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Khaled M Elsayes

Publications and source records attributed to Khaled M Elsayes.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Intratumoral Sotigalimab with Pembrolizumab Induces Rapid Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells and Drives Antitumor Responses in Non-injected Tumors in Metastatic Melanoma: A Phase I/II Study.

UNLABELLED: Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) improve outcomes in metastatic melanoma (MM), but resistance limits benefit. This phase I/II (NCT02706353) study evaluated intratumoral sotigalimab (anti-CD40 agonist) with pembrolizumab in 32 patients with ICB-naïve MM. Primary endpoints were safety and objective response rate (ORR). Sotigalimab was well tolerated. At the recommended phase II dose, the ORR was 50%, and the disease control rate was 92%, with ORRs of 67% in injected and 50% in non-injected tumors. Multiomic analyses of tumor and blood showed that sotigalimab effectively engaged the CD40 pathway, boosting infiltration and activation of myeloid cells, including CD11c+DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells and macrophages. The combination therapy activated innate and adaptive immunity in injected tumors and cytotoxic responses in non-injected tumors. T-cell receptor sequencing showed increased T-cell clonality with expanded new clones shared across tumors. Clinical responses correlated with these immunologic changes but not with baseline features associated with response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we provide compelling data that intratumoral sotigalimab combined with pembrolizumab is safe, activates antigen-presenting cells, and elicits broad innate and adaptive immune responses in both injected and non-injected tumors, supporting further randomized phase II trials to evaluate sotigalimab's potential to enhance anti-PD-1 therapy through "in situ" immunization.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

CT of pregnancy-related complications.

During pregnancy, the risk of radiation exposure to the fetus is increased so that more than the usual benefit is necessary to justify computed tomography (CT; or other radiation exposure) than in non-pregnant patients. In the setting of a life-threatening illness, CT may be indicated to assess for potentially fatal complications such as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. After delivery, patients rarely develop serious problems requiring radiologic evaluation. When indicated, however, CT may be invaluable in making the diagnosis or determining the severity of peri- and post-partum complications, including uterine perforation, hemorrhage, endometritis, thrombophlebitis, and abscess formation. At times, CT may be the first to uncover conditions, such as post-partum cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, which are usually diagnosed by other modalities but may explain the symptoms for which the study was ordered. In some centers, CT pulmonary angiography represents the standard of care to diagnose pulmonary thromboembolism. In this article, we illustrate the spectrum of peri-partum and post-partum complications on CT to familiarize the radiologist with the CT features of these potentially life-threatening pregnancy-related complications.

Female↗
PubMed2006

MRI of the peritoneum: spectrum of abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to detail peritoneal anatomy, techniques for optimizing peritoneal MRI, and the MRI characteristics of several disease processes that frequently involve the peritoneum. CONCLUSION: Homogeneous fat suppression and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, including delayed imaging, are critical technical factors for successful lesion detection and characterization on peritoneal MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pheochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl. Unusually small lesion detected with magnetic resonance imaging.

A case report of a 40-year-old female with an unusually small pheochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl is discussed. The tumor is diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging MRI examination, which was requested to evaluate her as a potential renal donor. There is a family history of Carney s triad gastric leiomyosarcoma, extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma and pulmonary chondroma. The MRI technique and findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Adrenal masses: mr imaging features with pathologic correlation.

The detection of adrenal lesions has increased with the expanding use of cross-sectional imaging. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is often useful for characterizing adrenal masses. Adrenal masses can be classified into various groups on the basis of the presence of intracellular lipid, macroscopic fat, hemorrhage, and cystic changes and the vascularity and shape of the tumor. These imaging features can be used by the radiologist to suggest or confirm a diagnosis for most adrenal masses, including adenoma, hyperplasia, simple and complicated cysts, lymphangioma, myelolipoma, pheochromocytoma, hemorrhage, cortical carcinoma, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, and metastases. Adenomas and metastases are common, and a decrease in signal intensity on out-of-phase images can be used to differentiate between them. Carcinoma is a possible diagnosis if that decrease in signal intensity is heterogeneous. Benign disease is diagnosed if macroscopic fat or a homogeneous cystlike lesion is seen. Recognition of the typical MR imaging features is important because it often changes the treatment approach and may obviate surgery.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pancreatic tumors: diagnostic patterns by 3D gradient-echo post contrast magnetic resonance imaging with pathologic correlation.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has considerable potential in characterizing pancreatic masses. Certain features can be used by the radiologist to establish a definitive diagnosis for most pancreatic tumors including ductal adenocarcinoma, islet cell tumors, solid and papillary epithelial neoplasms, micro- and macrocystic adenoma, and metastases. Recognition of these tumors on imaging is important since it often changes the treatment approach and may obviate the need for surgery. Recent introduction of 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence such as volumetric interpolated breath hold examination (VIBE) has dramatically improved MR imaging by providing dynamic enhanced thin-slice images with fat saturation and high signal-to-noise ratio. In this article, special emphasis will be placed on the impact of 3D GRE sequence in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms with pathologic correlation.

Contrast Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of magnetic resonance imaging in muscle trauma.

