Biomedical subjects

Kevin Sykes

Publications and source records attributed to Kevin Sykes.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Endoscopic techniques in resection of anterior skull base/paranasal sinus malignancies.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the role of endoscopic approaches to the resection of anterior skull base and paranasal sinus malignancies at one tertiary care medical center. STUDY DESIGN: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review over a period of 17 years. METHODS: Patients undergoing anterior skull base resections for malignancies over a 17-year period were reviewed. Data were collected on each patient with respect to the pathology of the tumor and approach used as well as demographic and follow-up information. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients were treated at a tertiary care medical center for malignancies of the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base. The most common diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma occurring in 33% of the cases. The remaining pathologies included esthesioneuroblastoma (23%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (15%), melanoma (3%), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (3%), lymphoma (5%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (4%), and other tumor types (14%). Endoscopic techniques were used extensively in this population of patients. Combined approaches using a sublabial/transmaxillary approach and coronal approaches were used when indicated and complemented the endoscopic approach. A majority of patients were without evidence of disease at the end of this review. Using endoscopic techniques allowed for acceptable cosmetic results and facial incisions were used minimally. CONCLUSION: With complete endoscopic surgical resection followed by radiation therapy, local recurrence, morbidity, and cosmetic deformity have been minimized. The microscopic view provided by endoscopic techniques, with or without complementary approaches, allows for complete tumor removal.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed2006

Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a 2-min walk test to assess exercise capacity of COPD patients.

PURPOSES: To investigate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a 2-min walk test (2MWT) in Chinese COPD patients with moderate-to-severe disease. METHODS: This study consisted of two parts. Forty-seven stable COPD patients with moderate-to-severe disease participated in the first part of study for the investigation of reliability and validity. The demographic and anthropomorphic data collected included age, gender, body weight, height, and body mass index. Each subject performed a pulmonary function test, a cardiopulmonary exercise test, three trials of a 2MWT, and two trials of 6-min-walk test (6MWT) in random order within a 5-day period. Fifteen of these subjects participated in the second part of study for the evaluation of the responsiveness of the 2MWT following pulmonary rehabilitation. The 2MWT and 6MWT were conducted before and after the program for comparison. RESULTS: Forty-five subjects (mean [+/- SD] age, 71.8 +/- 8.3 years; mean FEV1, 0.88 +/- 0.27 L) completed the first part of study, and 9 subjects (mean age, 74 +/- 8.7 years; mean FEV1, 0.94 +/- 0.28 L) completed the second part of study. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the repeated 2MWTs was high (R = 0.9994; p < 0.05), mean differences across trials ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 m (95% confidence interval, -3.1 to 4.6 m) demonstrated its high test-retest reliability. Significant correlations were found between the 2MWT and the 6MWT, the maximum oxygen uptake (V(O2)max) in milliliters per minute, and the V(O2)max in milliliters per kilogram per minute (r = 0.937, 0.454, and 0.555 respectively; p < 0.0125). Following rehabilitation, there were significant improvements in the mean 2MWT and 6MWT walking distance of 17.2 +/- 13.8 m and 60.6 +/- 35.5 m, respectively, with moderate effect sizes (0.61 and 0.53, respectively) and large standardized mean responses (1.25 and 1.70, respectively). High correlation was found between changes in the 2MWT and the 6MWT (r = 0.70; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The 2MWT was shown to be a reliable and valid test for the assessment of exercise capacity and responsive following rehabilitation in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. It is practical, simple, and well-tolerated by patients with severe COPD symptoms.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Accumulating aerobic exercise for effective weight control.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of different patterns of regular treadmill walking and cycle ergometry on body weight, body composition, waist and hip circumferences in overweight adult Singaporean females. METHODS: Thirty overweight (BMI > 23 kg/m2) Singaporean females, aged 42.2 +/- 5.4 yr (mean +/- SD), all spasmodically physically active, were randomly assigned to two different eight-week programmes of aerobic exercise. One programme involved walking and cycling on indoor exercise machines at a moderate, comfortable intensity until 400 kcals had been expended, five times a week, thus giving a total weekly energy expenditure of 2,000 kcal. The other programme involved the same type of exercise but expending 1,000 kcal per session on two days a week, thereby giving the same weekly energy expenditure. Body weight, body mass index, body composition, waist and hip circumferences were measured before and after each programme. Prior to commencement of the study all subjects attended a one hour seminar on nutrition, health and fitness where the project structure was explained. They were asked not to change their eating habits during the intervention period and food diaries were kept and monitored weekly. RESULTS: All subjects completed the eight-week programmes of exercise. Both programmes significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, percentage body fat and waist circumference (all p < 0.05). These reductions were identical in both the short-bout and long-bout programmes. No changes were observed in either group for hip circumference or lean body mass. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of moderate aerobic exercise in reducing body weight, body fat percentage and waist circumference whilst maintaining lean body mass in moderately overweight Singaporean females. The study also demonstrated that whether the exercise is performed in a series of short bouts five times a week or in longer bouts twice a week, the results are identical, providing that the total weekly energy expenditure remains the same.

Adult↗