Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Kh Ia Karimov.
We studied status of arterial hypertension, biochemical fat and carbohydrate metabolism index in blood in male rabbits as a result of hyperchlesterolemia and hyperinsulinemia. We found that, chronic injection of insulin to rabbits with high serum cholesterol can increase level of arterial blood pressure.
The effect of one-month-long inhalation exposure of male rats to sulphureous anhydrate, phenol, ammonia or to the mixture of these substances with formaldehyde and lead acetate, on the parameters of spermatogenesis was studied. The exposure of animals to sulphureous anhydrate or to the mixture indicated above resulted in the asynchronization of spermatogenic cycle, which was more significant than that caused by the separate application of substances studied. This mixture induced a 20% reduction in the number of tubules, containing spermatogonia, and a 20-30% increase in the number of tubules, containing spermatozoa. The structural and functional study of spermatogenic epithelium, considering stages of spermatogenic cycle, indicated that some cell populations form associations that are targets for the toxic agents studied.
In acute cryogenic pancreatitis, apart from morphological changes in the affected organ there come to be seen destructive changes in tissues of the liver and small intestine that is evidenced by development in the liver of reactive hepatitis which is, strickly speaking, a result of a toxic effect of the pancreatic tissue necrotic products. In the small intestinal mucosa the above events are manifested by reactive enteritis, in which case both inflammatory-and-destructive and adaptive-and-regenerative processes are clearly seen.
The data of the morphological studies of liver of animals subjected to chronic (3 months long) intoxication with different chemical substances (ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, fluorine, chromium, arsenic) are presented. The xenobiotics tested induced stereotyped responses in liver which differed in their intensity and the extent of hemomicrocirculatory and inflammatory-destructive alterations. Most pronounced reactive changes were found in animals exposed to arsenic compounds, while sodium nitrate caused practically no destructive changes in hepatocytes.
Our objective in this study was to determine some indices for the synthesis of nitric oxide in the early periods of diethylnitrosoamine-induced (10 mg/kg 5 times a week for two months) hepatocarcinogenesis in mature male rats (n = 100) and to gain insights into their relation to lipid peroxidation process. During the time-related course of hepatocarcinogenesis the blood serum level of L-arginin has been found to change significantly with time of the study while that of malonic dialdehyde tended to be on the increase. The SOD activity increased somewhat during the period of initiation, with its significant reduction recordable during the period of promotion and a striking increase in the initial period of progression. Unlike SOD, catalase was showing a tendency to increase after some decline in its activity.
Rats with different resistance to hypoxic hypoxia differ in parameters of their acid-base state: in high resistance, lower values for blood pH are recordable together with slightly higher pCO2 and content of non-volatile acids. Development of experimental stenosis of trachea in low- and high-resistant animals has been shown to significantly disturb the acid-base state (particularly in low-resistant rats). This process is compensatory-adaptive; it is characterized by development of respiratory acidosis at day 1 to 3, with the indices tending to return to the normal range at day 7, mixed acidosis developing later on.
Investigation of autonomic nervous system tonicity has been undertaken in 34 healthy persons (control group I), in 30 patients with non-complicated duodenal ulcer (control group 2), 38 patients with complicated gastroduodenal ulcer (10--with perforation, 13--with bleeding, 15--with stenosis) and 32 patients in the long-term period. The patients age was from 17 to 75 years. 72 patients were males and 28--females. Results of the study showed, that among the patients with complicated gastroduodenal ulcer there were eutonics and sympathicotonics, among those with non-complicated ulcer disease sympathotonics prevailed. To predict occurrence of complicated ulcer, determination of the tone of vegetative nervous system in patients with non-complicated ulcer in period between attacks is recommended. Identification of phenotype characteristics of vegetative nervous system tone allows to predict development of possible postoperative complications in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer.
The study of the autonomic status of the body in 38 patients with different forms of chronic purulent otitis media (CPOM) has demonstrated that patients with exacerbation or complication of CPOM were for the most part sympathotonics and normotonics. The former had more persistent disease with more frequent recurrences.
