). According to the results of univariate analysis, elevation of COX-2 was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (P=0.003, log-rank test). However, multivariate analyses revealed that only tumor stage was independently associated with overall survival, suggesting that elevation of COX-2 itself may not be an independent prognostic factor. The present study shows that elevation of COX-2 may contribute to lymph node metastasis in AC of uterine cervix. This suggests that the potential therapeutic role of COX-2 inhibitors should be validated, not only in SCC, but also in AC of uterine cervix.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Genetic polymorphisms of selected DNA repair genes, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and breast cancer risk.

PURPOSE: Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes seem to determine the DNA repair capacity, which in turn may affect the risk of breast cancer. To evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in breast cancer, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study of Korean women. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We included 872 incident breast cancer cases and 671 controls recruited from several teaching hospitals in Seoul from 1995 to 2002. Twelve loci of selected DNA repair genes were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (XRCC2 Arg188His, XRCC4 921G > T, XRCC6 1796G > T, LIG4 1977T/C, RAD51 135G > C, 172G > T, RAD52 2259C > T, LIG1 551A > C, ERCC1 8092A > C, 354C > T, hMLH1 -93G > A, and Ile219Val). RESULTS: We found that the RAD52 2259 CT or TT, hMLH1 -93 GG, and ERCC1 8092 AA genotypes were associated with breast cancer risk after adjustment for known risk factors [odds ratio (OR), 1.33; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.02-1.75; OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99-1.74; and OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.89, respectively]. When Bonferroni's method was used to correct for multiple comparisons for nine polymorphisms with P = 0.005, all of these associations were not significant. However, the effects of RAD52 2259 CT or TT and ERCC1 354 CT or TT genotypes were more evident for the estrogen/progesterone receptor-negative cases (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.24-3.34 and OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.35-2.94, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms of RAD52, ERCC1, and hMLH1 may be associated with breast cancer risk in Korean women.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2005

Obesity and genetic polymorphism of ERCC2 and ERCC4 as modifiers of risk of breast cancer.

To evaluate the relationship of genetic polymorphisms of ERCC2 and ERCC4 genes, both involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), and the risk of breast cancer, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Korea. Histologically confirmed breast cancer cases (n = 574) and controls (n = 502) with no present or previous history of cancer were recruited from three teaching hospitals in Seoul during 1995-2001. Information on selected characteristics was collected by interviewed questionnaire. ERCC2 Asp(312)Asn (G>A) was genotyped by single-base extension assay and ERCC4 Ser(835)Ser (T>C) by dynamic allele-specific hybridization system. Although no significant association was observed between the genetic polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer, women with both ERCC2 A allele- and ERCC4 C allele-containing genotypes showed a 2.6-fold risk (95% CI: 1.02-6.48) of breast cancer compared to women concurrently carrying the ERCC2 GG and ERCC4 TT genotypes. The breast cancer risk increased as the number of "at risk" genotypes increased with a borderline significance (P for trend = 0.07). Interactive effect was also observed between ERCC4 genotype and body mass idnex (BMI) for the breast cancer risk; the ERCC4 C allele containing genotypes posed a 1.7-fold (95% CI: 0.96-2.93) breast cancer risk in obese women (BMI>25 kg/m(2)) with a borderline significance. Our finding suggests that the combined effect of ERCC2 Asp(312)Asn and ERCC4 Ser(835)Ser genotypes might be associated with breast cancer risk in Korean women.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Genetic polymorphism of CYP17 and breast cancer risk in Korean women.

CYP17 gene is involved in steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism. Epidemiologic results on the association between the CYP17 polymorphism and breast cancer risk have been inconsistent. We examined the association between the MspAI polymorphism at +27 relative to the start of transcription in the 5'-untranslated region of CYP17 gene and breast cancer risk in Korean women. Four hundred and sixty-two incident cases and 337 controls were recruited from three teaching hospitals in Seoul during 1994-2001. Polymorphism of the CYP17 gene was determined by a single base extension assay. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were identified using structured questionnaire. Age-adjusted (aOR) and multivariate odds ratios (& mgr;OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. The proportions of A1/A1, A1/A2 and A2/A2 genotypes among controls were 20.8%, 45.1% and 34.1%, respectively. Compared to the A1/A1 genotype, A1/A2 or A2/A2 genotype was not statistically significantly associated with overall breast cancer risk (i.e., mOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.69-1.47 and mOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.51-1.14, respectively). However, a significant association between CYP17 A2/A2 genotype and breast cancer was observed among women aged 50 years or less (mOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.34-0.99, P =0.04) and leaner women (body mass index < 22 kg/ m2) (mOR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.23-0.97, P = 0.04). Our results suggest that genetic polymorphism in 5'-untranslated region of CYP17 might play a role in breast cancer development in Korean women among younger women aged less than 50 or leaner women with body mass index less than 22 kg/m2.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2005

Polymorphism in the nuclear factor kappa-B binding promoter region of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is mediated by constitutive nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the germline alteration of the NF-kappaB binding site of COX-2 and the risk of developing various types of human cancers. Using PCR and DNA sequence analysis, we performed a hospital-based case-control study involving various types of human cancers, namely cervical, breast, lung, and bladder cancer. The COX-2 gene was sequenced in 217 Korean individuals (122 cancer patients; 95 non-cancer patients). We identified 2 novel polymorphisms -1166 C-->G and -1186 T-->G, in the NF-kappaB binding promoter region of COX-2. A polymorphism in nucleotide 1186 was found to be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (P=0.038). However, in the case of the other cancers, no significant association was found between polymorphisms in the COX-2 promoter region and the risk of cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that polymorphisms in nucleotide -1186, which is in the NF-kappaB binding promoter region of the COX-2 gene, may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Further research is needed to investigate the functional implications of the polymorphisms of the COX-2 promoter gene in human cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Genetic polymorphisms of TGF-beta1 & TNF-beta and breast cancer risk.