While most muscle injuries are recognized clinically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the ideal noninvasive test to assess their extent and severity, which impacts therapy and influences prognosis. Typical examples of these injuries include muscle contusions, lacerations, sprains, and delayed onset muscle soreness. For other less common traumatic muscle conditions (exertional compartment syndrome, muscle herniation, and traumatic denervation), the clinical findings are often subtle or ambiguous and MRI will indicate the correct diagnosis. In patients with known muscle trauma, MRI can detect complications such as hematoma or seroma development, scarring and fibrosis, and myositis ossificans. This article illustrates the spectrum of muscle injuries, emphasizing the value of MRI in their diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR and MRCP in the evaluation of primary sclerosing cholangitis: current applications and imaging findings.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive cholestatic disease of unknown etiology leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Several imaging modalities have been used to study this disease, including ultrasonography, computed tomography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy, but accurate diagnosis was found to be best made with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or direct cholangiography. However, these 2 methods are invasive and may produce serious complications. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a noninvasive imaging technique that has become very useful for diagnosing primary sclerosing cholangitis. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging provides pertinent information of extraductal abnormalities in addition to biliary ductal changes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of adrenal angiomyolipoma.

Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm that typically occurs in the kidney sporadically or in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Extrarenal angiomyolipomas are uncommon, and the liver is the most common extrarenal site. Other sites reported include the bone, colon, heart, lung, parotid gland, skin, spermatic cord, gynecologic regions, and retroperitoneum. A case of an angiomyolipoma involving the right adrenal gland in a 49-year-old female patient with tuberous sclerosis is reported. The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features are also discussed. Only 2 cases describing adrenal angiomyolipoma were found in the English literature. Neither of these 2 cases was documented in the radiology literature or discussed the MR features of adrenal angiomyolipoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of magnetic resonance imaging for muscle denervation syndromes of the shoulder girdle.

Clinical evaluation of neuromuscular disorders typically consists of obtaining a detailed clinical history, physical examination, and electrophysiologic examinations. Electrodiagnostic examinations significantly aid in distinguishing between myopathy, neuropathy, and neuromuscular disorders. Electrodiagnostic examinations also assist in determining the severity and extent of disease. Progress can also be monitored on follow-up testing. The benefit of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neuromuscular disease evaluation lies primarily in identifying a specific underlying gross pathologic cause and its location in the neuraxis as well as in identifying associated secondary findings. In some cases, MRI is particularly helpful when a solitary, small, deep muscle is affected. Imaging can be useful in assessing clinical progress in some cases. Causes of muscle denervation include mass lesions and trauma as well as infectious, autoimmune, and idiopathic causes. This article illustrates the common denervation syndromes that involve the shoulder girdle: Parsonage-Turner syndrome, quadrilateral space syndrome, and suprascapular neuropathy. By demonstrating the exact muscles involved and spared, MRI noninvasively identifies the level of nerve insult in the neuraxis. Furthermore, in cases in which a mass is responsible for denervation, MRI can directly show the cause and aid in treatment planning.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endovaginal magnetic resonance imaging of the female urethra.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is playing an important role in the clinical evaluation of women presenting with urethral symptoms. Voiding cystourethrography, direct urethrography, and pelvic sonography provide limited information on abnormalities that are in continuity with the urethra. On the other hand, urethra and periurethral tissues can be noninvasively evaluated by high-resolution endocavitary MRI. Because of its multiplanar capability and high tissue contrast, endovaginal MRI is an extremely reliable diagnostic test in the evaluation of urethral abnormalities. In this article, the utility of endovaginal MRI in the detection and characterization of a wide spectrum of urethral pathologic conditions, such as congenital anomalies, diverticula, urethritis, and benign and malignant neoplasms, is discussed.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of the spleen: spectrum of abnormalities.

The spleen has the same relationship to the circulatory system that the lymph nodes have to the lymphatic system. A wide range of diseases can affect the spleen. Pathologic conditions of the spleen can be classified into the following categories: congenital diseases (accessory spleen, polysplenia, and asplenia); trauma; inflammation (abscess, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and sarcoidosis); vascular disorders (infarction, diseases affecting the splenic vasculature, and arteriovenous malformation); hematologic disorders (sickle cell disease and extramedullary hematopoiesis); benign tumors (cysts, hemangioma, diffuse hemangiomatosis of the spleen, and hamartoma); malignant tumors (sarcoma, lymphoma, and metastases); and other disease processes that affect the spleen diffusely (portal hypertension, Gaucher disease, and sickle cell disease) or focally (Gamna-Gandy nodules). New magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have increased the role of MR imaging in detection and characterization of splenic diseases. MR imaging is an excellent tool for diagnosis and evaluation of focal lesions and pathologic conditions of the spleen.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focal hepatic lesions: diagnostic value of enhancement pattern approach with contrast-enhanced 3D gradient-echo MR imaging.

Focal hepatic lesions constitute a daily challenge in the clinical setting. However, noninvasive methods can be useful in the detection and characterization of these lesions. The noninvasive diagnosis of liver lesions is usually achieved with contrast material-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Dynamic three-dimensional gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging provides dynamic contrast-enhanced thin-section images with fat saturation and a high signal-to-noise ratio and is excellent for the evaluation of various focal hepatic lesions. A comprehensive MR imaging examination in this setting includes T2-weighted and chemical shift T1-weighted imaging and demonstrates characteristic enhancement patterns that can be helpful in the diagnosis of most of these lesions. These enhancement patterns are seen during particular phases of contrast-enhanced imaging and include arterial phase enhancement, delayed phase enhancement, peripheral washout, ring enhancement, nodule-within-a-nodule enhancement, true central scar, pseudocentral scar, and pseudocapsule. Familiarity with these enhancement patterns can help in the identification of specific focal lesions of the liver.

Aged↗