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Electrical break-down and erythrocyte membrane potential and blood viscosity and elasticity were studied on the model of experimental alloxan diabetes on days 7 and 14 of the experiment. Changed membrane elasticity was revealed in both terms, more evident changes in the second term, on day 14. Increased membrane electrical break-down and decreased potential were noted. Impairments of blood viscosity and elasticity are caused by changed membrane electrical properties. Increasing capillary pressure, these changes lead to an increase of microvessel walls permeability. S. This, alongside with the tissue hypoxia developing in diabetes, stimulates plasmatic saturation of basal membrane and proliferation of vascular endothelium.
Histamine impact on lipid peroxidation (LPO) in hepatic and pulmonary microsomes of guinea-pigs sensibilization was studied. It is demonstrated that intensity of chemiluminescence and LPO product content in NADPH-, ascorbat-dependent and spontaneous systems was enhanced in relation to the period of sensibilization process formation and histamine concentration.
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The effect of splenectomy and of spleen-preserving operation with suture ligation of the left gastric artery on the functional status of liver mitochondria was studied by using 102 white male-rats of mixed population with experimental cirrhosis. The obtained data made it evident that in the immediate postoperative period (from 1 to 3 weeks after the procedure) in the animals of both the first and the second series, the disorder of energetic regulation of mitochondria hepatocytes respiration and the decrease in phosphorylation efficiency had the same tendency, which were seemingly caused by stress-action of the operative trauma. The data accumulated in the more distant postoperative period (8 weeks after the procedure) indicated that the resection of the lower splenic pole in combination with supplementary liver arterialization improved essentially the functional status of mitochondria hepatocytes and was more beneficial in contradistinction to splenectomy.
Biomicroscopic and morphological studies demonstrated that in experimental heliotrine affection of the liver there occurred very early and marked microcirculatory disturbances which preceded the parenchymal damage. With the further progress of the pathomorphological changes and chronization of the pathological process in the liver one of the leading roles was played by the advance of microcirculatory disturbances and of the tissue-vascular permeability leading to hypoxia of the hepatic tissue and derangement of the metabolic processes in the organ.
The excretory function of the pancreas was studied on albino rats during thermal stress and ACTH (corticotropine) administration. Stress inhibited the enzyme-synthesizing and enzyme-secreting functions of the gland. The tranquilizer phenazepam influencing the GABA-ergic brain systems exerted a protective effect on pancreatic exosecretion in stress and its strength depended on the administration regimen of the drug. Experiments with corticotropine have shown that the antistress effect of phenazepam, to a certain extent is related to its action on the level of ACTH production in the hypophysis.
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The authors studied the effect of perftoran (PF) on the morpho-functional parameters of alimentary system organs (ASO) (liver, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine) in rats with experimental chronic acetate duodenal ulcer. Inflammatory-infiltrative and dystrophic changes were found in the ASO tissues which led to activation of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in their homogenates. PF pharmacotherapy reduces the inflammatory-infiltrative changes in the ASO tissues and normalizes the enzyme systems of antioxidant protection.
Prominent features of heliotrin-related chronic toxical disorders of the liver developing in hepatic cirrohosis include hyperfermentemia, hypoproteinemia, intensification of lipid peroxidation (LPO), as evidenced by decrease in the activity of the antioxidant defence. In chronic active liver disorders, hyperfermentemia and hyperlipoperoxidation are common, but it is later in the course of the experiment that hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia and manifest depression of the antioxidant defence that come to be developing. Berberin experimental pharmacotherapy has been shown to attenuate the degree of hyperfermentemia, hyperlipoperoxidation and to increase levels of albumin and antioxidant defence enzymes, particularly so earlier in the course of the studies conducted but with aggravation of the pathological process the efficacy of the drug tended to be lower. Neoselen appeared to be effective in alleviating the cytologic syndrome, hyperlipoperoxidation, increasing the activity of the antioxidant defence enzymes. Patients are found to derive more benefit from neoselen therapy with prolongation of its use.