OBJECTIVE: The proliferation of malignant breast epithelial cells is regulated by various stimuli including cytokines and growth factors, thus the variants of those genes may modify the breast cancer risk. To evaluate the potential influences of TGF-beta1 T29C and TNF-beta A252G gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk, a case-control study was conducted in Korea. METHODS: Histologically confirmed breast cancer cases (n=560) and controls (n=509) with no previous history of cancer were recruited from three teaching hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Genotypes were determined by PCR-CTPP (polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers) method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression model adjusting for age, body mass index, education, parity, age at first full-term pregnancy, and family history of breast cancer. RESULTS: The TGF-beta1 29C-allele containing genotypes posed an increased risk of breast cancer (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.02-1.79), especially in postmenopausal women (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.01-2.44). Similarly, the TNF-beta 252G-allele containing genotypes posed an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.09-2.55). The risk of postmenopausal breast cancer increased in parallel with the number of the risk genotypes (p for trend <0.01). When data were stratified by the presumed non-genetic risk factors, TGF-beta1 C-allele containing genotypes were found to increase breast cancer risk almost two-fold in postmenopausal women with greater than median body mass index (>22.8 kg/m2) (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.04-3.37). CONCLUSION: The results of this study therefore suggest that polymorphisms of TGF-beta1 and TNF-beta genes may modify individual susceptibility to breast cancer in Korean women.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Genetic polymorphisms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and breast cancer risk.

To evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in the etiology of breast cancer, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Korea. Nine-hundred ninety-six histologically confirmed incident breast cancer cases and 1,181 cancer-free controls were recruited in Seoul between 1995 and 2003. Genotypes of the ATM polymorphisms-5144A > T, IVS21 + 1049T > C, IVS33 - 55T > C, IVS34 + 60G > A, and 3393T > G were determined by the 5'-nuclease assay. Individual haplotypes were estimated from genotype data by a Bayesian method. Five ATM alleles were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (D' > 0.82; P < 0.001). Haplotype frequencies were significantly different between cases and controls (chi2 test, P < 0.001). The ATM IVS21 + 1049 TC or CC, IVS34 + 60 GA or AA, and 3393 TG or GG genotypes were associated with increased breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women [odds ratios (OR), 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-2.05; OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08-1.88; and OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04-1.80, respectively]. Compared with diploid of TCCAG:TCCAG, the most common haplotype, the ATTGT:ATTGT was associated with decreased risk of breast cancer with borderline significance (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.04) and TCCAG:ATCGT and ATTGT:ACCAG were associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.18-4.48 and OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.1.07-5.52, respectively) after adjusting for age, education, age at first full-term pregnancy, parity, family history of breast cancer, alcohol consumption, and smoking. As the number of ATTGT haplotype decreased, the risk of breast cancer increased (P for trend < 0.01). Our results thus suggest that genetic polymorphisms of ATM play an important role in the development of breast cancer in Korean women.

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Genetic polymorphisms of SULT1A1 and SULT1E1 and the risk and survival of breast cancer.

We examined whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in SULT1A1 (c.779G>A, *14A>G, and *85C>T) and SULT1E1 (IVS1-447C>A, IVS4-1653T>C, and *959G>A) genes influenced the risk and survival of breast cancer. Our study population consisted of 989 histologically confirmed sporadic breast cancer patients and 1,054 controls without history of cancer recruited from three teaching hospitals in Seoul. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by logistic regression model. In the survival analysis for 529 breast cancer patients with completed treatments, the hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with Cox proportional hazard model. Women with the SULT1E1 *959 GA/AA genotype had a moderately decreased breast cancer risk compared with those with the GG genotypes (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.70-1.00). When the haplotypes were considered, the homozygous *959 AA genotype together with the IVS4-1653 T>C base change (CTA-CCA haplotype) was associated with halved breast cancer risk (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.24-0.88) compared with the wild type CTG-CTG haplotype. No other significant overall association was observed between the SULT1A1 and SULT1E1 SNPs nor haplotypes and breast cancer risk. When stratified by survival, patients with the SULT1E1 IVS4-1653 TC/CC genotypes showed a >3-fold risk of recurrence (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.39-7.48) compared with those with the TT genotype. Moreover, when the haplotypes were considered, the SULT1E1 *959 G>A base change together with the IVS4-1653 T>C base change (CTG-CCA haplotype) was associated with a >4-fold risk of breast cancer (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.15-15.15). These findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms of SULT1E1 are associated with increased risk and a disease free survival of breast cancer in Korean women.

Adult↗